• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

This study verifies the change in market conditions in the Korea-China and Korea-Japan car ferry routes. Variation in historical development has led to differences in the lifecycle stages of these two car ferry shipping markets. However, previous studies have focused on individual car ferry routes rather than offering a more general understanding of this market. Based on the foregoing, we investigate the international car ferry market conditions from/to Korean ports, assess the management performances of car ferry companies, analyze the lifecycle stages of each car ferry route, and offer insights into the future of these markets. We show that the competitive market conditions and demands of passengers and cargoes differ between these routes. As for the market stage, we conclude that the Korea-China route is entering a mature market, whereas the Korea-Japan route is entering a declining stage.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

In this prolonged economic recession, the countries in Northeast Asia play a crucial role in the global market and the relationship between Korea and China gets more attention due to its significant achievement during the past 20 years after the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992. In this regards, this study presents general overview of Korea-China Car Ferry Route and evaluates the efficiency level of each operating route using DEA model. Incheon-Yingkou, Incheon-Lianyungang, Pyeong Taek-Lianyungang are analyzed as efficent routes, while from the view point of passenger efficiency, 4 routes i.e, Incheon-Dalian, Incheon-Dandong, Pyeong Taek- Weihai, Gunsan-Shidao are also noted as efficient routes. Consequently, other inefficient routes can benchmark these efficient routes by increasing cargo volume and passengers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to keep the safety of the car ferry passengers and vessels by investigating and analyzing vessel safety management systems in Korea and China. To this end, we investigated Korea-China car ferries and the current status and causes of global marine accidents corresponding to the sizes of the vessels from Korea and China. Furthermore, we investigated car ferries' crew management and safety management. As a result of the analysis of the ferry accident, the causes of human error and ship's age were the greatest, but the ship's companies showed a negative stance regarding the age restriction. It seems that it is necessary to utilize the near-miss accident reporting system and differentiate the management of ship's aging. Also, it was analyzed that both the ship company and the crew of the ship need to strengthen their awareness of safety management.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-107
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• 2007

A rapid growth of interregional trade between China and Korea requires new development and expansion of ports. Currently, there is no rail-ferry system between China and Korea, however, a rapid growth of car-ferry industry shows possibilities. Several candidate cities and regions in East part of China and West part of Korea are selected. We identified times in clearance and station-to-station services as major benefits. We compared three transport modes including candidate cities and regions: container ships, car-ferry and rail-ferry. We used AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) as an evaluation method to select most competitive rail-ferry routes between two countries. We also used 7-point Likert scales to find out bottlenecks and factors to introduce rail-ferry services as other questionnaires. As a result, Rail Ferry System(RFS) is a little expensive due to wagon loading efficiency in cargo hold of the ship compared to Car Ferry System or Liner Shipping System. But RFS is recommendable in case of Block Train transport between Korea and EU area by may of TCR and TSR comparing Car Ferry System, because it can reduce total transport cost and connecting procedure at border lines of passing countries.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

Seosan-Daesan Port is the sixth largest port in Korea, and it promotes port infrastructure expansion, regular route development, overseas marketing, and port incentive systems for continuous growth. In addition, the port is planning to open a regular car ferry line to Weihai, China. This study aims to provide useful research data for effective decision making by analyzing the feasibility of opening the Chinese (Weihai) car ferry route of Seosan-Daesan Port. Currently, some car ferry routes that operate between Korea and China are open at Incheon Port, the Port of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin, and the Port of Gunsan. In order to estimate the volume of cargo that will be created when the car ferry route from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai opens, this research analyzes the domestic cargo volume from the Chungcheongnam-do region, where Seosan-Daesan Port is located, to each of the regions where the other ports are located. We estimated the volume of cargo that can be transported on the car ferry from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai. As a result, by 2020, about 76,000 passengers and about 50,000 tons of cargo could be created. Suggestions were made for policy strategies that would revitalize passenger numbers and secure the cargo volume of the car ferry, along with a discussion of and the port incentive system.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.39-58
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• 2014

Korea and China have maintained sea routes between two nations through the shipping conference which was established in May 1993. Due to this effort, the market of Korea-China car ferry on Yellow sea makes growth year by year. The car ferry business has shown fierce competition because it has huge impacts on regional and national level economy. In this respect, the aim of this research is to analyze the structural analysis for ports of Korea-China car ferry using Shift Effect(SE) method. As a results, passengers and cargo volumes of Incheon port continuously transfer to Pyeontaek and Gunsan port. Moreover, absolute growth rate of Incheon port do not reach the potential growth rate. The competitiveness power of Incheon port has lower position compared to Pyeontaek and Gunsan port. The cargo volumes of ports located on western coast of Korea have increased recently, however, passengers and cargo volumes of Incheon port have shown lower increasing rate compared to average of Korean western coast ports. For Incheon port, high value added cargoes which give large profit on port side, have to be attracted. Moreover, Incheon port has to become a specialized port.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

The route of Korea and China situates stable shipping market by the agreement on maritime transport between two countries. Epecially, the Car-ferry shipping market between Korea and China is growing up the world's largest markets in this situation. But, the rapid growth of markets have the possibility of imbalance between supply and demand. In addition that heavy competition can be arisen. The aim of this study is to analyze the ways to reinforce competitiveness of Car-ferry shipping companies(CFSCs) between Korea and China routes through suggesting importance weights of service factors. Firstly, evaluating service factors of CFSCs between Korea and China routes are selected by reviewing literatures and Delphi method. Secondly, importance weights of service factors are calculated using Fuzzy method. As a result, Shipper and CFSCs between Korea and China routes select 'agility of loading and unloading', 'agility of customs', and 'punctuality of transportation' as the most important factors. On the other hand, the two groups are shown the perception gaps on the factors such as 'reasonable shipping cost', 'voyage speed', 'multimodal transportation', and 'professionality of manpower'. The implication of this study is that Government of Korea and China Have to cooperate agreement for mutual drive towed trailer and customs to speedy transportation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.515-521
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the weights of obstacle factors against mutual access of towed trailers of car-ferry between South Korea and China using Fuzzy-AHP. To this end, factors were first selected through literature research and finally selected through in-depth interviews with a group of experts in cargoes who are currently in car-ferry companies. Selected high rank obstacle factors included unstable service provision, limited policy support, and additional costs being incurred and among them, unstable service provision was identified as the most serious obstacle factor through analysis. Eleven measurement variables selected include insufficient supply of container yard, trailer insurance and management issues, insufficient special equipment, insufficient specialized manpower, limited input service courses, insufficient marketing and public relations strategies, and increasing transportation costs and among them, increasing equipment returning costs due to unbalanced cargo gathering were identified as the most serious obstacle factor through analysis followed by limited input service courses, insufficient special equipment, delays in procedures, and occurrence of additional procedures in order of precedence.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.523-531
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• 2011

The recent increase in international car-ferry lines between Korea and Japan as well as China brings needs for proper transportations of special cargo, such as machinery and luxury yacht, etc. International multimodal transport, especially international car ferry through truck-sea-truck system enables to fulfill shippers' needs for "Door to Door Service", of such special goods. However, this international multimodal transport of bulk cargo will cause a possible claim for concealed damages during such transportation. For this reason, this study aims to examine the liability system of the multimodal transport operator as well as to investigate liability for concealed damages theoretically and finally to seek proper measures for them. Futhermore, this paper intends to verify the claims for concealed damages to further the international multimodal transport by car ferries between Korea and Japan.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.111-132
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• 2018

As China continues to evolve as a major economic power and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the Republic of Korea and China was ratified on June 1, 2015, market volume between the two countries is expected to grow more rapidly. This study aims on improving the efficiency of car-ferry lines. We conducted two surveys- for shippers and forwarders of car-ferry companies, and container liners. The study analyzes the decision factors for delivery companies and their importance for shippers and forwarders of car-ferry companies and container liners. Based on analysis of prior studies on the competition for car-ferry companies and liners, three primary variables are selected-promptness, economics, and safety. The promptness variable consists of shipping time, loading/unloading time, and customs clearing time. The economic variable consists of marine transportation cost from a domestic harbor to China, loading/unloading cost in the harbor, and overland transport cost from the harbor to shippers inland. Finally, the safety variable consists of cargo damage rates, safety facilities, such as lashing and shoring, and punctuality of transportation time. The survey and AHP results show that the promptness, safety, and economics factors are 0.549, 0.309, and 0.142 in the shipper groups of car-ferry companies' category, respectively. It indicates that there is considerable difference in the importance of each factor. In contrast, the factors are 0.350, 0.348, and 0.302 in the forwarders category, which suggests that there is little difference in each factor's importance. As for shippers and forwarders of liners, the importance of each factor is found to be in the following order: economics, safety, and promptness.