• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.111-130
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• 2001

Using the 1996 Expenditure Survey of Urban Famines from the Korea National Statistics Office, this study examines the economic status and the inequality of the elderly households. To explain the inequality of the single elderly households, this study divides the elderly into three groups of single, couple, and Living with admit children, and compares the total household income, total household expenditure and the net saving amount of these three groups. The results of Gini coefficients and Lorenz curries show that the inequality is higher in the single elderly household than couple elderly households or living with adult children elderly households. To investigate the reason of the inequality, this study compares the income, expenditure, and net saving amount by working condition of the household head in each three group. The result implies the need of employment to get household income especially for the single elderly who are in the higher inequality economic condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.43-59
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• 2008

This study aims to improve the uniform functionality of the workers who work in Electric Technology Division, Korea Railroad Corporation. Former study of questionnaire survey was taken to examine the current state of wearing working clothes for the workers. Based on the results of the former study, an experimental clothes, the functionality of which has improved in terms of design, materials, and patterns, was created, and existing working clothes and the treated experimental clothes were compared through simulation wearing evaluation comprising appearance, activity adaptability, quantitativeness, and on-site adaptability evaluation comprising appearance and activity adaptability. The followings are the results of the study: Simulation wearing evaluation is composed of 5subjects and 11experts specializing in costume, and as a result of evaluation the experimental clothes were evaluated superior to the existing working clothes in all items. On-site adaptability evaluation was conducted by workers in the Electric Technology Division, who are the subjects in this study. In that evaluation, the experimental clothes were also evaluated superior to the existing working clothes in all items. While the five subjects who participated in the simulation wearing evaluation move, the quantitative evaluation measured the distance of location transfer of the back length in the jacket and the distance of location transfer of the back waist in the trousers. As the distances in the experimental clothes were measured shorter than the distances in the existing working clothes, the subjective evaluation results are objectively supported.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-29
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to survey the extent of pain and discomfort in the musculoskeletal system among visiting housekeepers, above all concerning neck, shoulder, back, wrist, knee, and arm pain and to find possible relations between symptoms and various working conditions. Method: A questionnaire was answered by 174 woman visiting housekeepers living in Kyeonggi-do and Seoul from December 1, 2003 to February 30, 2004. The symptoms of musculoskeletal system were coded by the pain index which illustrates the extent of the symptoms, and analyzed in view of NIOSH guideline and Kim, et. al.'s notion. Result: 1. As to the complaint rate of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms by body region, the figure was the highest for shoulder with 78.2%, followed by back with 66.7%, knee 53.6%, neck 56.3%, wrist 40.2%, and arm 29.2%, respectively. The logistic analysis showed shoulder pain and arm pain have no relation with working and health conditions, and back pain was significantly related to current health condition. In same way, knee pain and wrist pain were found to be mainly related to marital status. 2. Following the NIOSH guideline, the positive rate of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms was found out in following order: shoulder 69.5%, back 59.2%, knee 54%, neck 46%, wrist 32.8%, and arm 25.3%. To investigate the main cause of each disease, the symptoms were classified by pain index, where the value of more than 3 comes to the NIOSH case, and analyzed in term of complaint rate using discrete logistical method : shoulder pain was highly related to the housekeeping time after work, back pain was to current health condition and the heavy weight carrying and neck, wrist, arm pain were commonly related to the ordinary health condition. For knee pain, working speed was a main cause. 3. In view of Kim et. al.'s standard, where the pain index is over 7, the positive rate was showed in order slightly different from previous analyses : shoulder 33.3%. knee 29.9%, back 28.2%, neck 17.2%, wrist 17.2%, and 16.7%. From the logistical analysis, insufficient rest was shown as the main cause of shoulder, back, arm and wrist pain. For neck pain, ordinary health condition was mainly related. In case of knee pain, any apparent relation is not found. Conclusion: According to the logistic regression analysis of musculoskeletal system, there was strong suggestion that the less insufficient physical rest, the more significant disorder complaint. This means that the most musculoskeletal symptom among the visiting housekeepers can be prevented and cured by sufficient physical resting.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.3 s.49
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• pp.265-273
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• 2006

Face mapping during tunnel construction is useful and critical to predict the characteristics and stability condition of following tunneling sections and to select optimum support pattern. Therefore, a detailed geological survey of the tunnel faces, as important as a routine underground survey and a RMR evaluation, should provide critical information of the tunnel face condition in terms of the engineering geological condition and the safety of working environment for the following tunneling section. But the results of the face investigation have not been applied satisfactorily during tunneling due to limitation of technique, experience and time. This study analyze problems of face mapping in tunnel construction site by using statistical results of face mapping sheets obtained from completed tunnels, and suggest several opinions to improve face mapping during tunnel construction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.536-546
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• 2014

Objectives: The major objective of this paper is compare the exposure work hours and experieence of ill health symptoms among under and over employment and matched group. Workers with over employment have more exposed to hazards than that with under employment because that workers with over employment work more than those with ender employment. Methods: This study as heuristics one used the third Korean Working Conditions Survey done by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2011. The sample size is 50,023 economic active persons. Over and under employment were measured by matching method of preferred and actual work hours. The exposed work hours to hazards were measured according to 13 hazardous factors and the experience of ill health symptoms were scaled by the number of experienced 14 ill health symptoms. To compare the exposure and the symptoms experience were compared by mean difference test with F test. Results: The proportion of over employment in male employees is 32.1% and that in female employees is 29.3% and under employment rate is 11.2% in mae and 13.9% in female employees. There is significant difference of the rate of over and under emplyment among age groups, industrial sectors, occupational groups and the state of employment. The difference of the exposed work hours to hazards among under, over and matched group were statistically significant in all hazards by gender. The exposed work hours to hazards in over employment were more than those in under employment. The number of experienced symptoms in over employment is statistically significantly more than that in under employment. Conclusions: Workers with over employment may be vulnerable group in the criteria of hazard exposure and health status. The results have some implications and limitations because that this study is heuristic one. The mismatch of preferred and actual working hours may be unfavorable work condition that has impact on safety and health of workers. The impact mechanism may be investigated as future study, Because that this study used cross sectional survey data, some causal relationships cannot be evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.117-143
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• 2017

This study empirically analyzed the factors that intensify the unequal distribution of relational goods through the decomposition of relational gaps and the actual condition of relational goods. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the average time for forming a relationship with family members or others is 158 minutes in 24 hours a day. Second, tobit regression analysis showed that relational goods time increased as they were employed, more family members, and ownership of their home. On the other hand, relational goods decreased when they were female, double-working, aged, divorced, and increased working time. The increase in household income decreased family relational goods, but increased the time with others. Based on the results of this analysis, this study proposed reduction of working time as a way to increase the happiness by sharing the relationship with meaningful people.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.650-661
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• 2010

Purpose: Work-related anxiety and depression are frequent work-related mental health problems. In this study the relationship between workplace violence and work-related anxiety and/or depression among Korean employees was evaluated. Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Working Condition Survey of 2006. Participants were 9,094 Korean workers aged 15-64 yr. Multiple logistic regression using SAS version 9.1 was used. Results: The incidence of work-related anxiety, work-related depression and workplace violence were 4.5%, 3.5%, and 1.8% respectively. When personal and occupational risk factors were adjusted, workplace violence was significantly associated with work-related anxiety and depression (OR for anxiety: 4.07, CI: 2.62-6.34; OR for depression: 4.60, CI: 2.92-7.25). Work-related anxiety was significantly related to type of employment, working period at present workplace, work time, shift work, job demand, and social support from superiors. Factors influencing work-related depression were gender, education, alcohol consumption, company size, type of employment, working period at present workplace, work time, shift work, and job demand. Conclusion: To promote psychological health in workers there is a need to develop work-related anxiety and depression prevention programs and to decrease in workplace violence. In developing these programs, consideration should be given to personal factors, working conditions, and psychosocial working environments.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-18
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in work autonomy of content industry workers using Korea Working Conditions Survey(2010, 2014) and difference-differences estimation method. The results find that there was no significant change in the work autonomy (work order, work method, work speed) of the content industry worker in In the overall sample. On the other hand, analyzing the sample of 30 or more employee establishment size shows that work autonomy of the content industry worker is greatly reduced. Also, work autonomy is high when the rank or capability is high, whereas work autonomy decreases when the establishment size is large. This study implies that the content industry workers have shown quantitatively the reduction of work autonomy. It also suggests that compensation and management systems are needed to enhance the competitiveness of the content industry.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to survey the working environmental conditions and musculoskeletal workload(DMQ) in red pepper farmers. 155 full-time farmers(males=91, females=64) lived in Chungnam and Jeonbuk participated in the study. To offer the fundamental data for agricultural improvement of red pepper farms, information about working farm conditions, health condition, musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs), labor intensity and musculoskeletal workload was obtained by questionnaire and interviews. The results are as follows: 1. The farmers reported sunlights, high temperature and cold/ draught as uncomfortable work environment. 2. Physical and mental fatigue in females is higher than that of males. 3. The prevalence rates of medical diagnosed diseases are higher in order of osteoarthritis, herniated nucleus pulposus(HNP), and chronic gastritis/gastric ulcer. 4. Prevalence rates of musculoskeletal symptoms more than standard 1 among the various pain areas are higher in order of low back, shoulders and knees. These results can be used practically for agricultural improvement of red pepper farms to prevent MSDs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.66-73
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• 2020

The change in labor consciousness began to draw social attention to work-life balance (WLB). The WLB is one of the major factors affecting the health and safety problems of workers. Although shiftwork adversely affects WLB, safety, and health problems of workers, WLB of shift workers has received little empirical attention. The purpose of this study was to examine whether WLB mediates the relationship between shiftwork and shift worker's safety and health problems, participation in leisure activities moderates WLB, and finally, whether WLB moderated by participation in leisure activities mediates the relationship between shift work and shift worker's safety and health problems. For the study, the data of the 5^th wave of Korean Working Condition Survey(KWCS) conducted by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) of South Korea was used. Conditional process analysis revealed that the relationship between shift work and worker's safety and health problems is mediated by WLB; however, participation in leisure activity showed no moderation effect on WLB. Therefore, the moderated mediation effect has failed to achieve statistical significance. The results indicate that working environment improvement in consideration of the WLB is needed to gain shift worker's long-term safety and health. The implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.