• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.99-122
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• 1997

The final aim of South Korean policies on North Korea and reunification of Korean peninsula is to reflect the direction and the form which South Korean authority has been pursuing. To achieve this aim, we must establish the forms of reunification and continue to prepare for contingency plans while focusing our effort to those policies. In pursuing peaceful reunification, the national security should not be neglected. Moreover, the policing policy is one of the important national security policies. In order to draw up more effective policing policies in a reunified state, this dissertation establishes some preparing measures on policing conditions and expected problems resultion from the reunification of Korean peninsula after studying similar problems in formerly divided countries. The chapter one shows the direction of reunification policy. The chapter two looks some policing problems in formerly divided countries The chapter three studys the expected policing conditions and preparing measures after the reunification of Korean peninsula The chapter four reposes some reasonal solutions for peaceful reunification.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.52-57
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• 2004

Korean Peninsula located between Japan and China where earthquakes frequently occur, have little geophysical observation despite its tectonic importance. This study suggests the inland conductive structures inferred from GDS data measured in Korean Peninsula and try to interpret induction arrows quantitatively with the aid of 2- and 3-D geomagnetic induction modeling. Ogcheon Belt (OCB) and Imjin River Belt (IRB) are regarded as main conductive structures in Korea Peninsula, the induction arrows for the period of 60 minutes show very weak anomaly due to sea effect, which is supported by the results of 3-modeling also. However, for the period of 10 minutes, induction arrows at YIN and ICHN show anomalous patterns considered as the effect of IRB in spite of sea effect. The results of 2-D modeling which simplify geological situations provide overall information on IRB

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.11 no.1_2
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• pp.30-47
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• 2006

The taxonomic revision was made on the tribe Harpalini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Korea. The Korean species are arranged after Kryzhanovskij et al. (1995) system with minor emendation. This present list is an attempt to bring together the available literature and collection-based information on fauna or taxa recorded from Korea (including some collections from the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, now North Korea). Materials examined for each species, an annotative checklist of Korean Carabidae, and the practical key to tribes and genera are provided. As a result, a total 86 species (and subspecies) belonging to 13 genera are recognized from the Korean Peninsula, of which one species (Harpalus egorovi) is new to South Korea. Distribution of two species, Harpalus tardus and H. tibeticus hsifanicus, are very doubtful in the Korean Peninsula. Besides, numerous new distribution records are given as based on materials deposited in various Universities and private collections.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2011

This study examined the change in sea surface temperature (SST) around the Korean peninsula since industrialization at year 1880, and its possible causes using observation based data from the Hadley Center, the Goddard Institute of Space Studies, and National Climate Data Center. Since year 1880, There have been multi-decadal fluctuations with a gradual reduction from 1880 to around 1940, and from 1950-1980. There has then been a marked increase from 1940-1950, and from 1980 to the present. The ocean surface warming is larger during the boreal winter than summer, and greater in the south. The multi-decadal SST fluctuations around the Korean Peninsula are largely consistent with the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which fluctuates with periods of about 20-50 years. Secondly, the El Ni$\tilde{n}$o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), whose long period component moves along with the PDO, appears to influence the SST near the Korean Peninsula, especially in recent decades. Overall, the SST around the Korean Peninsula has warmed since year 1880 by about $1^{\circ}C$, which is about twice the global-mean ocean surface warming. This long-term warming is aligned with an increase in greenhouse gas concentration, as well as local factors such as the PDO.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1986

The net primary production in the Korean peninsula was estimated by Miami model, Montreal model and Kira's model, based on 148 meteorological data. The modes in frequency distribution of the values calculated by Montreal and Miami model were found at 1,500g/m2/yr. class and at one step high class in 100g. interval, while by Kira's madel at 1,700g/m2/yr. class. The relationships between values by Miami model(X) and those by Motreal model (Ym) and Kira's model(Yk) can be expressed as follows: Ym=0.365X+944.7, Yk=0.462 X+1006.9 and Yk=1.282Ym-211.5. The total amount of the net primary production in 218,583.4km2, 98.9% of the whole area(220,951 km2) of the Korean Peninsula, was estimated as 290,691,407 tons/yr. by Miami model, 310,751,566 tons/yr by Montreal model and 352,071,901 tons/yr by Kira's model. Therefore, it is reasonable that the organic substance over 300 million-tons is added yearly in the Korean Peninsula, because only 1.1% of the whole area no calculated. In additiion, the net primary production amount of Han-river basin was estimated as ca. 38 million-tons, whether calculated with the meteorological data in level of the Korean Peninsula or with more detail data.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.23-30
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• 1998

An estimation of seismic risk parameters by seismic zones of the Korea Peninsula in order to calculate the seismic hazard values using these was erformed. Seven seismic source zones were selected in consideration of seismicity and geology of Korean Peninsula. The seismicity parameters that should be estimated are maximum intensity, activity rate and b value in the Gutenberg - Richter relation. For computation of these parameters, least square method or maximum likelihood method is applied to the earthquake data in two ways; the one for the data without maximum intensity and the other with maximum intensity. Earthquake data since Choseon Dynasty is regarded as complete and estimation of parameters was made for these data using above two ways. And recently, a new method is published that estimate the seismicity parameters using mixed data containing large historical events and recent complete observations. Therefore, this method is applied to the whole earthquake data of the Korean Peninsula. It turns out that the b value computed considering maximum intensity is slightly lower than that computed considering without maximum intensity, and it becomes still lower when the incomplete data prior to Choseon Dynasty is used. In the case of the activity rates, the values obtained without maximum intensity and that with maximum intensity are similar, though they are lower when the incomplete data is used. The values of maximum intensities are usually lower when considering incomplete data. In the seismic source zone including the Yangsan Fault zone, however, the values are higher when considering the incomplete data.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-86
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• 2019

This study explores "4.27 Panmunjom Declaration" and "9.19 Pyongyang Declaration" for the peace and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula in terms of inter-Korean exchanges and scrutinizes the Declarations in conjunction with the New Economic Initiative of the Korean Peninsula. The leadership of President Moon Jae-in pursues the value of the "peaceful and prosperous Korean Peninsula" of which pre-requisite and requirement are exchanges and cooperation between South and North Koreas. The New Economic Initiative of the Korea Peninsula for economic prosperity proposed in the inter-Korean summit premises complete denuclearization in the Peninsula. It is accentuated that the Initiative provides a new tonic impetus to the Korean economy in recession, and simultaneously, shapes a necessary foundation for the economic development of North Korea. The Initiative with connotation of the two Korea's mutual opulence aims at proceeding to a new Korean Peninsular system. The new system implies the new peace-cooperative community where confrontation and discord are ceased, and the new economic-cooperative one where the age of ideological rivalry comes to an end. The two Koreas have to lead the new age of peaceful and prosperous Northeast Asia as a buffer zone of peace.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2015

In this study, we estimated the topside scale height of plasma density (Hm) using the Swarm constellation and ionosondes in Korea. The Hm above Korean Peninsula is generally around 50 km. Statistical distributions of the topside scale height exhibited a complex dependence upon local time and season. The results were in general agreement with those of Tulasi Ram et al. (2009), who used the same method to calculate the topside scale height in a mid-latitude region. On the contrary, our results did not fully coincide with those obtained by Liu et al. (2007), who used electron density profiles from Arecibo Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) between 1966 and 2002. The disagreement may result from the limitations in our approximation method and data coverage used for estimations, as well as the inherent dependence of Hm on Geographic LONgitude (GLON).

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.518-521
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• 2020

Macruropyxis fraxini has been recorded on several species of Fraxinus in China, Japan, Russia (Far East), and North Korea since its first recorded observation as a rust fungus on F. rhynchophylla in Jilin, China, in 1899. In the Korean Peninsula, the rust fungus was first recorded on F. rhynchophylla in 1935, based on four specimens collected at Mt. Kumgangsan, Gangwondo Province, in the North Korean territory. We confirmed this rust in the Korean Peninsula after 82 years. The rust fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics and a molecular phylogenetic analysis. This is the first record of M. fraxini in South Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.261-279
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• 2016

Trends of food and energy consumptions in South Korea, North Korea, and the Korean Peninsula were shown and consumptions of food and energy for the integrated Korean Peninsula with several Cases were predicted, and the directions for the environmental resources management were suggested in this study. The Food Supply Quantity, the Protein Supply Quantity, and the Food Supply of North Korea were less than those of South Korea, the Eastern Asia, and World after 1990s. However, it is expected that the food consumption in North Korea will increase, if two Koreas are integrated. If the Food Supply Quantity of North Korea is the same as that of South Korea with the maximum projected population of integrated two Koreas by 2055, the food consumption in the Korean Peninsula would increase by 25% compared with the 2011 food consumption of integrated two Koreas. Thus, the choice of diet should be carefully considered and the increase of agricultural productivity is required. Energy consumption in North Korea is very small comparing to that of South Korea and fraction of coal in energy usage of North Korea is very high. If the energy consumption per capita of North Korea after integration be the same as that of South Korea in 2011, the energy consumption in the Korean Peninsula would increase by 45% compared with the 2011 energy consumption of integrated two Koreas. To minimize the environmental effects caused by energy consumption, the energy plan with the reduced fraction of coal in energy supply of North Korea should be adopted and advanced technology with higher efficiency should be applied to establish or expand the energy facility in North Korea.