• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.235-249
• /
• 2007

The multicolored Asian lady beetles (Harmonia axyridis) has characteristic color patterns, which show great variability within species. Up to now, it has been well known that main factors affected on individual color pattern variations in the population of H axyridis are external, physical, and environmental characteristics. Indeed, there is as yet no evidence to indicate whether the variation is genetic or environmental factors. Also the factors which produce this variation are unknown in this species, although it is suspected that much of the variation is under genetic control. However, the genetic relationships among many of color types were investigated by observing the progeny of each particular pairs. It is worth mentioning a few particular breeding cases to illustrate certain facets of variability, and to indicate examples suitable for genetic analysis of the color pattern variation.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ digit length ratio(2D : 4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait regardless of ethnicity and shows sex differences. According to previous research, men usually have a relatively shorter $2^{nd}$ digit than $4^{th}$ digit. There is tendency that men with lower 2D : 4D are perceived as being more masculine and tend to perform better in some physical sports. Furthermore, 2D : 4D is negatively associated with trait aggression. In this study, we examine gender difference of 2D : 4D and compare 2D:4D of female Korean national team members to 2D : 4D of control subjects. Besides that, we also compare 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members according to their sports entries. Methods : The sample of this study is 396 people, 67 female Korean national team member, 216 control women and 113 control men. We measured $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ digit length of their right hand. In addition, we collected demographic information of female Korean national team members using a self-report questionnaire. Results : The mean 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members is 0.96(SD=0.04), smaller than control women's 2D : 4D(0.97, SD=0.03) and significantly higher than control men's 2D : 4D(0.95, SD=0.03). We also found differences between control men and women. Non-martial arts related sports athletes have significant difference with control men in 2D : 4D. However, martial arts related sports athletes' 2D : 4D is not significantly different from other groups, including control men. Conclusion : These results are consistent with the findings of previous research that there is a significant difference between men and women in their 2D : 4D. Furthermore, 2D : 4D of martial arts related sports athletes have not shown any difference from the 2D : 4D of control men that 2D : 4D of non-martial arts related athletes have shown. This fact is important in consideration of masculine characteristics. For further research, it is necessary to examine 2D : 4D difference according to sport ability and gender differences.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2006

Hepatoma is one of 3 most common malignancies in Korea, the survival rate is not improved since last decades because of delayed diagnosis and limited treatment conditions. Radiation was one of treatment options but the impact on the survival is not remarkable. High dose exposure to target area was suggested for improved effect but low tolerance dose of normal liver tissue is the main limited factor. IMRT is the advanced form of 3DCRT, for focusing high dose on target with minimal dose to surrounding normal tissues. Motion of the tumor by respiration, cardiac pulsation and peristalsis is the main treatment harrier of IMRT for treatment of hepatoma patients. Development of QA technique for acceptable geometrical uncertainties and dose error on target volume is essential for IMRT in clinical treatment but proper QA technique is not yet developed. This study compared the verification film dosimetry with measured dose in phantom and calculated dose in planning computer on exactly same conditions of patient treatments. Within 3% dose differences between 3 groups were confirmed. We suggest that our verification QA technique is easy, economic, iterative and acceptable in clinical application for advanced hepatoma patients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.455-462
• /
• 2007

The participants were recruited 77 healthy adult persons aged between 20 and 50 who have BMI above $25kg/m^2$ in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to the Gentro $F^{(R)}$ drinking group and non-drinking group. We were investigated about abdomen fat decreasing effect of Gentro $F^{(R)}$, distillate of pepper. Total fat area (TFA), subcutaeneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area/visceral fat area ratio (SVR) has been assessed by obesity index (BMI, body fat percent, waist circumference), CT scan taken on the $L4{\sim}5$ position, umbilicus level and blood analysis evaluated during 3 month. The obesity indexes were a little decreased in two groups. However, the waist circumference (WC) was decreased about 5% in drinking group after 3 month and there was significant difference in the change 2 and 3 between two group. TFA and VFA were significantly decreased in the drinking group compare to the non-drinking group (p<0.05) and in umbilicus and $L4{\sim}5$ position, were $370.33{\pm}92.30,\;380.35{\pm}97.64\;and\;114.90{\pm}44.91,\;101.99{\pm}41.24$, respectively. These result means that Gentro $F^{(R)}$ is effective on abdomen fat decreasing. Total cholesterol were decreased without difference in both groups. Lipid factors (TG, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol) were decreased without significance. The mea surement of SVR taken on the $L4{\sim}5$ position were more significantly correlated with obesity index that BMI was 0.787, body fat percentage was 0.754 than on the umbilicus level. The TFA and VSA was correlated with ALP, ASP, Albumin, Insulin and the SVR was correlated with the indexes of liver function and lipid factor found in the blood. Therefore, it is conclude that Gentro $F^{(R)}$ drinking leads to a decrease in abdominal obesity by reducing waist circumference and visceral fat area.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 2003.09b
• /
• pp.108-109
• /
• 2003

Ursolic acid (UA) and Oleanolic acid (ONA), known as urson, micromerol, prunol and malol, are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds which naturally occur in a large number of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs, and plants. They may occur in their free acid form or as aglycones for triterpenoid saponins, which are comprised of a triterpenoid aglycone, linked to one or more sugar moieties. Therefore UA and ON A are similar in pharmacological activity. Lately scientific research, which led to the identification of UA and ONA, revealed that several pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperlipidemic could be attributed to UA and ONA. Here, we introduced the effects of UA and ONA on acute barrier disruption and normal epidermal permeability barrier function. To clarify the effects of UA and ONA on skin barrier recovery, both flank skin of 8-12 weeks hairless mice were topically treated with samples (2mg/ml) after tape stripping, then measured recovery rate using TEWL on hairless mice. The recovery rate increased in UA and ONA treated groups at 6h more than 20% compared to vehicle treated group (p <0.05). For verifying the effects of UA and ONA on normal epidermal barrier, hydration and TEWL were measured for 1 and 3 weeks after UA and ONA applications (2mg/ml per day). We also investigated the features of epidermis and dermis using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM). Both samples increased hydration compared to Vehicle group from 1 week without TEWL alteration (p<0.005). EM examination using Ru04 and OsO4 fixation revealed that secretion and numbers of lamellar bodies and complete formation of lipid bilayers were most prominent (ONA$\geq$UA>Vehicle). LM finding showed that stratum corneum was slightly increased and especially epidermal thickening and flattening was observed (UA>ONA>Vehicle). Using Masson-trichrome and elastic fiber staining, we observed collagen thickening and elastic fiber increasing by UA and ONA treatments. In vitro results of collagen and elastin synthesis and elastase inhibitory experiments were also confirmed in vivo findings. This result suggested that the effects of UA and ONA related to not only skin barrier but also collagen and elastic fibers. Taken together, UA and ONA can be relevant candidates to improve barrier function and pertinent agents for cosmetic applications.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2008

Purpose : When the pliability of the Lumbar is degraded, the kinesiology function undergoes an influence and it receives an overload. Finally, it is connected with a Lumbar muscular injury. When it does the regular exercise treatment the lumbago patient the balance and function of changeover are improved. The purpose of this study is to review of effect of the PNF application for lumbago patient Methods : By using internet, we research the PubMed, Science Direct, KISS, DBpia and the article on the effect of PNF. We selected the article between 1970 and 2007. Key words were low back pain, lumbago, PNF. Results : PNF is a therapeutic exercise for central nervous system(CNS) patient and the peripheral nervous system(PNS) patient and it is widely applied from sports medicine in the last. According to research of the Jung Young Jo(2007) and Han Kou Soo(2002), PNF technique improves the pain and a condition of the lumbago patient. And the affection balanced change and dynamic balance change and spontaneous movable scope are improved. And it improved to daily life activity. According to research of Moore and Hutton(1980), Lee Kyoung Hye(1999), PNF stretching where it is one of muscular relaxation is good in lumbar muscle fascia ache solutions, and PNF stretching that muscle is relaxed and increases ROM by Reflective system of the vertebra. These researches is relation all each other. it have appeared many report of research about Pliability, muscular power, balance, mobility improve ADL movement of attendance ability and functional action improved excise therapy put effect about lumbago patient recently, it have appeared research about therapy of lumbago patient through PNF. But PNF technique is not application about lumbago patient in clinic, therefore also it is not enough for case study about this therapy. Conclusion : PNF improve combination operation of muscle, inconvenience decrease from daily life activity, ROM(range of movement) of lumbar is increase and Lumbago reduce. So we suggest that PNF will be applies on the lumbago patient and must do a many research.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 1997

Ten, heretofore unreported, $ 5^I-methyl-5^I-[2-(5-substituted uracil-1-yl)ethyl)]-2^I-oxo-3^I$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (H, F, Cl, Br, I, $ CH_3$,$CF_3$,$CH_2CH_3$,$ CH=CH2$, SePh) (7a-j) were synthesized and evaluated against four cell lines (K-562, FM-3A, P-388 and U-937). For the preparation of ${\alpha}$-methylene-${\gamma}$-butyrolactone-linked to 5-substituted uracils (7a-j), the convenient Reformasky type reaction was employed which involves the treatment of ethyl ${\alpha}$-(bromomethyl)acrylate and zinc with the respective 1-(5-substituted uracil-1-yl)-3-butanone (6a-j). The 5-substituted uracil ketones (6a-j) were directly obtained by the respective Michael type reaction of vinyl methyl ketone with the $K_2CO_3$(or NaH)-treated 5-substituted uracils (5a-j) in the presence of acetic acid in the DMF solvent. The .alpha.-methylene-.gamma.-butyrolactone compounds showing the most significant antitumor activity are 7e, 7f, 7h and 7j (inhibitory concentration $(IC_50)$ ranging from 0.69 to $2.9 {\mu}g/ml$), while 7b, 7g and 7i have shown moderate to significant activity. The compounds 7a, 7c and 7d were found to be inactive. The synthetic intermediate compounds 6a-j were also screened and found marginal to moderate activity where compounds 6b and 6g showed significant activity $(IC_50:0.4~2.8 {\mu}g/ml)$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the validity of superimposition range at facial images constructed with 3-dimensional (3D) surface laser scanning system. Materials and methods: For the present study, thirty adults, who had no severe skeletal discrepancy, were selected and scanned twice by a 3D laser scanner (VIVID 910, Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) with 12 markers placed on the face. Then, two 3D facial images (T1-baseline, T2-30 minutes later) were reconstructed respectably and superimposed in several manners with $RapidForm^{TM}2006$ (Inus, Seoul, Korea) software program. The distances between markers at the same place of face were measured in superimposed 3D facial images and measurement were done all the 12 makers respectably. Results: The average linear distances between the markers at the same place in the superimposed image constructed by upper 2/3 of the face was $0.92{\pm}0.23\;mm$, in the superimposed image constructed by upper 1/2 of the face was $0.98{\pm}0.26\;mm$, in the superimposed image constructed by upper 1/3 of the face and nose area was $0.99{\pm}0.24\;mm$, in the superimposed image constructed by upper 1/3 of the face was $1.41{\pm}0.48\;mm$, and in the superimposed image constructed by whole face was $0.83{\pm}0.13\;mm$. There were no statistically significant differences in the liner distances of the makers placed on the area included in superimposition range used for partial registration methods but there were significant differences in the linear distances of the markers placed on the areas not included in superimposition range between whole registration method and partial registration methods used in this study. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the validity of superimposition is decreased as superimposition range is reduced in the superimposition of 3D images constructed with 3D laser scanner for the same subject.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 2011

Various kinds of medical imaging devices have been studied to develop periapical radiography. However, there are some problems such as high x-ray exposure rate and pains for patients because of the problems caused by intra-oral sensor based radiography system. In this study, a new concept of periapical radiography, intra oral X-ray tube and detector system, is introduced to solve these problems. This system is made up of miniature X-ray tube based on subminiature thermal electron or cold electron, CMOS based detector, and a body including automatic position and system control devices. In order to confirm the possibility of proposed new concept to periapical radiography, miniature x-ray tube from XOFT corporation is used to develop new x-ray system, and the performance evaluation of this system is performed according to collimator. Also, dental images are compared after acquiring both images from existing system versus new concept of system. As a result, new concept of system showed excellent image. Thus, it is considered that new concept of system will have a significant effect on medical imaging technology.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.37-64
• /
• 2015

This technical research paper attempts to examine literature therapeutic significance of Sijo. This research analyzes how the therapeutic mechanisms of literature or sentence can be physiologically applied to human nerve system. To study such interactions between therapeutic mechanisms of literature and human physiological mechanisms, diverse on- and offline Sijo activities, such as a Facebook group "Sijoya Nolja", were studied, as well as various publications in literature and medicine. For the three years this research was being conducted, 27 out of 488 Sijo poets debuted through Sinchunmunye, and many have gone professional through various contests. 19 of them became members of Sijo Poet Associations of Korea, with globalization of Sijo in mind. Their aggressive activity proves that the quality of live was elevated through literature therapy. The therapeutic effects are especially dramatic for older authors, and authors with traumatic experience. Through this research, Sijo turned out to be a form of literature with the quickest effect on elevating quality of life. To solve problems such as depression, emotional isolation, and other mental conditions, literature therapy through Sijo should be implemented, and therapeutic approach of literature should be more professionalized.