• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.503-516
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• 2007

USA has distinct differences of economic policy by a ruling party. And, USA economy has mainly influenced on it of Korea. So, we examine whether a ruling party of Korea has different regime including rate of return in stock market. The Republican Party and Democratic Party have based on Milton Friedman and Keynes economy at each other's economic policy in the USA The Republican Party and Democratic Party have different interest level and excess return on equity, GDP growth rate, unemployment rate. Also, a ruling party of Korea has different regime and economic activity in this paper.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2023

Cities cover only 3% of the planet's surface, yet they are responsible for more than 75% of the global emissions. Given the projected urban built area will double by 2060, the carbon emitted from cities will further increase. SOM proposes the Urban Sequoia concept, for buildings that go beyond 'net zero' and absorb carbon from the atmosphere. This concept combines multiple strategies, including the use of an optimised building form with a highly efficient structural system, modularized prefabrication techniques, holistic integration of facade, MEP and interiors' components, bio-based materials, and Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology, to reduce a 40-storey building's whole life cycle carbon emissions by more than 300% over a 100-year lifespan. Calculations of embodied carbon emissions are performed with SOM's in-house Environmental Analysis (EA) Tool to demonstrate the effectiveness of employing Urban Sequoia's design strategies in the design of new buildings using current technologies.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2013

Background: Antihistamine and anti-allergy medications are widely used during pregnancy. Reading label information is one of the easiest ways to get safety information. But there are content gaps among countries. Objective: To compare the risk level and the recommendation level of antihistamine/anti-allergy drug's label information in pregnant women among Korea, the USA, the UK, and Japan. Method: Study drugs of antihistamine/anti-allergy medications were selected according to Korea drug classification codes. Based on the label information of selected product, risk level was classified into 5 categories as follows: 'Definite', 'Probable', 'Possible', and 'Unlikely', 'Unclassified' according to the level of evidence. Recommendation level was classified into 4 categories as follows: 'Contraindicated', 'Cautious', 'Compatible', and 'Unclassified'. Frequency and proportion were presented according to the each category. To estimate agreement of each category among 4 countries, percent agreement and kappa (k) coefficient were calculated. Results: Total 13 drug ingredients were selected for antihistamine/anti-allergy medications. In risk level, Korea (46%) and Japan (69%) were mostly classified in the category of 'Unclassified', but 'Unlikely' category was more frequent in the UK (62%) and the USA (46%). In recommendation level, the proportion of 'Contraindicated' was highest in Korea (46%) compared to other countries. In contrast, the category of 'Cautious' was 77%-85% in the USA, the UK, and Japan. The percent agreement for risk level was highest in the USA-UK (54%). The recommendation level of Korea-USA showed lowest agreement for percent agreement (46%) and kappa coefficient (k=0.02). Conclusion: We confirmed the differences among safety information provided by four different countries. 'Contraindicated' was more likely in Korea compared with other countries.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 2014

To investigate the technology trends in organic farming using patent analysis, total 1,026 patents in organic farming in Australia, EU, Japan, Korea and USA between 1974 and 2014 were analyzed. The number of the patents applied in organic farming was largest in Korea, followed by Japan and the USA. Since 2000, the patent application in Korea and USA increased drastically, while in Japan the patents in organic farming were applied steadily in the late 1980s. The applied patents in organic farming were mainly dominated in the field of organic production technology (AA) especially in Korea, while those in environmental assessment were merely applied. Most patent appliers were biased to private applier (80%) than national institutes including university. With this study, it is highly recommended that national interests and R&D on the organic farming fields are needed to meet the food safety.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.19-32
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• 1999

This study analyzed the curricula of fashion related majors at 4-year colleges in the USA, UK, Japan and Hong Kong as well as in Korea and compared the characteristics of the Korean curriculum with those of the four countries. A total of 124 curricula from 103 colleges were collected. Courses were divided into eight categories (including industry and market information; materials; merchandise planning; design; production; distribution and selling; basics; and consumption) representing the production and distribution process of fashion business. There were differences in course offerings among the five countries. Overall, curricula in Korea emphasized design and production (construction) areas and showed not much differentiation among colleges. While industry and market information, merchandise planning, and production (management) areas were emphasized in the USA , differentiation/specialization by major was observed . UK and Hong Kong had well-specialized curricula by major Japan seemed to offer traditional and consumption oriented courses. Based on the findings, some propositions for the Korean fashion curriculum were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2001

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4133-4136
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• 2015

Background: To analyze multi-source data including publications and patents, and try to draw the whole landscape of the research and development community in the field of gene therapy for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Publications and patents were collected from the Web of science and databases of the five major patent offices of the world, respectively. Bibliometric methodologies and technology are used to investigate publications/patents, their contents and relationships. Results: A total of 2,043 items published and 947 patents from 1994 to 2013 including "gene therapy for breast cancer" were retrieved. The top five countries in global publication share were USA, China, Germany, Japan and England. On the other hand, USA, Australia, England, South Korea and Japan were the main producers of patents. The universities and enterprises of USA had the highest amount of publication and patents. Adenovirus- and retrovirus-based gene therapies and small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference therapies were the main topics both in publications and patents. Conclusions: The above results show that global research in the field of gene therapy for breast cancer is increasing and the main participants in this field are USA and Canada in North America, China, Japan and South Korea in Asia, and England, Germany, and Italy in Europe. Also, this article demonstrates the usefulness of bibliometrics to address key evaluation questions and define future areas of research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.17-19
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• 1998

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate EU, UK and USA's laws and standards related to safety criteria for commercial kitchen machines. The study was based on literature survey and web surfing. The results revealed that EU has relevant directives by kitchen machines and harmonized standards according to the directives. The directives and harmonized standards are translated into the laws and standards of EU member countries, respectively. The kitchen facility relevant legal systems of UK and USA do not prescribe the safety devices or measures, but only the basic health and safety requirements. The requirements were forcefully implemented through the certificate systems such as CE(Confommite European), UL(Underwriters Laboratories), etc. Only products with CE, UL or NRTL(ationally Recognized Testing Laboratory) certificate marking can be placed on the market of EU and USA, or put into service. For achieving the certificates, all requirements regulated in the relevant standards should be met. The standards of UK and USA were presented by kitchen machines or by standards themselves, respectively. Safety devices required by the standards were also summarized by kitchen machines and their risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the body image perception, weight control experiences and the eating disorders according to where they were born, and the length of residence in USA among Korean-American college students. Three hundred college students participated in the study: 144 males and 156 females, 122 America-born (AB) and 171 Korea-born (KB) who live in New York City and New Jersey. Subjects responded to a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that the ratio of overweight (23.2%) and obesity (26.8%) of males was higher than females'(16.1% and 6.3%, respectively). There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of residence in USA of KB. People who had tried to control their weight were 58%. The ratio of weight control experiences of females (72.4%) was higher than males' (42.4%) as well as people who were normal or underweight than who were overweight or obesity. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in the USA of KB. In body image perception, the subjects who were normal and underweight overestimated their body figure, and the subjects who were overweight and obese underestimated their body figure. The desired and ideal figure of female students was significantly thinner than the current figure and also that of male students. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in USA of KB. The ratio of eating disorder was 8.7%, and females had higher percentage than males. And shorter they lived in USA, the percentage of eating disorder was higher.