• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.302-316
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• 2023

Objectives: The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics. Methods: Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type. Results: Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019. Conclusions: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.168-181
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating habits and patterns in accordance with the mental health status in Korea. Data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010-2012 by the CDCP were used to target 19-year-olds. A total of 15,484 subjects (6,348 men and 9,500 women) were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, cross-analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that men showed, with linear tendency, a decrease in stress and suicidal ideation with an increase in the number of meals. (p<.05). Women also showed, with linear tendency, that an increase in the number of meals resulted in a reduction of stress, depression, and suicidal ideation (p<.05). The stress level of women decreased by 0.667 times when they ate two meals rather than one time meal per day. If women ate three meals compared with one meal per day, stress, depression, and suicidal ideation were reduced by 0.522, 0.605, and 0.508 times, respectively (p<.05). It was found that Aa regular eating habit may have an impact on stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. Moreover, irregular meals, brought on by modern influences, could have a negative impact on mental health, leading to social and economic losses. These results suggest that we need to educate and promote awareness on proper eating habits.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.706-713
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• 2022

The study is to observe the time trend variation in the blood lead concentration of Korean teenage groups and to examine the changes in the daily lead intake from intake amount(g) by food groups as an influencing factor. A total of 1,540 subjects are participants in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017. The blood lead concentrations were 1.25㎍/100ml in 2011 survey, 1.16㎍/100ml in 2012, 1.17㎍/100ml in 2013, 1.05㎍/100ml in 2016, and 0.84㎍/100ml in 2017. The time trend decrease in food intake amount appeared mainly in the plant food groups such as grains, potatoes and starch, pulses, mushrooms, vegetables, and fruits. And the milk and dairy products of the animal food group also showed a decreased trend. The decrease in the intake amount of these food groups can be an influencing factor in the decrease in lead concentration in the blood.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hypertriglyceridemia may be a more important predictor of cardiovascular disease in Asian population consuming carbohydrate-rich foods than in Western populations. Dairy products are known to play a beneficial role in obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, but the results vary depending on gender and obesity. In this study, we investigated the associations between dairy product intake and hypertriglyceridemia in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012 (KNHANES IV and V). A total of 22,836 participants aged 19-64 years were included in the analysis. A food frequency questionnaire used to determine the frequency of consumption of products (milk and yogurt). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between dairy product intake and hypertriglyceridemia. RESULTS: A significantly decreased risk of hypertriglyceridemia was detected in the highest dairy product intake frequency group (≥ 1 time/day) (odd ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64-0.97, P for trend = 0.022) compared to that for the lowest dairy product intake frequency group. Among obese participants, the group with the highest intakes of milk (in men, OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.46-0.91, P for trend = 0.036) and yogurt (in women; OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.29-0.94, P for trend = 0.019) showed inverse associations with hypertriglyceridemia. No associations were detected in normal weight participants. CONCLUSION: The association between dairy product intake and hypertriglyceridemia differed by gender and obesity status. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.628-637
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing quality of life among cancer survivors in order to identify strategies for cancer survivors to go back to normal life and carry on stable and high quality life. This study used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010-2014), conducted by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(KCDC). The sample of this study was 610 cancer survivors and their average time since diagnosis was about 11 years. The most powerful influencing factors for quality of life among cancer survivors were activity limitation(${\beta}$=.30, p<.001), followed by age(${\beta}$=-.20, p<.001), subjective health status(${\beta}$ =-.19, p<.001), and economic status(${\beta}$=.12, p=.004). According to the result, limitation on daily activities or social activities due to physical or mental debilitation was a strong factor that lowers quality of life among cancer survivors. Hence, there is a need for manpower and infrastructure that facilitates, supports, and manage daily activities of cancer survivors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.269-276
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• 2015

In order to examine the relationship between cholesterol level on serum and depression in Korean adults, this study used data of the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). 834 persons with depressive symptoms were selected as an index group and 3,317 persons without depressive symptoms as a control group, and odds ratios were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. As a result, odds ratio of depressive symptoms was higher in low LDL group (OR=6.435, 95% CI; 2,358-17.557) than in high LDL group adjusted after monthly income, marital status, period of education, occupation, smoking status, and physical activity. Etiopathogenic mechanism must be found by convergent study in the future.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2010

The safety and security of food supply should be one of the primary responsibilities of any government. Estimation of nation's food commodity intakes is important to control the potential risks in food systems since food hazards are often associated with quality and safety of food commodities. The food intake databases provided by Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) are good resources to estimate the demographic data of intakes of various food commodities. A limitation of the KNHANES databases, however, is that the food intakes surveyed are not based on commodities but ingredients and their mixtures. In this study, reasonable calculation strategies were applied to convert the food intakes of the ingredients mixtures from the KNHANES into food commodity intakes. For example, Perilla leaf consumed with meat, raw fish, and etc. in Korean diets was used to estimate its Korean intakes and develop algorithms for demographic analysis. Koreans have consumed raw, blanched, steamed, and canned perilla leaf products. The average daily intakes of the perilla leaf were analyzed demographically, for examples, the intakes by gender, age, and etc. The average daily intakes of total perilla leaf were 2.03${\pm}$0.27 g in 1998, 2.11${\pm}$0.26 g in 2001, 2.29${\pm}$0.27 g in 2005, 2.75${\pm}$0.35 g in 2007, and 2.27${\pm}$0.20 g in 2008. Generally, people equal to or over 20 years of age have shown higher perilla leaf intakes than people below 20. This study would be contributed to the estimation of intakes of possible chemical contaminants such as residual pesticides and subsequent analysis for their potential risk.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the convergence relationship between depression and oral health behaviors in postmenopausal women using data from the 2016~2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES). The subjects of this study were 1,201 women aged 40 to 59 years who answered 'menopause' in the question of menstruation of KNHANES. The data were analyzed by complex samples chi-square test and logistics regression. The group with a PHQ-9 score of '≥10' was 3.12 times more likely to smoke than the group with '<10'. Depression in postmenopausal women was strongly related to smoking. This study is expected to be used as a basic data to improve the health and oral health of middle-aged women by identifying oral health behaviors related to depression in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.80-93
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• 2012

Recent studies have reported that the glycemic index (GI) has an effect on developing the risk for metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. As there are no reliable GI values for common Korean foods, only a few studies have been carried out using the dietary GI for Korean adults. The aim of this study was to establish a table of GI values for common Korean foods and evaluate dietary glycemic index (DGI) and dietary glycemic load (DGL) among the Korean adult population. International tables of GI values and other published values were used to tabulate GI values for common Korean foods. Among 653 food items, 149 (22.8%) were adapted from published data, 60 (9.2%) were imputed from similar foods, and 444 (68.0%) were assigned a zero. Data from 7,940 subjects aged 20 years and older in the 2007-2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were obtained, and DGI and DGL were calculated. The average DGI was 60.0 and the average DGL was 182.5 when the reference food GI value was glucose. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, DGI and DGL increased significantly according to age group (p for trend < 0.001). The food group that contributed most to DGL was grain and its products supplying 85.3% of total DGL, whereas the mean GI value in grain and its products was 72.6. Fruits and potatoes also contributed to DGL (5.8 and 2.9%, respectively), and their GIs were high (67.7 for potatoes and 45.8 for fruits). For individual food items, white rice supplied 66.7% of total GI followed by glutinous rice (2.3%) and steamed white rice cakes (2.0%). In conclusion, a table of GI values for 653 common food items was established in which white rice was the most contributing item to DGL. Our results will be useful to examine the relationships between DGI, DGL, and metabolic abnormalities in the Korean population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.531-539
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• 2013

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea has been increasing in adults, as well as in adolescents. Recently the prevalence of MetS in children has been reported to strongly link that of MetS in parents. Families are known to share similar food environment so that eating habits of parents closely resemble that of the children's. Therefore, the aim of this study to examine metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in children by with respect to mother's metabolic syndrome, based on the data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2010. Using the household variable and the eldest child per household, 1,341 pairs of mothers and children were selected. The mothers were defined by MetS criteria, and then the children were classified into the following three groups in accordance to the mothers' MetS; children whose mothers had none, 1-2, and 3 or more components of MetS. All dietary data were evaluated using the data from a food frequency questionnaire. The mean age was $42.6{\pm}4.2$ years for the mothers, and $14.9{\pm}2.0$ years for the children. Children whose mothers had 3 or more components of MetS showed a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and higher level of fasting triglyceride; conversely, they showed a lower level of serum HDL-cholesterol compared to the other two groups. Regarding an agreement of food consumption between the mothers and children, most food groups showed high agreement, except in the category of beverages. Regarding the dietary habits and family meals, children whose mothers had 3 or more components of MetS were more likely to skip breakfast and less likely to have family meals at breakfast or snack. In conclusion, the children's metabolic risk factors and dietary factors were different with respect to the status of mothers' MetS. Further studies are necessary to examine the causal effect of family environment in children's health status.