• 무역학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.113-138
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• 2018

본 연구는 중국의 화장품 인증제도가 한국의 수출업체들에게 중국시장 진출에 있어 비관세장벽으로서 어떻게 작동하는지 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 중국은 한국 화장품 수출의 최대 시장으로서 중국의 자국 산업 보호 정책은 대중(對中)화장품 수출업체에게 진입장벽이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중국 수입화장품 인증제도의 규정에 대한 분석을 통해 ①정보유출 ②중복검사 ③시간지연의 문제점이 있음을 밝혀내었다. 아울러 대중(對中)화장품 수출업체를 대상으로 설문조사 및 인터뷰를 시행함으로 도출된 문제점을 실증하였다. 결론적으로 중국의 화장품 인증제도는 중국 화장품 산업을 보호할 뿐만 아니라, 산업의 육성을 위해 수입화장품의 시장진입을 방해하는 비관세장벽으로 활용되고 있다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.388-398
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 전기요금 절감용 ESS를 활용한 Particle swarm optimization(PSO) 기반 Peak shaving 제어 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방식은 실제 부하와 예상되는 부하의 소비를 비교하여 피크 절감을 위해 ESS의 추가 유효전력값을 계산하여 입력을 더한다. 또한 추가로 증가시킨 유효전력을 보상하기 위해, 유효전력을 할당하는 과정을 수행하며 유효전력 할당치가 피크 부하에 영향을 주지 않도록 유효전력 할당 지점에 예상되는 부하의 평균을 최소화하는 최적화 해를 PSO를 통해 찾는다. 제안한 방식의 성능 검증을 위해 실제 부하 데이터와 예측 알고리즘을 반영하여 예측 오차가 적은 경우와 큰 경우의 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 사례 연구 수행 결과 제안한 방식을 전기요금 절감을 위한 충·방전 제어 방식과 같이 수행한 경우 예측 오차가 큰 경우에도 성공적으로 피크 부하 절감을 수행하였으며, 17.8%의 피크 부하 절감 효과와 6.02%의 전기요금 절감 효과를 보였다.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-53
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• 2019

I employ search-and-matching to a multi-country and multi-sector Ricardian model with input-output linkages, trade in intermediate goods, and sectoral heterogeneity, in order to quantify the welfare effects from tariff changes. The paper shows that labor market frictions can be a source of comparative advantage in the sense that better labor market conditions contribute to lower cost in production. Labor market frictions play a critical role in determining the probability of exporting goods to trading partners, and interact with bilateral trade share, price, expenditures, etc. Unemployment and changes in unemployment rates due to tariff reductions contribute welfare changes across countries, implying that welfare effects based on quantitative trade models with full-employment are likely to be biased. I confirm the biased welfare effects by revisiting Caliendo and Parro (2015), who conduct an analysis of the welfare effects from the NAFTA from 1993 to 2005. I show that the welfare gap between theirs and mine has a positive correlation with changes in observed unemployment rates across countries. With the constructed model, I further conduct counterfactual exercises by asking what would happen if China's tariffs remain unchanged from 2006 to 2015. It turns out that there are mild welfare effects to trading partners in the world trading system.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2021

The HS Convention is an agreement on the harmonized commodity description and coding system enacted by the World Customs Organization in January 1988 to promote international trade and unify the commodity classification systems internationally, and the seventh revision will take effect in January 2022. This study's main purpose is to consider criteria for classifying unmanned autonomous transport systems(UATS) in accordance with Section 17 of the HS nomenclature and to present recommendations for improvement of laws related to tariff classification which may be used to amend related laws in Korea. Currently, there are no provisions within the HS Nomenclature that classify unmanned autonomous transportation systems and equipments. Although such technologies have yet to be commercially deployed, they are being actively developed globally. Thus, this study aims to classify UATS and suggest appropriate amendments to the new edition of the HS Nomenclature and Korean law. This paper examines advance ruling cases from domestic and foreign HS classification under the revision of the HS Convention and the criteria for the classification of UATS and Domestic Korean and foreign classification case studies were investigated, along with a survey of the literature on UATS, in order to derive reasonable tariff classification criteria and present legislative implications. In conclusion, this study aims to provide legislative recommendations for how to improve the system to apply the revisions to the HS Convention to the domestic Korean statutes.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.225-249
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• 2015

우리나라 전력시장에서도 보다 선진화된 요금체계가 도입되어야 한다는 관점에서 가정부문에서의 선택적 전력요금제 도입이 논의되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고정요금제, 실시간 요금제(RTP), 계시별 요금제(TOU)를 도입하였을 때의 효과를 분석하기 위해 행위자기반모형을 구축하였다. 시간대별 전력소비 유형이 다른 행위자를 설정하였으며, 전력수요와 전력가격을 연동시키기 위해 발전부문도 모형에 도입하였다. 분석 결과, 소비자 유형이 피크부하 때 덜 사용하는 경우에는 실시간 요금제인 RTP나 TOU를 택했을 때의 비용절감 효과가 컸으며, 특히 스마트 계량기 등을 이용하여 전력사용 시간을 최적화할 수 있는 경우에는 그 편익이 더욱 증가한 것으로 나타나 향후 스마트 전력소비를 위한 인프라 구축이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.589-616
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• 2016

The reviewing of an analysis of the Korea-China FTA due to guidance introduced for the new regulations or exceptional regulations compared to the KORUS, Korea-EU, Korea-ASEAN FTA. Commodity sectors in the Korea-China FTA and the KORUS, Korea-EU, Korea-ASEAN FTA(the majority in the country and trade criteria analysis result) compared and analyzed the results, rules of origin and the customs clearance procedures of origin, preferential tariff rate of origin and the origin preferential specific rules are somewhat difference, but customs and trade facilitation regulations are already quite consistent with the Korea customs system. Relatively important research results were as follows. First, the calculation of the regional value content in KORCHINA FTA is that I'm to use the deduction method can comprehensively reflect a regional value ratio, with respect to the materials acquired originating status as the FTA in the US and EU use the product non it's not to consider the value of the originating materials originating materials can be utilized for intermediate goods. Second, even if a non-treaty country in the middle with the exception of direct transport rules, and acknowledge the country of origin are under customs control, there are provisions for the period are temporarily stored in a non-treaty countries separately, that period goods imported into the non-treaty countries and up to three months from the day. If the situation of the occurrence of force majeure be greater than three months, but has so exceed six months. Third, the materials acquired originating status in the Korea-China FTA not to consider the value of non-originating materials used in its products as the KORUS FTA and Korea-EU FTA, that can be utilized originating materials for intermediate goods. It is expected that higher utilization of rules of origin. Meanwhile, Korea-China FTA has provisions to allow requests for preferential tariff applied on imports Customs declaration of intention to apply pre-condition for a preferential tariff applied to the importer. In other words, if the import customs tariff preference when applying post-intention not to advance is to be noted that any preferential treatment to prevent the later application.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2021

This study analyzes the economic effect through the use of the RCEP direct transport rules, and suggests the necessacity of logistics efficiency and policy alternatives. The advantage of the hub network has been widely applied to the international logistics system, but there is a limit in the FTA logistics system in which goods must be directly transported between two contracting parties. Therefore, based on the new RCEP direct transport rules and the theoretical review on the possibility of an FTA logistics hub, FTA logistics efficiency improvement is estimated. This study quantitatively estimated the economic effect of direct transportation, unlike the previous studies, which were limited to the analysis of judicial precedents or surveys. GTAP model was used through five scenarios according to the impact of the RCEP tariff cut and the FTA logistics hub establishment in Singapore or Korea. As a result of the analysis, Korea's trade volume increased by 0.38% of exports and 1.63% of imports, and RCEP would increase exports by 0.27% and imports by 0.42%. In particular, the establishment of an FTA logistics hub (0.71%) was found to have a greater effect on the improvement of terms of trade than a tariff cut (0.12%), confirming the necessity of establishing an FTA logistics hub in RCEP. As a policy proposal, the institutional support of the customs authorities for the use of RCEP, the expansion of the free trade area where BWT traded cargo can be stored, and the establishment of a system for issuing back-to-back certificates of origin with approved exporters.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.95-116
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• 2009

Korea-Us FTA negotiation started in February 2006 with a view to overcoming those uncertainties in the global market and was finally concluded in April, 2007. The Agreement was officially signed between ministers two month later and it is expected to be ratified this year even though the process is most likely to be painful in both countries by the political resistances. For the new President of the United States, effective leadership will depends largely on how to encourage domestic industries such as Automobile industry and Iron and Steel industry from the financial crisis. Many trading partners of US worry about US foreign trade policy changes to protectionism that might be unequal to bear. Korea textile industry is one of the major industry in Korea as it occupies 15% of total number of manufacturers, 11% of total employment and 5% of national GDP. Korea-US FTA will provide a breakthrough for bouncing back by exploring new market. US agreed to remove all tariff and non-tariff barriers to 87% of textile items under trading. This study shows that Korean textile industry has been losing it's competitiveness as textile quota system abolished in the year 2005 and has been traced by pursuers such as China, India and Vietnam. In case of woven fabric which was a representing export item of Korea lost price competitiveness against China after 2005. This study seeks the strategy of Korea textile industry in the US market by utilizing the capacity of KOTRA offices in US. All possible statistical data obtained in the US were used for analysing the competitiveness. Fabrics and Garments are analysed independently with a view to finding out real trends of textile market in US. This study also suggest Korea's textile industry strategic ideas obtained from the potential buyers to show the way to penetrate into US market.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2019

Recently, the United States and China have declared a 25% retaliatory tariff for the partner country products of 50 billion dollar scale. "Trade war" is getting full swing. Such conflicts between economic powers may spread to Japan like the domino phenomenon following the EU (European Union) and become bigger in the global trade war. As a result, Korea has an economic system with a high degree of external dependence, and there is an expert's analysis that it will become the largest victim of the global trade war. If the WTO Dispute Settlement Authority approves this US 301 retaliation measure in the same way as the past case (US-EU hormone-treated beef imports), the United States will not import any Chinese imported products Chinese products) can be imposed. If the US launches a special 301 or super 301, which is stronger than the regular 301, then China is very likely to enforce US retaliation against it, and the trade war between the two countries could become a reality. This phenomenon is likely to have a negative impact on Korean companies. In particular, Korea, which is highly reliant on intermediate goods exports to China, is expected to suffer a great deal of damage. Therefore, Korea needs flexible response at home and abroad, it is necessary to enhance the autonomy of companies and protect export industries. Adjusting corporate tax rate as well as domestic industry height will be one way. The long-term (21 months) trade war between the United States and China has resulted in economic uncertainty. The resulting damage must be compensated. It is necessary to prepare the compensation through the economic council between countries. In the future, the punitive damage compensation system should be introduced.

• 정보학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.95-112
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• 2005

This paper will look into the Main Substance and Some Problems of 24 hours Advance Cargo Manifest Declaration Rule, focuses on the Policy implication of Korea's and counter measures of our parties concerned about 24-hour advance vessel manifest rule. The 24-hour rule requires cargo owners to submit cargo manifest information to U.S. Customs 24 hours before vessel sailing from the final foreign port to a U.S. port. Cargo manifest information must be complete, accurate, and timely. As of February 2, 2003 manifest information can be submitted by paper or electronically. Cargo descriptions must be at a level of detail consistent with Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) codes used by U.S. Customs. HTS codes are 10 digits. Electronic submissions are made via the Automated Manifest System (AMS) run by U.S. Customs.