• Title/Summary/Keyword: Korea's Power Policy

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Analysis of Dollarization Hysteresis among North Korean Consumers

  • Jooyung Lee
    • East Asian Economic Review
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.279-304
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    • 2022
  • This paper quantitatively analyzes the current status of North Korean consumer payment instruments through a questionnaire survey of 292 North Korean defectors. In the 2010s, it was found that the payment experience ratio of domestic currency cash and grain decreased, while the payment experience ratio of foreign currency cash increased. The use of foreign currency reached a stage where it was spread not only as a store of value but also as a medium of exchange. However, the most frequently used payment instrument by North Korean consumers was still domestic currency cash. By region, in inland urban areas both domestic currency cash and U.S. dollars are used and in the North Korea-China border region both domestic currency cash and Chinese yuan are used, while in inland rural areas dollarization does not occur because both domestic currency cash and grain are used. Meanwhile, despite the stable price trend during 2013-2019, the dollarization hysteresis effect is appearing, and both the purchasing power risk theory and the network externality theory are considered to have explanatory power for the cause. The results of this paper suggest that as dollarization is intensifying, it is expected that more costs such as shortages of commodities will be incurred than in the past if North Korea's de-dollarization policy is reimplemented. Also, in the case of domestic currency cards, which the North Korean authorities introduced in 2015 as part of a means of financial reform, this paper suggests that it may continue to be difficult for domestic currency cards to normalize official finance under the dollarization hysteresis.

Co-author.Keyword Network and its Two Culture Appearance in Health Policy Fields in Korea: Analysis of articles in the Korean Journal of Health Policy and Administration, 1991~2006 (국내 보건학 분야 학술활동의 군집화와 '두 문화' 현상 - 보건행정학회지(1991~2006) 게재논문의 공저자 네트워크 분석 -)

  • Jung, Min-Soo;Chung, Dong-Jun
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.86-106
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    • 2008
  • This research analyzed. knowledge structure and its effect factor by analysis of co-author and keyword network in Korea's health policy and administration sector. The data was extracted from 339 articles listed in the Korean Journal of Health Policy and Administration, and was transformed into a co-author and keyword matrix. In this matrix the existence of a link was defined by impact factors which were calculated by the weight value of what the role was and the rate of how many authors contributed. We demonstrated that the research achievement was dependent on the author's status and network index. Analysis methods were neighborhood degree, correspondence analysis, multiple regression and the difference of weight distribution by research fields. Co-author networks were developed as closeness centrality as well as degree centrality by a few high productivity researchers. In particular, power law distribution was discovered in impact factor and research productivity. The effect of the author's role was significant in both the impact factor calculated by the participatory rate and the number of listed articles. Especially, this journal shared its major researchers who had a licensed physician with the Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Therefore, social scientists were likely to be small co-author network differently from natural scientists. It was so called 'two cultures' phenomenon. This study showed how can we verified academic research structure existed in the unit of journal like as citation networks. The co-author networks in the field of health policy and administration had more differentiated and clustered than preventive medicine and epidemiology fields.

A Study on the University Restructuring Policy in Convergence Society: from the Perspective of Habermas's Communicative Action (융복합 사회에서 대학구조개혁정책에 관한 연구: 하버마스의 의사소통행위이론 관점으로)

  • An, Kwan-Su;Lee, Eun-Young
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.13 no.8
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    • pp.439-447
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    • 2015
  • The objectives of this study were to discuss policy for university restructuring from the viewpoint of Habermas' theory of communicative action in Covergence Society, and to provide implications for university restructuring policy in Korea. This study was conducted as a literature review, it discussed the university restructuring policy in Korea, the meaning of Habermas' theory of communicative action, and its implications for university restructuring policy. The main concept of Habermas' theory of communicative action is mutual understanding, and the theory perceives society as systems and lifeworld. Lifeworld pursues communicative rationality. University restructuring in Korea should be promoted through communication between the government and university members rather than through the forced distribution of money by state power.

The Geopolitics of Chinese Overseas Investment in Ports Under the 'One Belt One Road' Initiatives ('일대일로' 이니셔티브하의 중국 해외항만투자의 지정학적 접근)

  • Lee, Choong-Bae
    • Korea Trade Review
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.285-299
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    • 2019
  • The 'One Belt One Road (OBOR)' initiative, which was promulgated as part of the enlargement policy along with the advent of Xi Jinping in 2013, is a policy to expand China's political and economic power externally through linkages with neighboring countries. China's overseas port investment plays an important role in the promotion of the 'OBOR' policy from the coast of China through maritime transportation routes from S.E Asia to Mediterranean and Europe. Since China's overseas port investment has been made from several factors such as political, economic, and military motives, it differs in purpose and character from investments made by private companies, such as Global Port Operators(GTO) which consider profitability first. This study aims to address future prospects and implications by analyzing the geopolitics of China's overseas port investment under the 'One Belt One Road' initiative. According to the results, China's overseas port investment is dominated by state-owned enterprises and political and security factors are more important than profitability. China's overseas port investment has been on a large scale in a short period of time, and China has faced with various problems both domestically and internationally. such as debt default, environmental problems, subordination problems from recipient countries and political and military confrontation with great countries such as United States, Japan and India etc.

A Study on the Motivating Factors for Nuclear Development in the Kim Jong-un Era (2011-2017)

  • Deog-Sung Jung;Yong-Hyun Kim
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.281-285
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    • 2024
  • Within five years of Kim Jong-un's rise to power, North Korea conducted four nuclear tests and launched the Hwasong-15, an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), in 2017, declaring the completion of its nuclear forces. During the period when Kim Jong-un completed nuclear forces to maintain the regime, foreign policy factors of the United States, China, Russia, and South Korea drove North Korea's accelerated nuclear development. The main motivating factors were the hostile policies and external threats as security factors. The completion of nuclear forces is also the result of the interplay of domestic political factors, normative factors, and hereditary factors. North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons and missiles for the survival of its regime. To achieve lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula, a new modus vivendi must be sought. It is necessary to set the ultimate goal of North Korea's complete denuclearization and engage in strategic thinking for a realistic and effective phased approach.

Mid- and Long-term Forecast of Forest Biomass Energy in South Korea, and Analysis of the Alternative Effects of Fossil Fuel (한국의 산림바이오매스에너지 중장기 수요-공급전망과 화석연료 대체효과 분석)

  • Lee, Seung-Rok;Han, Hee;Chang, Yoon-Seong;Jeong, Hanseob;Lee, Soo Min;Han, Gyu-Seong
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2022
  • This study analyzed the anticipated supply-and-demand of forest biomass energy (through wood pellets) until 2050, in South Korea. Comparing the utilization rates of forest resources of five countries (United Kingdom, Germany, Finland, Japan, and S. Korea), it was found that S. Korea does not nearly utilize its forest resources for energy purposes. The total demand for wood pellets in S. Korea (based on a power generation efficiency of 38%) was predicted to be 3,629 and 4,371 thousand tons in 2034 and 2050, respectively. The anticipated total wood pellet power generation ratio to target power consumption is 1.13% (5,745 GWh), 1.17% (6,336 GWh), and 1.25% (7,631 GWh) in 2020, 2030, and 2050, respectively. Low value-added forest residues left unattended in forests are called "Unused Forest Biomass" in S. Korea. From the analysis, the total annual potential amount of raw material, sustainably collectible amount, and available amount of wood pellet in 2050 were estimated to be 6,877, 4,814, and 3,370 thousand tons, respectively. The rate of contribution to Nationally Determined Contributions was up to 0.64%. Through this study, the authors found that forest biomass energy will contribute to a carbon neutral society in the near future at the national level.

Globalization and Critical Review for the Korean Welfare State (세계화와 한국 사회복지의 비판적 검토)

  • Kim, Yung-Whoa;Lee, Ogg-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.39
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    • pp.74-102
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    • 1999
  • The integrated global economic system have intensed Liberalization, dereguration, privatization. National states were subordinated in global economic system. To save social costs and to encourage the national competition power, the globalized market tends to reduce the domestic social expention. Truely anxious things are not the defectiveness of capitalism itself but neo-liberal measures of each national states. So neo-liberal globalization beat welfare states. Welfare and growth, accumulation and justice are inter-conflict elements, and these confliction is well explained in context of globalization. Stratigies of growth pursuing economic benefits subordinate social policy in economic policy. Globalization did not always reduce the power of national state, but each national states purposely reduce the power of state and state participations. Thus Globalization can be overcome and must be overcome, eventually, the history of social welfare in korea differ frome that of European states. Their's social welfare retrenchment have based on the excessly expeneded welfare provision, but the frame of social welfare in korea is not yet established in history. Fundamentally historic experiences between European and korean social welfare are different. So "the third way" in korea must be in carefull approaches and the social welfare policy in korea must purchase "anti-market policy" and the equal distribution.

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A Study on Privacy Protection in Financial Mydata Policy through Comparison of the EU's PSD2 (유럽 PSD2 시행에 따른 금융분야 마이데이터 정책의 개인정보보호 강화 방안 연구)

  • Song, Mi-Jung;Kim, In-Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.1205-1219
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    • 2019
  • As the ability to use data becomes competitive power in the data-driven economy, the effort to create economic value by using personal data is emphasized as much as to protect personal data. EU's PSD2(the second Payment Service directive) became the initiative of the Open Banking trends all over the world, as it is the Mydata policy which protects the data subject's right by empowering the subject to control over the personal data with the right to data portability and promotes personal data usages and transfer. Korean government is now fast adopting EU's PSD2 in financial sector, but there is growing concerns in personal data abuse and misuse, and data breach. This study analyzes domestic financial Mydata policy in comparison with EU's PSD2 and focus on Personal information life-cycle risks of financial Mydata policy. Some suggestions on how to promote personal information and privacy in domestic financial Mydata Policy will be given.

A Study of Relationship between Changing of Sea Power and Maritime Conflicts of the Korean Peninsula (해양력 변화와 한반도 해양분쟁 발생의 상관관계 연구 - 해양국력과 동맹전이이론의 타당성 검증을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Young-Sik
    • Strategy21
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    • s.36
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    • pp.180-214
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    • 2015
  • The Republic of Korea navy challenged from the unexpected surprise attacks by the North Korea navy, albeit, the developments of up-to-date naval forces' technology, and the ceaseless efforts for war preparedness. My study divided into two categories. Qualitative methods used for literature review of international relations theory related to the war onset and for investigating events occurred on the Peninsula and its surrounding seas from 1968 to 2007. Quantitative method used such as the analyses of national power index of the two Koreas, the United States, and China, the uses of equation model to calculate power index of alliance, COPDAB(Conflict and Peace Data Bank) index analysis. Like Choi's study on East Asia maritime conflict, as a conclusion, considering both AT theory and maritime national power as a tool for predicting maritime conflict in the Peninsula proved significant. Based on the study, ROK navy need to prepare for the maritime conflict because the results showed North Korea would initiate maritime disputes sooner or later using fatal asymmetric forces and methods. As a policy suggestion, we are required to maintain a concrete ROK-US alliance ties and to construct naval forces due to the deterring functions of maritime national power.

Energy-Efficient Base Station Operation in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

  • Nguyen, Hoang-Hiep;Pham, Ngoc-Thai;Hwang, Won-Joo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.158-159
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    • 2012
  • Heterogeneous cellular networks can provide high throughput and coverage compare to conventional networks of only macrocell deployment, however it operates regardless of total power consumption, which is a very important issue of modern cellular networks. We propose a policy that control the on/off state of base stations in heterogeneous networks according daily traffic profile. Under this policy, the total power consumed can be significantly reduced when the traffic is low while preserving QoS requirement.

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