• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1989

Rapid socio-cultural and economic changes in the country has brought with it changes in the society's value system. For a traditional society that is increasingly being exposed to modernization but where sex norms are still very restrictive, the adolescent sexual mores takes on added significance. Adolescents are caught between two opposing forces, the changing environment that allows for freer and liberal mores and the traditional society that cannot keep pace with the changing environment and therefore demands resistance to changes. This paper focuses on problems of adolescent sexuality in this country and considers the countermeasures for the existing problems. Amongst the problems are: (a) increasingly younger age of the adolescents who start sexual intercourse (b) non-use of contraception, (c) unwanted pregnancies, (d) increase in the number of induced abortion and (e) increase in the number of unwanted children and unmarried mothers. The Korean adolescent's sexual behavior seems to follow that of the developed countries. In other words, many western modes of life and sexual values seem to bave been copied in Korea and yet Korean adolescents lack in their knowledge of sex related matters such as reproductive physiology and contraception. Among middle and high school students, female students are reported to have less knowledge on sex than male students according to a 1988 survey by KIPH. Even among the unmarried famale factory workers, only 42.5 percent replied they know of the condom, and 25.1 percent and 23.1 percent said they had knowledge of spermicide and menstrual regulation respectively. However, 14.9 percent and 13.9 percent reported that they had a knowledge of the loop and female sterilization respectively according to the 1984 study by KIPH. Among the middle school students 0.8 percent said they had experience in sexual intercourse, while 7.3 percent of the high school students reported having had sexual intercourse. The sexual intercourse experience rate among the unmarried female factory workers is 37.8 percent. Among those female factory workers with sexual experience, 46.7 percent had more than one sex partners. Only 39.1 percent of male students and 18.9 percent of female students among those with sexual intercourse experience have used contraceptives. mostly condoms and oral pills 45.1 percent of female factory workers with sexual intercourse experience used contraceptives such as pills, condoms and rhythm methods. The pregnancy experience rate among the female factory workers who had experience in sexual intercourse is 29.5 percent, which is 11.1 percent among the total respondents. Out of the 102 pregnant female workers, 98 workers(96.1 percent) terminated their pregnancy by induced abortion and 2 workders(2 percent) in natural abortion, while 1 worker(1 percent) was in pregnancy and another 1 worker had normal birth that was subsequently sent to orphanage. In order to cope with the problem of adolescent sexuality, a drastic and strong policy measures should be taken by the government. The most effective countermeasure to the adolescent sexual problems appears to the education. The sex and population education in the school is very much in need. In addition, sex education program through mass media and at the job sit-should be promoted for a healthy development of adolescents' sexual behavior. Also, the existing national family planning program, which has focused on the married couples, should be extended to the unmarried people in its scope and contents of the program.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the difference of sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of college students who fulfilled military service and those who did not, for providing basic data for developing nursing interventions for the college students. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. The subjects of this study were 3,741 male college students. Data were collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from November to December 2007. The sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior measurement tool was used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and chi-square test. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) There was a statistically significant difference in sexual knowledge of contraception / abortion(p = .002, t = 3.16), venereal disease(p = .006, t = .2.73), sexual attitude of sexual behavior(p = .002; t = 3.13) and sexual double think(p = .047, t = 1.98) according to military service 2) There was a statistically significant difference in sexual behavior experience frequency of 9 items(friendship with opposite sex, kiss / embracing, petting, porno magazine / porno video contact, masturbation, sexual intercourse via anus, sexual intercourse via mouth, cause pregnancy, cause abortion: p < .000, $x^2$ = 39.47; p < .000, $x^2$ = 55.88; p < .000, $x^2$ = 46.76; p = .034, $x^2$ = 6.77; p = .017, $x^2$ = 12.05; p = .003, $x^2$ = 14.24; p < .000, $x^2$ = 47.70; p < .000, $x^2$ = 23.86; p < .000, $x^2$ = 21.84) respectively according to military service. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that sexual knowledge, attitudes and behavior differ before and after the experience of military service, so further study for detecting military sex culture character effecting difference in sex knowledge, attitudes and behavior is needed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1984

The Family Planning Project as a birthcontrol policy has been enthusiastically carried out by the government since 1962. But gradually it get less enthusiastic. Therefore, it is required to establish a more comprehensive and systematic plan and to carry out it thoroughly. And it is needless to say that people's knowledge about family planning, their attitudes and their practice should be concretly comprehended. Taking these things into consideration, this study surveys the general situation on family planning among 237 married women of less than 34 years in Guro 6-dong, one of target areas for Korea University Health Project from Sep. 17, 1984 to Oct. 13, 1984. The results are as follows; 1) Most of the subjects (62.8%) want 2 children and 13.6% want one child. But son-preference consciousness is remarkably revealed among them, which is thought to cause social inequality between man and woman. Therefore, it needs to change the traditional son-preference convention, for equality of all men regardless of sex. 2) The rate of induced abortion experience by person is 61.6% and the average frequency is 1.4. Almost all the induced abortion are carried out at clinics and hospitals during 2~3 months after conception. To prevent these unnecessary conception and induced abortion in view of maternal health, ethics and economics, proper contraceptive measures should be emphasized. 3) Temporary contraceptives should be sold more widely in the basis of free trade in order to practice the intensive and comprehensive family planning because the degree which Health Center has been utilized for buying temporary contraceptives is low. 4) There are serious problems such as the side effects and the lack of follow up care in permanent contraceptives. Those lower the practice rate of permanent contraception. Therefore it is necessary to improve the quality of permanent contraception practice and strengthen the follow-up care.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify core keywords and topic groups in the "adolescent pregnancy" field of research for a better understanding of research trends in the past 10 years. Methods: Topics related to adolescent pregnancy were extracted from 3,819 articles that were published in journals between January 2013 and July 2023. Abstracts were retrieved from five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, RISS, and KISS). Keywords were extracted from the abstracts and cleaned using semantic morphemes. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.3.3. Results: The most important keywords were "health," "woman," "risk," "group," "girl," "school," "service," "family," "program," and "contraception." Five topic groups were identified through topic modeling. Through the topic modeling analysis, five themes were derived: "health service," "community program for school girls," "risks for adult women," "relationship risks," and "sexual contraceptive knowledge." Conclusion: This study utilized text network analysis and topic modeling to analyze keywords from abstracts of research conducted over the past decade on adolescent pregnancy. Given that adolescent pregnancy leads to physical, mental, social, and economic issues, it is imperative to provide integrated intervention programs, including prenatal/postnatal care, psychological services, proper contraception methods, and sex education, through school and community partnerships, as well as related research studies. Nurses can play a vital role by actively engaging in prevention efforts and directly supporting and educating socially disadvantaged adolescent mothers, which could significantly contribute to improving their quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.159-174
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• 1971

The Family Planning Program has teen intensively implemented in Korea by the national policy since 1962. However, the desired effective results were not fully obtained by many reasons such as the shortage of qualified workers, lack of eligible women's cooperation and understanding of the importance of family planning etc., The field family planning workers is classified into two categories along the governmental personnel order; the senior field worker and the assistant field worker. The former is qualified licensed nurse and the latter same as the former of a certified nurses-aid. These family planning worker's roles are somewhat in change not only in field education, distribution of contraceptions, administrating mother's class of assistant field workers but also responsible for the senior field workers such as recording, reporting and keeping statistics. Therefor, the desired success of family planning programming in Korea depends on family planning worker's professional abilities and activities in the field. In aiming to study on professional knowledge of the above two kinds of family planning workers, the following results were obtained through a field survey with question airs done as of October, 1970 in Kyonggi-Do. 1. Working term of the family planning workers in average were less than two years. The younger the assistant Field workers were, the earlier they left job. 2. The assistant field workers selected their job in order to the superficial rather than implementing job itself. 3. Most of the workers either in the health center or in the Up-Myun had a better understanding concerning with their job ; contraceptive methods, maintenance of equipment and drug keeping, and other administrative procedures, etc., 4. They had relatively better understanding and sufficient knowledge about contraception itself and application of it's methods and side effects in detail too, but less knowledges for the care after. 5. It was hard to Find out any differences in administrative knowledge and demographic understanding. 5. It is fully agreed upon that the longer the worker have experienced with the program, the more skilful she applied. 7. The worker who had training whether pre-service or insertive are working more effectively than the untrained. 8. The fundamental demographic knowledge is recommended to obtain for the workers in Kyonggi-Do.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine association of contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy among unmarried women in their 30s and 40s. Methods: With a survey design, data were collected from 119 unmarried women in their 30s and 40s in G city of Korea from September 2017 to March 2018. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were $8.97{\pm}2.22$, $18.54{\pm}5.57$, and $45.84{\pm}6.90$, respectively. Contraceptive self-efficacy was negatively correlated with sexual double standard. Factors influencing contraceptive self-efficacy were sexual double standard (${\beta}=-.26$, p=.003), existence of boyfriend (${\beta}=.25$, p=.004), and contraceptive education need for adults (${\beta}=.17$, p=.044). They explained 19% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants. Conclusion: To increase contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s, lowering sexual double standard and developing customized contraceptive education according to age and knowledge level are needed. Research on factors related to contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s from various regions are also needed in the future.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions regarding the use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs) among young Korean women. Method: The study included 14 unmarried women aged 19 to 34 years (mean, 25 years). Data was collected by focus group interviews and an in-depth interview from July to November, 2005. Content analysis was conducted. Result: The four major themes that emerged were control of accessibility, safety concern, lack of knowledge and information, and ambivalence. Control of accessibility: Most of the participants stated a prescription is necessary although they might feel ashamed if they had to ask for an ECP. Safety concerns: Participants thought that taking an ECP would be harmful to their body. Lack of knowledge and information: Most of the participants felt that they did not know enough about ECPs and were willing to learn more. Ambivalence: The participants stated that they would take an ECP when needed and would recommend it to a friend although they were concerned about the risks of ECPs. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest the need for an educational and awareness program to empower women to be able to make informed decisions on ECPs when needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Purpose: Aims of the researchers were to develop an birth control empowerment program (BCEP) designed to help married immigrant women in Korea to plan their pregnancies. Methods: This study was as a randomized controlled trial to verify the effects of the BCEP. The BCEP was developed based on Falk-Rafael (2001)'s Empowerment caring model. The program was offered once a week, for 90 minutes per session, for a total of 10 weeks. The BCEP incorporated group instruction, group discussion, and counseling. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group (n=23) or control group (n=23). Results: Participants in the intervention group had significantly better outcomes in contraceptive knowledge (p<.001), contraceptive self-efficacy (p=.014), perceived contraceptive control (p<.001), sex-related spousal communication (p<.001), and sexual autonomy (p=.009). Conclusion: The BCEP was effective intervention method, which can promote family planning practices among married immigrant women.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.347-351
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• 2011

The testis is major male gonad responsible for spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Much knowledge is still remained to be learned about the control of these events. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on 1,196 mouse testis proteins screened from public protein database. Integrated function and pathway analysis were performed through Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and significant features were clustered. Protein membrane organization and gene density on chromosomes were analyzed and discussed. The enriched bioinformatics analysis could provide clues and basis to the development of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for infertility and male contraception.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1977

In order to find out health problems among inhabitants in slum areas in Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, a series of health survey was conducted upon 510 households by interview from March to December, 1976. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Employments of householders were unstable; Out of 508 householders, 164(32.3%) were unemployed and 184 (36.2%) were daily or temporary employees. 2. Average number of households per house was 2.0 and average area of residential room per person was $4.0m^2$. 3. 476(93.3%) out of 510 households were supplied with tap water and rest of them made use of ground water as a source of drinking water. 4. Only 279(18.3%) out of 1527 live births were delivered at medical facilities, 496(32.7%) were at home attended by doctors or midwives and 358(25.1%) took prenatal care. The above findings were worse in urban slum area than in other urban area of relatively high economic level, but were better than in rural area of less medical facilities. 5. Initiation of treatment were delayed until their illnesses were advanced in most of the households, 472(92.5%) out 510. In the early stage of the illness, 131(25.6%) of the house-holds sought physicians in their clinics or general hospitals and 250 (40.9%) visited chemists, to toy drugs at first hand. Frequency of visits to physician increased to 52.8% as the disease aggravated in later stages. 6. Cost of medical expenditure per household amounted to 815 won, and was paid to, in the order of chemists, physicians, chinese herb stores, chinese herb doctors. 7. Concerning the health knowledge of the inhabitants, 273(53.9%) out of 506 respondents were aware of the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 68(13.4%) of them checked regularly their chest findings by X-ray at least once every two years. 8. As for the family planning, although 448(87.3%) out of 510 respondents were in favor of it, 215 (41.8%) of them were actually practicing contraception. 9. About 40.6% (125 respondents) of them obtained information and knowledge concerning contraception through personal contact with family planning workers. 10. Nutritional status of housewives was generally poor: 49(38.3%) out of 128 housewives were found to be anemic and average serum protein level was $7.5{\pm}0.82g/dl$.