• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2004

The education effect of environmental impact cognitive instruction on high school students was investigated. Environmental values of students could be classified into egocentric, social-altruistic and biospheric values like those of Schultz’s three kinds of categories. The value distribution of students consists 44.7% of egocentric and biospheric value groups and 12.5% of social-altruistic value group, respectively. The environmental function such as knowledge and skill did not show remarkable differences between value groups. The environmental value only affected the attitude function. The biospheric value group had the higher attitude function than other value groups. The environmental impact cognitive instruction enhanced the environmental functions irrespective of the value group or instruction type. However, significant variables were different according to environmental functions. Environmental functions such as knowledge and skill were influenced by the instruction itself. The attitude function was dependent on instruction itself, value type and instruction type. The optimum application of the environmental impact cognitive instruction can be efficiently achieved through class division into egocentric value group and biospheric value group. Alternatively, the proper combination of instruction methods focused biospheric and egocentric impacts in a class can be recommended.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

최근 도시의 밀집화, 다양화, 대형화에 따라 소방산업은 첨단소방기술이 요구되어지고 있어 점차 생산집약형 산업에서 지식기반산업으로 전환이 시도 되어지고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 소방산업을 지식기반형 고부가가치 산업으로 육성시키기 위해서는 산업혁신역량이 요구되며, 산업혁신역량은 인적자원의 경쟁력에 의해 크게 좌우된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소방산업 인력을 단순현장기능인력, 고급기술인력, 전문연구인력으로 세 가지로 분류하여 국내 소방산업 인력양성 현황을 살펴보고, 각 분류에 따른 인력양성에 대한 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한간호
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.59-72
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• 1994

This study was conducted to identify an initial clinical experience of nursing students, so to better understanding to students' experience in clinical setting. The study subjects were 39 nursing students working in C department of nursing in C city. This study was approached by phenomenological method, collected data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method. The results were followed. From the protocol, 236 significant statements were organized into 56 formulated meanings. From formulated meanig, 27 themes were identified, organized into 13 theme clusters, and then into 6 categories. Theose nursing students experienced $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$tension$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$ in adjusting themselves to new clinical settings, $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$fear and anxiety$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$ in using unskillful nursing skills. They also went through $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$stress> by difficulties in applying their knowledge and skill to nursing practice, in lack of nursing knowledge and skill, in dealing with making interpersonal relationship with clinical staffs, in insufficiency of clinical instructions and in role ambiguity among nursing students. Physical $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$fatigue$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$ and $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$disappointment and doubt$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$ by the difference between reality and expectation caused by clinical experience. However, clinical experience enabled nursing students to enhance their understanding of human beings, learning, their satisfaction. to nursing practice, to identify the confirmation of nursing identity, so to gain $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$sense of accomplishment$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$. The results of this study are to use as basic data for students attending clinical experience for the first time.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.228-239
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• 1999

In 1990 Home Care Education Programs started when legislation established certification for Home Care Nurses. The Ministry of Health and Welfare proposed a home care education curriculum which has 352 class hours and 248 hours of 'family nursing and practice'. Though Home Care Education Programs have been offered in 11 home care educational institutes, there has been no formal revision for the home care education programs. Also a first and second home care demonstration projects have been carried out, but there has been no research on outcomes for home care education as applied in home care practice. The purposes of this study were to identify the important content areas for home care nursing as perceived by home care nurses, and to identify their clinical competence in each of these areas, and from these to identify the education needs. The sample was 107 home care nurses who were working in home care demonstration hospitals and community-based institutions which have been offering home care services. Responses were received from 88 nurses, comprising a 82.2% return rate, and 86 were included in the final analysis. The instrument used was a modification of the instrument developed by Caie-Lawrence et(1995) and Moon's(1991) instrument on home care knowledge. The instrument's Cronbach's coefficient was 0.982. Among the respondents, 64% were working at home care demonstration hospitals and 36% were working at community-based institutions. Their home care experiences were from one month to six years, with a mean of 20.6 months. The importance rating for home care education content was 3.42 0.325, which means importance was rated relatively high. Technical aspects of home care were identified the most important. Five items 'education skill', 'counseling skill', 'interview skill', 'wound care skill', 'bed sore care skill' received 100% importance ratings. The competency rating was 2.87 0.367 and 'technical aspects of home care' was the highest, and 'application to home care skill' was the lowest. Home care nurses' education needs were identified and compared to the importance ratings and competency ratings. Eleven items were identified as the highest in the importance areas and eleven items were in the lowest competency areas. High importance ratings matched with low competency ratings determined training needs, but there was no matching items in this study. In the lowest competency areas four items were excluded, because of not being applicable in current home care practice. Therefore total eighteen items were identified as home care education needs. These items are 'bed sore care skill', 'malpractice', 'wound care skill', 'general infection control', 'change and management of tracheostomy tubes', 'CVA patient care', 'Hospice care', 'pain management', 'urinary catheterization and management', 'L-tube insertion and managements', 'Respirator use and management skill', 'infant care', 'prevention to burnout', 'child assessment', 'CAPD', 'infant assessment', 'computer literacy', and 'psychiatry patient care'.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1995

Grinding is used for machining high precision parts with high additional value. However, the grinding operation needs high skill and long experience of an operator because of a lack of the scientific knowledge and engineering principles. Also, the wheel and grinding conditions affect grinding results. For these reasons, it is difficult to construct computer integrated manufacturing system(CIMA). Therefore, it is necessary for Expert System to be informed of qualitative knowledge of grinding expert's skills and experiences. In this research, the Grinding Expert System is constructed by Fuzzy Decision Making Algorithm. Using this system, unskilled workers will be able to use the knowledge and experience of an expert.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was to get database of health service for smoking preventing through investigating the smoking status of students and the knowledge, attitude on smoking. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 463 students who were currently enrolled in 1, 2 and 3 grade of 6 high schools located in Ulsan-city. The instruments for this study were smoking knowledge and smoking attitude questionnaire(each 20 items) developed by WHO. Results: Among the students 25.8% answered they had the experience of smoking. The experience of smoking related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to opposite sex friends. Student's knowledge level about smoking prevention is high score to mean get obtain 0.65 out of 1. Smoking prevention knowledge level related to highest score(0.82) were have affect on pregnancy and an unborn child. Smoking prevention knowledge level related to low score(0.19) were get rid of stress. Therefore smoking prevention knowledge high level is non smoker rather than smoker. Student's attitude level about smoking prevention is high score to mean get obtain 2.0 out of 3. Smoking prevention attitude level related to highest score(2.5) were no smoking allowed public area and put a stop smoking to friends. Therefore smoking prevention attitude high level is non smoker rather than smoker. Conclusion: It follows from this study that education for smoking prevention should be continued from lower grade student and sustaining teaching for refusal skill against smoking is needed.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study on education and skill of Basic life Support Training in Middle and High School Students. Methods: The Basic life support training courses are taught mostly by Emergency Medical Technician and Paramedic. Sixty five middle school students, Seventy eight High school students and forty six adult received tuition in Basic life support training and subsequently completed questionnaires, test and interviews to assess their theoretical knowledge regarding their likelihood of performing Basic life support training. Under the supervisor, The subjects were evaluated by comparing basic life support education and skill data collected and the education sessions consisted of a 30min video tape. The Basic life support skill sessions used Laerdal manikin, and the data stored from the HeartSim were collected for further analysis. The students were asked to practice what they had been. A statistical analysis was done using the SPSS version 13. Results: Their average age of middle school students were 15.3±1.2 years, high school students (17.3±1.8), and adults(38.3±2.3). The total of 189 subjects were evaluated. The criteria used in the study had the following results First, We found that middle and high school students scored higher than adult. The scores were statistically significant to teach and evaluate the education evaluation showed that the adults scored lower than the middle and high school students. Second, We found that high school students and adult scored higher than middle school students. The scores were statistically significant to teach and evaluate the skills evaluation showed that the middle school students scored lower than the high school students and adult. Conclusion: We found that middle and high school students were superior to adult counterparts in understanding the basic life support education. We found that high school students and adult scored higher than middle school students in the BLS skill training. An expansion of basic life support training to middle and high school students is demanded. The Basic life support skills training seems to be retained between 6 and 12 months. The basic life support training should included in the school education curriculum in school.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2005

Purpose: The purposes are to identify the factors that influence work-based stressor experienced by clinical nurses and to provide a perceived causal structural model among these factors. Method: Data was collected and analyzed in 2 steps to apply a perceived causal structure : network analysis which was developed by Kelley(1983). Results: 1. The extracted causes from qualitative data were identified 10 categories ; over loaded work, relative feelings of deprived, inefficient duty schedule, negative attitudes of patient, burden of extra affair, inadequate administrative support, negative attitudes of physician, conflict with other personnels in hospital, lack of professional knowledge and skill, nursing service marketing burden. 2. Construction of the perceived causal structural model ; 1) The most central cause is over loaded work and the distal causes were inadequate administrative support, lack of professional knowledge and skill in the systems of causation. 2) The causes that have a number of outgoing link were over loaded work, inadequate administrative support, negative attitudes of physician. 3) The cause that have a number of incoming link was relative feelings of deprived. Conclusion: The network suggests that the first centre cause was related on over loaded work.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2021

Purpose - The break-even point refers to the point where total profit and total cost coincide, and from this point on, the entrepreneur's decision-making takes a different route. Strategic decisions can be made for more efficient operation and eventually for more likelihood for growth and sustainability if a startup figures out when it recoups the investment and switches to a net profit. Design/methodology/approach - 748 creativity and skill-based sole proprietors in manufacturing industry were examined to demonstrate the effect of the entrepreneur's entrepreneurial experience and education level, the business launch preparation time, or the self-financing on the achievement of break-even point. Findings - While the business launch preparation time lowered the likelihood of reaching a break-even point, self-financing increased the likelihood. As a result of further analysis by subdividing into subgroups according to skill level, only the business launch preparation time was statistically significant in the highly skilled industries. In the low skilled industries, in addition to the business launch preparation time, the CEO's education level and the self-financing were statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - The longer the business launch preparation time, the higher the start-up cost, which increases the burden of initial cost recovery, and the agile response to market changes is thereby delayed, resulting in the business idea losing its appeal. Self-financing not only provides stability and strong motivation for the business operation but also promotes careful spending which contributes to the achievement of break-even point. In particular, it is found that practical experience is more useful than theoretical knowledge in low skilled industries. Due to the limitation of secondary data based on the recollection, the time required to reach a break-even point, percentage of financing sources, etc. may include cognitive errors. In addition, variables are not included that explain the characteristics of creativity and skill-based sole proprietorship, so it is necessary to exercise caution with the actual application.

• 대한간호
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

There is an important concern regarding the First-line nurse manager's leadership because of the recognition that effectiveness of Leadership in this position results in benefits for the whole health care organization. So knowledge and practice of effective leadership behavior are now more essential to nursing than ever before. First-line Nurse Managers must be effective leaders to meet today's challenge because staff nurse, patient are affected by them. So the purpose of this study was to identify and to analyse the need for Leadership program of First-Line nurse managers in university hospitals. There were three major purposes of this study. First, identify First-line nurse managers general characteristic, second, identify their experience of leadership training, third, identify and analysis their demands for leadership training program. The subjects for this study was 167 First-line nurse manager randomly from 18 university hospitals in Korea. The data were collected through questionnaires from Oct. 13th to Nov. 20th, 1997, data was analysed using frequencies and percentages. Especially the steps of analysis of descriptions were as follows: Initial analysis centered on the identification of the demands of first-line nurse managers. Later analysis collapsed the demands into broad categories. From the collect data, 283 demands of first-line nurse managers were identified. These demands were then sorted into 3 broad categories that included : Self development as first-line nurse managers, relationship with others, and practice. The result of the study were as follows ; 1) Most of nurse managers(79.6%) had leadership training course and had good experience to improve self leadership. 2) Their demands of leadership training course are as follows First, for self as first-line nurse managers, they want to learn leadership theory, identify their leadership style and then develop their leadership skill. Second, for others as first-line nurse managers, they want to improve their communication skill, empowering others, relationship with others. Third, for patients as first-line nurse managers, improve their knowledge of practice. From the above finding, this study can be suggested the following; 1. Develope a leadership training course to improve first- line nurse manager's leadership skill according to their demands, so they will be better able to lead staff nurses for organization purposes. 2. When develope leadership training program, it must be contained the factors which first-line nurse managers want to learn.