• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2023

RNAs are versatile molecules that are primarily involved in gene regulation and can thus be widely used to advance the fields of therapeutics and diagnostics. In particular, circular RNAs which are highly stable, have emerged as strong candidates for use on next-generation therapeutic platforms. Endogenous circular RNAs control gene regulatory networks by interacting with other biomolecules or through translation into polypeptides. Circular RNAs exhibit cell-type specific expression patterns, which can be altered in tissues and body fluids depending on pathophysiological conditions. Circular RNAs that are aberrantly expressed in diseases can function as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Moreover, exogenous circular RNAs synthesized in vitro can be introduced into cells as therapeutic molecules to modulate gene expression networks in vivo. Depending on the purpose, synthetic circular RNA sequences can either be identical to endogenous circular RNA sequences or artificially designed. In this review, we introduce the life cycle and known functions of intracellular circular RNAs. The current stage of endogenous circular RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets is also described. Finally, approaches and considerations that are important for applying the available knowledge on endogenous circular RNAs to design exogenous circular RNAs for therapeutic purposes are presented.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.685-697
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• 2003

The Web based multimedia programmes/courses are becoming widely available in recent years. Most of these courses focus on Behaviorist way of learning, which does not promote deep learning in any way. For Adults this approach further incapacitated, as it does not satisfy Andragogical needs. The search for Constructivist way of learning through the web applied to Indian conditions led to need for developing a curriculum development approach that would promote construction of knowledge through web based collaboration. This paper attempts to reengineer existing curriculum development processes and lays out a framework of‘Problem Based Online Learning (PBOL)’curriculum design. In this context, entire curriculum development life cycle is evolved and explained. This is a part of doctoral work (Ph.D), which is in progress and being undertaken by K.James Mathai, and guided of Dr.D.S.Karaulia.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.686-693
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• 2022

Construction is a collaborative endeavor. The complexity in delivering construction projects successfully is impacted by the effective collaboration needs of a multitude of stakeholders throughout the project life-cycle. Technologies such as Building Information Modelling and relational project delivery approaches such as Alliancing and Integrated Project Delivery have developed to address this conundrum. However, with the onset of the pandemic, the digital economy has surged world-wide and advances in technology such as in the areas of machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have grown deep roots across specializations and domains to the point of matching its capabilities to the human mind. Several recent studies have both explored the role of AI in the construction process and highlighted its benefits. In contrast, literature in the organization studies field has highlighted the fear that tasks currently done by humans will be done by AI in future. Motivated by these insights and with the understanding that construction is a labour intensive sector where knowledge is both fragmented and predominantly tacit in nature, this paper explores the integration of AI in construction processes across project phases from planning, scheduling, execution and maintenance operations using literary evidence and experiential insights. The findings show that AI can complement human skills rather than provide a substitute for them. This preliminary study is expected to be a stepping stone for further research and implementation in practice.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.705-715
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• 2010

기후변화협약과 탄소배출권문제 등 환경에 관한 관심과 규제 등이 국제적 주요 관심 사항이 되고 있는 상황에서 농업생산에 대한 환경영향평가의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 현재 우리나라는 환경부에서 시행하는 탄소성적표지제도 도입에서 농업분야의 LCI (Life Cycle Invemtory)database 부재를 이유로 1차 농산물을 대상에서 제외하고 있다. 따라서 농산물 탄소성적표지제도 도입을 위한 농업분야 LCI database에 대한 연구와 구축이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 농업생산체계에 대한 LCA 적용을 위하여 시설상추를 대상으로 LCI 구축과 LICA 수행을 위한 방법론을 고찰하였다. LCA의 방법론은 ISO 14040 규격에 의거하여 연구 목적 및 범위, LCI분석 (전과정 목록분석), LCIA(전과정 영향평가), 해석의 단계로 구성되었다. 연구 목적은 시설 상추재배체계에 대한 LCA 방법론 적용이며, 기능단위는 상추 1 kg 생산으로 하였다. LCI 구축을 위한 영농 투입물과 산출물에 대한 데이터 수집은 농진청의 농축산물소득자료를 중심으로 관련 통계, 문헌자료를 통하여 수집하였다. LCI 구축을 위한 자료 수집결과 상추를 재배할 때 투입되는 물질 중 유기질 비료와 무기질 비료의 시용과, 식물보호제의 투입이 주요배출인자로 분석되었다. 농업활동으로 배출되는 주요 환경부하물질은 비료가 시용된 토양으로부터 대기로 발생되는 $N_2O$와 수계로 배출되는 ${NO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$과 농약잔류물질로부터 발생되는 유기화학물질, 농기계에 쓰이는 화석연료 연소에 의한 대기오염물질 등 이었다. LCIA는 해외의 LCA 방법론과 LCA적용사례를 조사하여 농업분야 LCIA 방법론에 대하여 고찰하였다. LCIA는 분류화, 특성화, 정규화(일반화), 가중화의 4단계로 이루어지며, 이 중 분류화와 특성화는 의무절차이고, 정규화와 가중화는 선택사항이다. 해석단계는 LCI 분석결과와 LCIA 결과에 대하여 검증하고, 결과로부터 도출된 환경적 문제점과 개선안 등을 제시한다. LCA 수행에 사용하는 국내 소프트웨어는 지경부와 환경부에서 개발하여 보급하고 있는 'PASS'와 'TOTAL' 이다. 그러나 국내 프로그램에 적용되고 있는 환경영향평가 모델은 국외에서 개발한 기존모델들이다. 그러므로 보다 정확한 농업분야 LCA 분석이 가능하도록 추후 국내 농업환경에 적합한 영향평가 모델 및 특성화, 일반화, 가중화 계수의 선정 등이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2012

In canine, oocytes are ovulated at the GV (germinal vesicle) stage and they have to fulfill maturation phase before reaching metaphase II stage. The efficiency of in vitro maturation is still very low. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in vitro maturation on nuclear changes of immature canine oocytes recovered from different reproductive stages ovaries and different culture conditions. The oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 with supplement at 5% $CO_2$ and $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. The nuclear maturation of canine oocytes was evaluated with Hoechst 33342 stain under fluorescence microscope (Fig. 1). The results of this study detected differences in in vitro maturation rate between oocytes recovered from follicle status and non-follicle status ovaries. However, these differences were not significant as indicated in Table 1 and Fig. 2. In regard to the effect of culture condition with supplements, we did not found significant differences compared with control group (Table 2, Table 3). One of the reasons for this data could be the conditions that ovaries were exposed during slaughtering process or the long distant transportation of the ovaries. Although these data have not shown clearly significant differences results compared with control, furthermore the different reproductive status ovaries was beneficial for maturation of oocytes in vitro and can be a basic part of knowledge to improve in vitro maturation of canine oocytes.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate food purchasing management and the perception of school dietitians regarding food quality standards in the Chonbuk area of Korea. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from a total 205 dietitians and then evaluated using SPSS v. 11.5. The results are summarized as follows. Among the 205 school foodservice systems evaluated, 63.4% used a conventional system, while 36.6% were operated in a commissary manner. In addition, 64.9% of the schools had a menu cycle of 1 week (p<0.05) and 72.2% of the dietitians were responsible for the entire purchasing process (p<0.05). Moreover, a dietitian, school staff, foodservice staff, and parents participated in receiving and inspection of the food at 95.6% of the schools. Additionally, wholesalers and informal purchasing were preferred for purchasing food supplies. Moreover, 33.3% of dietitians in the commissary systems responded that they made Kimchi themselves instead of purchasing it (p<0.01). When the dietician's perception of food quality was evaluated, the average score was 3.33 based on a 5-point scale, although the scores differed significantly between dieticians working in conventional systems and those working in commissary systems (p<0.05). The scores for the quality standards related to the GMO agricultural and pesticide residues were the lowest. These findings indicate that it is necessary to develop standardized food quality and purchasing criteria and to provide education regarding these criteria to school dietitians to enable them to improve their knowledge regarding food quality standards and to implement effective purchasing programs.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-63
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• 2022

The aim of this review is to communicate some essential knowledge of the underlying mechanism of the corrosion of structural containment alloys during molten salt reactor operation in the context of prospective online monitoring in future MSR installations. The formation of metal halide species and the progression of their concentration in the molten salt do reflect containment corrosion, tracing the depletion of alloying metals at the alloy salt interface will assure safe conditions during reactor operation. Even though the progress of alloying metal halides concentrations in the molten salt do strongly understate actual corrosion rates, their prospective 1^st order kinetics followed by near-linearly increase is attributed to homogeneous matrix corrosion. The service life of the structural containment alloy is derived from homogeneous matrix corrosion and near-surface void formation but less so from intergranular cracking (IGC) and pitting corrosion. Online monitoring of corrosion species is of particular interest for molten chloride systems since besides the expected formation of chromium chloride species CrCl₂ and CrCl₃, other metal chloride species such as FeCl₂, FeCl₃, MoCl₂, MnCl₂ and NiCl₂ will form, depending on the selected structural alloy. The metal chloride concentrations should follow, after an incubation period of about 10,000 hours, a linear projection with a positive slope and a steady increase of < 1 ppm per day. During the incubation period, metal concentration show 1^st order kinetics and increasing linearly with time^1/2. Ideally, a linear increase reflects homogeneous matrix corrosion, while a sharp increase in the metal chloride concentration could set a warning flag for potential material failure within the projected service life, e.g. as result of intergranular cracking or pitting corrosion. Continuous monitoring of metal chloride concentrations can therefore provide direct information about the mechanism of the ongoing corrosion scenario and offer valuable information for a timely warning of prospective material failure.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.339-358
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 광의의 측면에서 지식정보제공이라는 공동의 임무를 수행하는 도서관, 기록관, 박물관간의 협력 플랫폼 구축에 관한 연구의 동향을 토픽 모델링을 통하여 파악하기 위한 것이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 Scopus로부터 이들 세 기관을 동시에 다루는 논문 637편의 서지정보를 수집하였다. 수집된 서지정보 중에서 초록을 대상으로 NetMiner V.4를 통하여 총 5,218개의 단어를 추출한 후 토픽모델링 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, tf-idf의 가중치에 따른 단어출현 빈도를 분석한 결과 '보존(Preservation)'이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 둘째, LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) 알고리즘을 통한 토픽모델링 분석결과 13개의 주제 영역이 도출되었다. 셋째, 13개의 주제 영역을 네트워크로 표현한 결과 '리포지터리 구축(Repository Construction)'을 중심으로 기관간의 협력, 정보자원 보존을 위한 환경 구축, 정부차원에서의 제도와 정책 발굴, 정보자원의 생애주기, 정보자원의 전시, 정보자원의 검색 등이 서로 밀접한 관련성을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 13개의 주제 영역의 연도별 동향을 살펴보면, 1998년 이전의 연구는 제도와 정책 발굴, 정보자원의 검색, 정보자원의 생애주기 등과 같이 특정 주제에 한정된 반면, 그 이후의 연구는 보다 다양한 주제를 다룬 것으로 분석되었다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제63권
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• pp.183-219
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• 2020

본 연구는 기독교 대안학교 교사들이 인식하는 교사의 전문성은 무엇이고 그들의 전문성은 어떻게 성장하는지 찾아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 전문성은 일반적으로 특정 분야에 필요한 특별한 지식, 기술, 태도를 의미한다. 교사 전문성 역시 주어진 업무를 수행하는데 필요한 능력과 자질, 기술과 행동, 가치를 포함하며, 교사의 생애주기와도 밀접한 관계가 있다. 본 연구는 교사 전문성의 의미와 성장 방식을 탐구하기 위해 설문조사와 면담을 병행한 혼합연구방법으로 자료를 수집하였다. 270여 명의 기독교 대안학교 교사가 참여한 설문조사는 교사의 관심사, 각 전문성 요소의 중요도와 보유 정도, 전문성 개발 노력과 도움 정도를 질문하였다. 심층 면담은 7명의 기독교 대안학교 교사를 대상으로 하였고 이들이 인식하는 교사 전문성의 의미, 교사 자질과 역량, 전문성 성장을 위한 환경을 파악하였다. 분석 결과를 보면 기독교 대안학교 교사들은 기독교적 관점으로 교과를 재구성하는 교과 전문성뿐 아니라 소통, 관계, 소명의식을 전문성으로 강조하였다. 그리고 이들의 전문성 성장에는 소명에 반응하고자 하는 교사의 결단, 지속적인 자기계발, 교사공동체, 자율과 책임이 공존하는 교육환경이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 결론에서는 교사들의 전문성 성장을 위해서 교사의 생애주기를 고려할 것과 교사 주도적인 전문성 성장의 접근을 제안하였고, 예비교사교육에서 교과 전문성뿐 아니라 소통과 관계능력 향상에 주안점을 둘 것을 강조하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.790-798
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• 2016

Chlamydiae, obligate intracellular bacteria, are associated with a variety of human diseases. The chlamydial life cycle undergoes a biphasic development: replicative reticulate bodies (RBs) phase and infectious elementary bodies (EBs) phase. At the end of the chlamydial intracellular life cycle, EBs have to be released to the surrounded cells. Therefore, the interactions between Chlamydiae and cell death pathways could greatly influence the outcomes of Chlamydia infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated host cell death after Chlamydia infection in vitro, in L929 cells, and showed that Chlamydia infection induces cell necrosis, as detected by the propidium iodide (PI)-Annexin V double-staining flow-cytometric assay and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important factor in induction of necrosis, was increased after Chlamydia infection, and inhibition of ROS with specific pharmacological inhibitors, diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), led to significant suppression of necrosis. Interestingly, live-cell imaging revealed that Chlamydia infection induced lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP). When an inhibitor upstream of LMP, CA-074-Me, was added to cells, the production of ROS was reduced with concomitant inhibition of necrosis. Taken together, our results indicate that Chlamydia infection elicits the production of ROS, which is dependent on LMP at least partially, followed by induction of host-cell necrosis. To our best knowledge, this is the first live-cell-imaging observation of LMP post Chlamydia infection and report on the link of LMP to ROS to necrosis during Chlamydia infection.