• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.149-162
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• 1998

This study is thed Embroidery, Cross-stitchery, Weaving, Wax-Printing of technique and design appeared in textile of Miaos dwells in south-west among the minority people of china. The study is as follows. First, the technique of textile1) satin stitch, couching stitch, french-knot stitch, etc. using anther silk thread or cotton thread color 2) cross-stitchery 3) hand-weaving technique which is shaped other warp or weft using simple loom 4) the technique of dyeing of pattern using effect with wax. These methods are singly used mixing together, therefore doubled beauty. Second, these technuque of ornament have other independence, specially ornament apron, sling, sleeve borders, slack borderss, edge of upper garment, take off and put on easily, heighten effect of various ornament, can preserve many years. Third, Maker, female born in this country fashion by need of herself, used liberal method shown in unique creativity of life. This texture make standards capable female proud of intelligent and skill of herself. Fourth, Design appeared in textile like as pattern flying bird in the sky, strolling beast in the field, lion rolling gem, laughing dragon winding snake at gem, birks, flowers, fish, butterfly is used as the wish of long life, a lucky sign. They expressed creativity and unique conception using formation : the technique transform other shape using by omitting or adding or overestimating. Geometric pattern of tartan, revealing, Fifth, composition structure having balance and symmetry or contradiction towards center and circumstance of the center harmonized repeatedly method, expressed unique artful attraction by full composition.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find out the traditional decoration techniques in the Korean costume. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to collect and investigated the traditional decoration techniques used in the related literatures and museum catalogues. The results were as follows. The broad and back stitching are fundamental stitching, which used to Nubi and Keki. Top stitching applied broadly to the Korean costume, for example, Jergori, Wonsam, Jeonbok, Beosun, Bojagj and so on. The expression techniques for top stitching were one, two or three stitches. When the top stitching was used as colorful stitches, they were more decorative. The Zatmulim was used for the decorative effect on the seam line because it was triangular shaped and became more effective by changing the rotor and size. Sunmulim was used on the narrow line such as the seam lines of Gergori and Chima. The bakchi decoration was imitating a bat shape, had a meaning of bringing the goodness and gave the tiny and elaborated image. It was used to the neckline of Geogori, seam line of Chima, Pungcha Bazi and so on. Sattgi was used to attaching the bottom of two stiff fabrics adopting for Beosun, Ayam and Norigae. When it used colorful strings, the more decorative effect was added. The knot for button used the fabric instead of buttons and applied to the Cheonlik, Gergori. The aesthetic values of the traditional decoration techniques in the costume were both natural beauty and practicality with creativity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

This study examined the control effects of amino acid biochemical agent extracted from chicken feathers on Meloidogyne incognita for the purpose of developing an environmentally friendly nematicidal agent that can replace chemical control of root-knot nematodes (RKN). We investigated the lethal effects of J2 juveniles for 19 types of commercial amino acids. As a result, five kinds of amino acids (L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-methionine, L-tyrosine, L-cysteine) showed mortality rate of more than 50% at a concentration of 50 mM. L-asparagine showed the highest mortality rate at 94%. We also investigated the lethal effect of J2 juveniles and suppressive effects of egg hatching by feather amino acids (FAA) biochemical agent. It showed that the mortality rate of J2 juveniles was more than 80% and suppression rate of egg hatching was 74% at 1/50 concentrations of FAA. As a result of conducting a tomato pot culture experiment for 60 days after treating 1/50 concentrations of FAA biochemical agent in rhizosphere soil, it showed that the control effects were 63% of juveniles density in the soil, 59% of egg mass and 61% of root gall index, respectively. Based on the above results, it is considered that the FAA biochemical agent extracted from chicken feathers can be used as an environmentally friendly nematicidal agent of RKN.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.23-26
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• 2003

A neem based product, Suneem-G (granules) alone as well as in combination with urea was tested against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on okra (Abelmoschus esculentum) in clay pots of 20-cm-diameter, containing 2 kg sterilized soil, inoculated with 2,000 freshly hatched second stage juveniles (J$_2$) of M. incognita. Application of different dosages of Suneem-G with or without urea significantly reduced nematode population and incidence of galling on okra roots and increased vegetative plant growth compared with the untreated control. Suneem-G with urea was the most effective and its effect increased with the increase of dosage. Suneem-G 6 g＋urea 25 g per pot gave maximum plant growth and root gall reduction, as plants shoot and root lengths were increased by 84 and 58% and root galling was reduced by 58%, respectively. The lowest dosage of Suneem-G alone, 2 g per pot increased shoot and root lengths of plants by 25.7 and 17%, respectively, and reduced root galling by 24%. The lowest effect was recorded in the pots treated with 25 g urea alone; shoot and root lengths were increased and root galling was decreased by 14% each.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.177-180
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• 2003

Pasteuria penetrans KW1 (PP), parasitic bacterium of nematode, was isolated from oriental melon greenhouse soil in Korea and evaluated for the suppression effect on the reproduction of southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (MI), in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Chungchima) and oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Eunchun). Pot experiments were conducted by planting the lettuce seedlings in medium inoculated with 5,000 MI juveniles/pot (J), J +100,000 PP endospores/l g medium, and J +200,000 PP endospores/1 g medium. After 11 weeks of plantation, number of root galls in J +200,000 PP endospores/1 g medium was decreased to 92/root (38.9%, control effect), compared to the J of 150/root. In the second plantation of lettuce in the same pots, the numbers of root gall were significantly decreased in PP treated pots with 75 (77.2%, control effect) and 150/root (54.4%, control effect) in J +200,000 and J +100,000 PP endospores/1 g medium, respectively, compared to the J of 330/root when harvested at 10 weeks after planting. In oriental melon, root gall percentages were 32.1 (60.2%, control effect) and 52.9％ (34.5%, control effect) in J +200,000 and J + 1(10,000 endospores/l g medium which were significantly lower than that of 80.7％ in J.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2015

Efficacy of novel nematicide, imicyafos GR was evaluated against two species of the root-knot nematodes in pot and greenhouse conditions. When tested in pots, the population of Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla was reduced sixty days after treatment, with mortality rate of 91.5% and 90.6%, respectively. Suppression effect of imicyafos GR on root galling in tomato was tested. The number of root galls caused by M. incognita and M. hapla was reduced 60 days after nematode inoculation, with the efficacy of 94.2% and 95.1%, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions planted with watermelon, melon, cucumber, and tomato, the efficacy of imicyafos GR on M. incognita persisted up to 60 days after treatment, showing 90% of control efficacy. Moreover, the number of root galling was more reduced than fosthiazate treatment, with the potential as a control agent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2002

The entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae All strain (ScA), S.glaseri NC strain (SgN) and H. bacteriophora NC 1 strain (HbN), were evaluated for the effects on egg mass formation by the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla in pot experiment using tomato. In the first experiment, 2.5$\times$10$^{5}$ infective juveniles (Ijs) of entomopathogenic nematodes were inoculated to 100 g of the soil infected with ca. 450 Ijs of M. hapla/100 ㎤ in 150 $mell$ container. The number of egg mass was significantly decreased to 9.4-36.5 in ScA, to 5.7-24.7 in SgN and to 11.2-16.0 in HbN treatments compared with 62.5 in M.hapla alone. In the second experiment, ScA and S.carpocapsae Pocheon strain (ScP) and SgN and S.glaseri Dongrae strain (SgD) were treated to 350 g of the soil infected with 100, 200 M.hapla larvae/100 ㎤ in 450 $mell$ container The entomopathogenic nematodes were inoculated at the rate of 2,020 Ijs and 1.6$\times$105 Ijs in 350 g soil. The number of egg mass of M.hapla were significantly decreased in the entomopathogenic nematode treatments compared with M.hapla alone although no differences were observed among Steinernema species, strains, or infection concentrations. Treatments of entomopathogenic nematodes 3 days before M.hapla inoculation were more effective on reduction of egg mass formation than those of 3 days after M.hapla treatments. Growth of tomato was not affected by entomopathogenic nematode treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2018

In order to use Pitch pine (Pinus rigida Miller) as the material of the structural glued laminated timber, the effect of the amount of resin exudation due to storage time after the planning and the knot of the lamina were evaluated on the bonding properties of the glued board with resorcinol resin. For Pitch pine that was dried at high temperature ($120{\sim}95^{\circ}C$) and low temperature ($65{\sim}50^{\circ}C$), the flat sawn(tangential section) showed higher amount of resin exudation than the quarter sawn(radial section). And the low temperature drying wood showed higher resin exudation than the high temperature drying wood. The low and high temperature drying wood showed the highest amount of resin exudation on the 3rd day and 7th day, respectively and they were gradually decreased. However, there were no significant differences from 15 to 90 days. Adhesion performances were low until 2~3 days with high exudation of resin, but there were no significant differences after 15 days. Both high temperature and low temperature drying woods satisfied the Korean standard regardless of the storage time. The adhesive strengths of the laminating parts including knots were higher than those of KS criteria, but the wood failures were not satisfied the KS standard. Adhesive performances according to the laminating combinations (quarter sawn + quarter sawn, flat sawn + flat sawn, quarter sawn + flat sawn) were better than those of KS criteria in all laminating combinations in both high temperature and low temperature drying woods.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.101-124
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• 1997

The root pile system is insitu soil reinforcement technique that uses a series of reticulately installed micropiles. In terms of mechanical improvement by means of grouted reinform ming elements, the root pile system is similar to the soil nailing system. The main difference between root piles and soil nailing are due to the fact that the reinforcing bars in root piles are normally grouted under high pressure and that the alignments of the reinforcing members differ. Recently, the root pile system has been broadly used to stabilize slopes and retain excavations. The accurate design of the root pile system is, however, a very difficult tass owing to geometric variety and statical indetermination, and to the difficulty in the soilfiles interaction analysis. As a result, moat of the current design methods have been heavily dependent on the experiences and approximate approach. This paper proposes a quasi-three dimensional method of analysis for the root pile system applied to the stabilization of slopes. The proposed methods of analysis include i) a technique to estimate the change in borehole radium as a function of the grout pressure as well as a function of the time when the grout pressure is applied, ii) a technique to evaluate quasi -three dimensional limit-equilibrium stability for sliding, iii) a technique to predict the stability with respect to plastic deformation of the soil between adjacent root piles, and iv) a quasi -three dimensional finite element technique to compute stresses and dis placements of the root pile structure barred on the generalized plane strain condition and composite unit cell concept talon형 with considerations of the group effect and knot effect. By using the proposed technique to estimate the change in borehole radius as a function of the grout pressure as well as a function of the time, the estimations are made and compar ed with the Kleyner 8l Krizek's experimental test results. Also by using the proposed quasi-three dimensional analytical method, analyses have been performed with the aim of pointing out the effects of various factors on the interaction behaviors of the root pile system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2024

Sulfur is one of the inorganic elements used by plants to develop and produce phytoalexin to resist certain diseases. This study reported a method for preparing a material for plant disease resistance. Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) stabilized in the chitosan-Cu²⁺ (CS-Cu²⁺) complex were synthesized by hydrolysis of Na₂S₂O₃ in an acidic medium. The obtained SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex consisting of 0.32% S, 4% CS, and 0.7% Cu (w/v), contained SNPs with an average size of ~28 nm as measured by transmission electron microscopy images. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex showed that SNPs had orthorhombic crystal structures. Interaction between SNPs and the CS-Cu²⁺ complex was also investigated by ultraviolet-visible. Results in vitro nematicidal effect of materials against Meloidogyne incognita showed that SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex was more effective in killing second-stage juveniles (J2) nematodes and inhibiting egg hatching than that of CS and CS-Cu²⁺ complex. The values of LC₅₀ in killing J2 nematodes and EC₅₀ in inhibiting egg hatching of SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex were 75 and 51 mg/l, respectively. These values were lower than those of CS and the CS-Cu²⁺ complex. The test results on the nematicidal effect against M. incognita on coffee pots showed that the SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex was 100% effective at a concentration of 150 mg/l. Therefore, the SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex could be considered as a biochemical material with potential for agricultural applications to control root-knot nematodes.