• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.202-210
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• 2023

Background: The elderly population is increasing rapidly worldwide. Muscle mass, usual walking speed (UWS), knee extension strength (KES), hand grip strength (HGS), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and depression is used for sarcopenia diagnosis. All four of these factors (KES, HGS, PEF, and depression) correlated with UWS and also to muscle mass. But, many studies have suggested that no correlation exists between muscle mass and UWS. Objects: This study aimed: 1) to investigate whether muscle mass reduction affected UWS, as mediated by KES, HGS, PEF and depression, and 2) to explored whether significant changes in these mediators varied by the body segment in which muscle mass evaluated in elderly female aged 65-80 years. Methods: A total of 100 female aged 65-80 years were surveyed. Muscle mass was measured by body segment (upper and lower segment), and KES, HGS, PEF, depression, and UWS were also assessed. Median analyses were progressed in IBM SPSS software (ver. 23.0, IBM Co.) using a downloaded INDIRECT macro. Results: The direct effect of the KES and PEF were significant, and the indirect effect of KES and PEF were not significant. Thus, KES and PEF served as full mediators of the effect of muscle mass on UWS. Regardless of bodily region, KES and PEF combined with muscle mass were significant mediators of UWS, with similar indirect effect sizes. Conclusion: KES and PEF are the only mediators regardless of body part. Therefore, mediating the KES and PEF may prevent sarcopenia progression in elderly female. Also, sarcopenia can be readily assessed by evaluating either the upper or lower body; it is not necessary to measure total muscle mass.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.161-168
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship with the Y-Balance Test, which evaluates dynamic balance ability according to the ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion in a non-weight bearing posture. This study involved 27 male soccer players who regularly participate in the K3 League with more than 10 years of soccer experience. The Pearson Rank Correlation Coefficient was used to verify the relationship between ankle joint dorsiflexion and dynamic balance ability. The results of this study showed significant differences in PLRD (P<.05) and CS (P<.01) in the HADR group. A significant correlation between ankle joint dorsi-flexion range of motion and severity was found only in PMRD, PLRD, and CS. Therefore, a decrease in ankle joint dorsi-flexion is associated with a decrease in balance ability. In order to prevent injuries in soccer players, it is believed that regular evaluation of ankle joint range of motion as well as training to improve knee and hip joint strength and proprioception are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives The object of this study was to observe the favorable anti-arthritic effects of Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) on Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic Wistar rats. Methods Rheumatoid arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of FCA, and 300, 150 or 750 mg/kg of Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) were orally administered once a day for 14 days from 14 days after FCA treatments, and 15 mg/kg of dexamethasone was intraperitoneally administered as reference drug in this experiment. All rats were sacrificed at 14 days after continuous oral treatment of Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) or intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone, and changes on the body weight, knee circumferences, gross arthritis score, inflammatory tissue prostaglandin (PG) $E_2$ levels were monitored with cartilage collagen components and glucosaminoglycans compositions - chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid in the present study. Results As results of FCA treatment, classic rheumatoid arthritis featuring dramatical decreases on the body weights, cartilage collagen contents and bone glucosaminoglycans-chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid contents, with increases on the knee circumferences, gross arthritis scores and inflammatory tissue $PGE_2$ levels. However, these changes from FCA-induced rheumatoid arthritis were clearly reduced by treatment of dexamethasone and both two different dosages of Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) 300 and 150 mg/kg in the present study. Although FCA-induced arthritis were more favorably inhibited by treatment of dexamethasone 15 mg/kg as compared with Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) 300 mg/kg, marked decreases of body weights were detected in dexamethasone 15 mg/kg treated rats, and Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) 300 mg/kg showed similar preserve effects on the cartilage glucosaminoglycan compositions in this study. Conclusions The results obtained in this study suggest that over 300 and 150 mg/kg of Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) showed favorable anti-arthritic effects on the FCA-induced arthritis mediated by suppression of $PGE_2$, a inflammatory mediator. However, detail mechanism studies should be conduced in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb. Although overall anti-inflammatory effects Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) 300 mg/kg were lowered than those of dexamethasone 15 mg/kg treated rats, Samki-eum ($s\bar{a}nq\grave{i}-y\check{i}n$) 300 mg/kg treated rats showed similar preserve effects on the cartilage glucosaminoglycan compositions in this experiment.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how many of our patients who had had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction returned to their previous levels of sports and to identify why not doing so. Material and Methods: We evaluated 43 knees with a minimum of two years follow-up among whom undergoing 109 ACL reconstruction from September 2003. The mean age of patients was 26 years (17 to 45 years) Clinical results was evaluated according to the Lysholm Knee scores, Tegner activity score, subjective IKDC questionnaires, objective IKDC evaluation form and KT-1000 arthrometer. Results: The overall clinical results demonstrated significant improvement at the final follow-up comparing to preoperative data (P<0.05). Among 43 patients, 25 patients (58%) returned to their previous level of sports and 18 patients (42%) did not. Of whom, 11 patients (61%) were not able to return to sports due to fear to re-injury and 7 patients (39%) suffered from instability and pain. The differences in the Lysholm Scores, KT-1000 arthrometer and subjective IKDC in the 3 groups of patients by ANOVA test were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Although there is no difference in objective IKDC and KT-1000 arthrometer, the difference was observed in Tegner activities, subjective IKDC obtained by those who returned to sport and those who had fear to reinjury (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that a quater of patients could not return to their previous level of sport after ACL reconstruction because of fear to reinjury. We thought that not only improving the technique of ACL reconstruction and systemic rehabilitation but also considering psychological factor of patients could allow more patients to return to the previous level of sports.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the merits and demerits of double bundle reconstruction and achieve improvements hereafter, by comparing the results of double bundle and single bundle reconstruction using tibialis anterior allograft. Materials and Methods: Twenty seven patients were divided to undergo either double bundle(n=14) or single bundle(n=13) reconstruction with tibialis anterior allograft tendon. The evaluation methods were AP laxity with KT-2000 arthrometer, isokinetic knee strength measurements, pivot-shift test, IKDC subjective score, Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity score, radiographic evaluations with postoperative MRI, and second look arthroscopy. Results: Lysholm knee score and Tegner activity score were significantly better in double bundle reconstruction. In pivot-shift test, single bundle reconstruction was evaluated as grade 0 in 10 of the knees, grade 1 in 1, and grade 2 in 2. Double bundle reconstruction was evaluated as grade 0 in 13, and grade 2 in 1. In second look arthroscopy, single bundle was evaluated as excellent in 6 of the knees, fair in 7, anteromedial bundle of double bundle reconstruction was excellent in 13 and fair in 1, and posterolateral bundle was excellent in 4, fair in 9, and poor in 1. There were no significant differences in other evaluations. Conclusion: Favorable outcome may be expected with double bundle reconstruction of ACL. However there are still need for improvement in terms of reconstruction technique and rehabilitation protocol to reduce PL bundle injury.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.617-622
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• 1998

A cryotherapy system using cold air was developed. The developed system had superior low-temperature characteristics with various flow rates and nozzle sizes, and used R-404A, as a coolant, which has no destructive effects of Ozone layers. Flow rates and the treatment time can be easily altered during the operation. In addition, and alarm system was designed for the overload, overheat, and over-charge of the machine. For clinical applications, skin temperatures, intra-articular temperatures of the knee joint and intra-muscluar temperatures of the gluteal muscles were measured during and after the cryotherapy. After a 5-minute therapy, skin and intra-articular temperatures decreased by $23.3{\pm}4.7 and 4.1 {\pm}1.0^{circ}C$, respectively. A 5-minute cryotherapy was good enough to maintain low intra-articular temperatures for 2-3 hours. Resting intra-muscular temperatures in 2, 4, and 6cm deep in the gluteal muscle were $36.5{\pm}1.2, 36.9{\pm}0.2, 37.1{\pm}0.2^{circ}C$, respectively (p<0.05). Lowest temperatures in 2, 4, and 6cm depth were $35.1{\pm}0.7, 36.2{\pm}0.4, 36.9{\pm}0.3^{circ}C$, respectively (p<0.05). Temperatures after a 2-hour cold air application on the skin and in the muscle in dept도 of 2, 4, and 6cm were $32.2{\pm}1.1, 36.2{\pm}0.5, 36.6{\pm}0.3, 36.9{\pm}0.3^{circ}C$respectively (p<0.05). Temperatures on the skin and in the muscle significantly decreased after 2 hours, compared with before cold air application (p<0.05). The intra-muscular temperature was changed more slowly than the skin temperature, and the deeper the muscle, the lesser temperature changes. The effect of a 5-minute cold air application lasts up to 2 hours, and it seems that the rebound-rise of the temperature dut to the reactive vasodilatation does not occur in the gluteal muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2006

Purpose: Open lateral release and complete lateral release have been conducted as a surgical method in patients with patellofemoral malalignment. But authors sought to find out the best method by conducting selective release, with minimal excision of the involved lesion, and comparative analyzing the result, as postoperative satisfaction and complication. Materials and Methods: Over the 68 patients of 90 cases who underwent arthroscopic release, among 94 patients of 129 cases who underwent lateral retinacular release, from January 1993 to June 1998 were followed up prospectively. A radiological evaluation of patellar inclination, patellar tilt, congruence angle, and Q-angle and a clinical evaluation of HSS-Knee score and modified patellar score were used for analysis data before operation and data at 1 year and 5 year after operation. Results: According to the radiologic evaluation, the patellar tilt and translation revealed improvement of the results, from $13.4^{\circ}$ and 12.1mm to $3.6^{\circ}$ and 3.8mm with arthroscopic lateral complete release, and from $12.3^{\circ}$ and 11.2mm to $4.8^{\circ}$ and 5.2mm with selective release, and from $13.6^{\circ}$ and 12.3mm to $3.3^{\circ}$ and 3mm with open release. But they were not significantly related to the clinical results. HSS-Knee score was 84.2%(48/57), 81.8%(27/33), 82.1%(32/39) and modified patellar score was 82.5%(47/57), 81.8%(27/33), 82.1%(32/39) respectively, which revealed satisfactory results. And no significant difference among the operative methods were shown. Conclusion: Arthroscopic lateral retinacular release which is one of the surgical method for patellofemoral malalignment enhances rehabilitation and satisfaction of the patient, by releasing the involved retinaculum within lesser surgical extent, compared to open and complete lateral release without complications such as adhesion.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose: This study performed to compare degree of joint stiffness and clinical results between early and delayed reconstruction of acute posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Patients who underwent PCL reconstruction between March 2008 and October 2011 enrolled this study. We performed transtibial single bundle reconstruction using the allo-achilles tendon in all cases. We divided the patient into two groups, early reconstruction group underwent surgery before a week, delayed reconstruction group underwent surgery after 3 weeks, before 6 weeks. All the patients underwent aggressive joint motion exercise till surgery and enrolled post operative rehabilitation program. We checked posterior drawer stress radiography, range of motion, the Lysholm score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Tegner score to evaluate the results. Results: At the final follow up the Lysholm score was 92.1 in the early group and 93.8 in the delayed group. All the cases were rated above B (near normal) on IKDC score (p=0.808, p=0.722). The Tegner score was 6.6 in the early reconstruction group and 6.2 in the delayed group (p=0.480), The average of maximum flexion and extension angle was $133.9^{\circ}$, $1.4^{\circ}$ in the early group and $133.6^{\circ}$, $1.1^{\circ}$ in the delayed group (p=0.560, p=0.581), no complication such as deep vein thrombosis or infection, no difference in posterior drawer stress radiography (p=0.750). Conclusion: We could obtain satisfactory clinical results in both the early and delayed reconstruction groups of acute PCL injuries. Therefore, the early reconstruction of PCL performed before a week could be one of the treatment options for acute PCL injury.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

The accurate measurement of the femoral anteversion is very important to the practice of orthopedic and osteotomy. It is measured by means of the axis of head and neck of the femur and the knee axis. At the present time, widely used computed tomography method of measuring anteversion on femoral necks of patients. Measurement by the manual method and image viewer of computed tomography to determine the anteversion of femoral head were carried out on both femurs. In September and October 2002, 5 patients 28 to 36 years of age were randomly selected from Seoul National University Hospital. The purpose of this paper was to introduce a new method to measure femoral anteversion angle utilizing PACS image viewer program in the MR imaging. Significant difference was observed between the right and left side the image viewer measurement of femoral anteversion. In conclusion, MR imaging very usefulness in the measured the angle of the femoral anteversion.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of the occlusal stability and a partial coverage mouthguard on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of mouthguards on physical performance. Twenty physical education students were included for measurements of their handgrip strength, back strength, whole body reaction time, flexibility, sidestep test, stork stand test and jumping test according to the following 5 different occlusal conditions: mouth closed position without a mouthguard, with a full coverage mouthguard, with a right partial coverage mouthguard, with a left partial coverage mouthguard and with anterior partial mouthguard. The results revealed no significant difference in any of the measured physical factors between the occlusal conditions with and without a full-coverage mouthguard. On the other hand, a significant difference was observed in whole body reaction between the occlusal conditions with and without the partial coverage mouthguards. Therefore, isokinetic muscle tests on both knee joints and the Wingate anaerobic power test should be performed under the following five occlusal conditions: with or without full-coverage maxillary custom-made mouthguard, with a unilateral right or left partial-coverage maxillary mouthguard and with an anterior partial-coverage maxillary mouthguard. These results suggest that the partial coverage mouthguard had a short-term beneficial effect on agility rather than full coverage mouthguard.