• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the involved lower limb weight bearing training on symmetrical weight supporting rate improvement and gait characteristics of patients with hemiplegia including their gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length of the non affected side, step length of the affected side, foot angle of the non affected side, foot angle of the affected side, base of support, and so on. The subject of the study was 28 men and women patients with hemiplegia from 22 to 77 age, among patients who doctor diagnosed as hemiplegia due to stroke or traumatic brain injury, were possible to do independent gait more than 45m without others assistance, the flexion contracture of hip pint was less than $15^{\circ}$, did not have contracture for knee pint and one more than $5^{\circ}$ for ankle joint, did not have contraindication for exercise or gait did not show visual defect due to brain injury. The patients, the subject of the study, were classified into 14 patients of treatment. group applying continuous involved weight bearing with general therapeutic exercise and 14 patients of control group applying general therapeutic exercise, and then analyzed their gait before and after exercise. Temporal distance gait analysis(Boening, 1977) was used to analyze their gait, and ink foot-print was applied as one of measurement methods. However, it was statistically signifiant in the change rate(%) of gait characteristics, and treatment group's patients with hemiplegia had been highly changed in gait characteristics in comparison with control group. From the above-mentioned results, could find that continuous involved weight bearing training for patients with hemiplegia was effective to improve their gait ability and it could increase the ability in comparison with general exercise.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different types of rehabilitation training program on the kinetic and kinematic parameters during sit-to-stand movement(STS) in chronic stroke patients. Two groups of hemiparetic patients, experimental and control, participated in the study. The experimental group participated in a 10-week training program (three sessions/wk, $1{\sim}1.5\;hr/session$) consisting of a warm-up, aerobic exercises, lower extremity strengthening. and a cool-down. The control group participated in an aerobic exercise. Three dimensional kinematic analysis and force platform; were used to analyze the duration of STS, lower extremity angle, and weight bearing ability. The experimental group which had more strength of lower extremity displayed decrease in duration of STS. However, the control group showed increases in duration during sit-to-stand movement. The control group flexed their trunk more than the group did Therefore, it took more time to extend their trunk during STS. The duration in sit-to-stand was affected by the strength of lower extremity and the angle of trunk movement. The angles of ankle and knee joint had an influenced on duration of STS. The post experimental group performed with their feet near the front leg of the chair during sit-to-stand, therefore the duration was decreased. The repetitive sit-to-stand movements as a resistance exercise was effective to hemiparetic patients in learning mechanism of sit-to-stand. The control group showed decreased differences in the vertical ground reaction forces between paretic and non-paretic limbs. Their training program included strengthening exercise that may help improving weight bearing ability. The control group showed increases in the center of pressure in the anteroposterior and mediolateral displacement. This means that the stability of movement was low in the control group. Their training program which combined aerobic and strengthening exercises that are more effective to improve the stability of movement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.576-585
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• 2022

In determining the cause of dysmenorrhea, it is necessary to investigate postural alignment and balance. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze whether there is a difference in posture alignment and foot pressure balance according to the dysmenorrhea degree. The subjects were twenty female students in their 20s, who had pain caused by dysmenorrhea. According to the degree of dysmenorrhea, the subjects were divided into mild and severe groups. In the results, there was a significant difference only in shoulder height asymmetry angle between the mild and severe groups (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in pelvic and knee joint alignment. In the correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation between the dysmenorrhea score (MDQ) and shoulder height asymmetry angle was found. These results indicate that dysmenorrhea symptom and asymmetric alignment of shoulder are related. To analyze these factors, further research will need to investigate the correlation between dysmenorrhea and spinal alignment.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

This study aimed to determine the effects of the blockage of visual feedback on joint dynamics of the lower extremity. Fifteen healthy male subjects(age: $24.1{\pm}2.3\;yr$, height: $178.7{\pm}5.2\;cm$, weight: $73.6{\pm}6.6\;kg$) participated in this study. Each subject performed single-legged landing from a 45 cm-platform with the eyes open or closed. During the landing performance, three-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremity and ground reaction force(GRF) were recorded using a 8 infrared camera motion analysis system (Vicon MX-F20, Oxford Metric Ltd, Oxford, UK) with a force platform(ORG-6, AMTI, Watertown, MA). The results showed that at 50 ms prior to foot contact and at the time of foot contact, ankle plantar-flexion angle was smaller(p<.05) but the knee joint valgus and the hip flexion angles were greater with the eyes closed as compared to with the eyes open(p<.05). An increase in anterior GRF was observed during single-legged landing with the eyes closed as compared to with the eyes open(p<.05). Time to peak GRF in the medial, vertical and posterior directions occurred significantly earlier when the eyes were closed as compared to when the eyes were open(p<.05). Landing with the eyes closed resulted in a higher peak vertical loading rate(p<.05). In addition, the shock-absorbing power decreased at the ankle joint(p<.05) but increased at the hip joints when landing with the eyes closed(p<.05). When the eyes were closed, landing could be characterized by a less plantarflexed ankle joint and more flexed hip joint, with a faster time to peak GRF. These results imply that subjects are able to adapt the control of landing to different feedback conditions. Therefore, we suggest that training programs be introduced to reduce these injury risk factors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tools (i., extracorporeal shock wave therapy, massage gun, and foam roller) on range of motion, muscle tone and pain threshold among patients with hamstring stiffness. Methods : Fourteen participants with hamstrings stiffness were recruited. Interventions were performed 6 times, and each session was for 30 seconds using the three tools. The range of motion, muscle tone, and pain threshold were measured. The order of the use of the three tools was randomly determined. The foam roller was made to move from the bottom of the hip crease to the upper part of the back of the hamstring. Additionally, velocity 5 vibration stimulation was performed on the hamstring using a massage gun. Moreover, vibration stimulation was performed on the hamstring with extracorporeal shock wave therapy 5 minutes, 5 Hz, and 1,500 strokes. The flexibility of the posterior thigh muscle was based on maintaining the knee and hip joints in a 90 ° bend in the supine position. The joint angle of the knee was measured, when the knee was actively extended, at the maximum point where the posterior thigh muscle was stretched. The elasticity of the posterior thigh muscle was measured while the subject was prone and in a relaxed state without any force. Measurements were made at the muscle abdominal area of the semitendinosus muscle of the posterior femur, and the area to be measured was marked with a pen. The measurement of the tenderness threshold of the posterior femur was measured using a tenderness meter(Commander Algometer, J-Tech, USA). The force value at the point at which the pressure sensation change to pain was measured after applying vertical pressure to the posterior femur muscle, which was the halfway point between the ischial tuberosity and the popliteal surface of the subject lying on their stomach. Results : The extracorporeal shock wave therapy increased stiffness and, muscle tone, and caused changes in the pain threshold, whereas the other two tools had no effect on these indices. Conclusion : Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has important effects on range of motion and muscle stiffness and can be used in warmup protocols.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2010

Purpose: We reported the results of arthroscopically assisted lateral release and medial imbrication for the recurrent patella dislocation. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (20 knees) underwent arthroscopically assisted surgery for the recurrent patella dislocation. There were 4 males and 16 female. The average age was 20.2 years. All patients had definite trauma history and average follow-up period was 19 months. The surgical results were evaluated according to the Lysholm knee score and the Kujala score. The congruence angle and lateral patellofemoral angle were measured on plain radiograph and the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance was calculated on computerized tomography. Results: The median value of preoperative congruence angle was $16.5^{\circ}$ (range, $0.0{\sim}+34^{\circ}$) and the average final follow-up was $-6.4^{\circ}$ (range, $-19{\sim}10^{\circ}$) with statistically significant improvement (p=0.025). The median value of preoperative Lysholm knee score was 70 (range, 63~81) and the final follow-up score had changed to 88 (range, 80~95) with statistically significant improvement (p=0.0341). The median value of preoperative Kujala score was 72 (range, 65~80) and the average final follow-up score showed 87 (range, 80~92) with statistically significant improvement (p=0.024). Recurrent dislocations after surgery occurred in 2 cases, one case which showed positive "thumb to forearm test" had been treated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted lateral release and medial imbrication for recurrent patella dislocation without bony malaligmenent showed the effective treatment, but would be inappropriate for the patients with the generalized joint laxity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.532-542
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body's strategy through kinematic variables of the lower extremities and ground reaction forces to maintain the club-head speed and ball accuracy despite the three stances during the golf swing. Ten male golfers who official handicap two were participate in the experiment. All subjects performed swing after maintaining the address posture according to stance conditions(square; SS, open: OS, closed: CS). Using a 3D motion analysis system and force plateform, the results were calculated with the 7-iron full swing each stance. In result, there was no difference in center of displacement, and left and right hip and knee joint angle displacement. Left ankle joint was largely plantar-flexed in OS, and right ankle joint was largely performed in CS from the address to the downswing. From address to take-back, right foot had a large left direction and the left foot had a right direction were greater in OS than in CS. Therefore, despite various stances, maintaining the same posture at impact is thought to have a positive effect on club head speed and ball direction.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze kinematic quantitative factors required of a forehand counter drive in table tennis through 3-D analysis. Four national table tennis players participated in this study. The mean of elapsed time for total drive motion was $1.009{\pm}0.23\;s$. At the phase of impact B1 was the fastest as 0.075 s. This may affect efficiency in the initial velocity and spin of the ball by making a powerful counter drive. The pattern of center of mass showed that it moved back and returned to where it was then moved forward. At the back swing, lower stance made wide base of support and a stronger and safer stance. It may help increasing the ball spin. Angle of the elbow was extended up to $110.75{\pm}1.25^{\circ}$ at the back swing and the angle decreased by $93.75{\pm}3.51^{\circ}$ at impact. Decreased rotation range of swinging arm increased linear velocity of racket-head and impulse on the ball. Eventually it led more spin to the ball and maximized the ball speed. Angle of knee joint decreased from ready position to back swing, then increased from the moment of the impact and decreased at the follow thorough. The velocity of racket-head was the fastest at impact of phase 2. Horizontal velocity was $7796.5{\pm}362\;mm/s$ and vertical velocity was $4589.4{\pm}298.4\;mm/s$ at the moment. It may help increase the speed and spin of the ball in a moment. The means of each ground reaction force result showed maximum at the back swing(E2) except A2. Vertical ground reaction force means suggest that all males and females showed maximum vertical power(E2), The maximum power of means was $499.7{\pm}38.8\;N$ for male players and $519.5{\pm}136.7\;N$ for female players.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-95
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• 2003

A 34-year-old man with ACL total rupture due to slip down injury, had received ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstrings tendon with cross-pin femoral fixation. Postoperative course was as usual. But postoperative 3 months later, he complained posterolateral knee pain, recurrent effusion and mild instability. He was managed repeatitive aspiration and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs but was failed to relieve symptoms & signs. In CT scans, perforation of posteromedial femoral cortex of lateral femoral condyle was found. In second look arthroscopy, two pieces of broken femoral cross pin were found in between tibiofemoral Joint which was badly injured cartilage. We considered malposition of pins was the main cause of failure. We propose that femoral tunnel must be made more acute angle and femoral cross-pin guide must be positioned more external rotation 10-20 degree than transepicondylar axis made confirm the cross-pin tunnel position in order to avoid posterior cortex perforation and early failure.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2018

Purpose: The prefrontal lobe, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and basal ganglia are activated during gait. In addition, gait is controlled by nerves, such as the corticospinal tract (CST) and corticoreticular pathway (CRP). In this study, the presence of an injury to the CST and CRP was identified by diffusion tensor imaging and the characteristics of the gait pattern were investigated according to inferior cerebral artery infarction. Methods: One patient and six control subjects of a similar age participated. A 69-year-old female patient had an injury to the left basal ganglia, insular gyrus, corona radiata, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and postcentral gyrus due to an inferior cerebral artery infarction. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired 4 weeks after the stroke. The kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters of gait were collected using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. Results: On 4 weeks DTI, the CST and CRP in the affected hemisphere did not show injury to the affected and unaffected hemisphere. Gait analysis showed that the cadence of spatio-temporal parameter was decreased significantly in the patient. The angle of the knee joint was decreased significantly in the affected and unaffected sides compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of diffusion tensor imaging showed that although the patient was evaluated to be capable of an independent gait, the quality and quantity of gait might be reduced. This study could help better understand the gait ability analysis of stroke patients and the abnormal gait pattern of patients with a brain injury.