• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

Objectives : The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty has plenty of articles as primary historical records. The Korean medical historiy researches have also been driven from The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. About public services in Joseon dynasty related to medicine, We rarely know persons in public services, titles, levels and so on. Methods : I focused on The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty to research the titles of person in public services in early Joseon dynasty. I found 33 persons related to medicine and reorganized 21 persons who had titles. Results : I got 10 titles of public medical services and more than 15 titles of public non-medical services, which were received according to their medical services and 6 grades. Conclusions : I concluded that there were much more titles of public medical services than what we had already known and several titles and grades of public non-medical services, which were received according to their medical services.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.241-248
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• 2000

A groung Fabry-Perot interferometer has been used to measure atomic oxygen nightglow (OI 630.0nm) from the thermosphere (about 250km) at King Sejong station (KSS, geographic: $62.22^{\circ}$S, $301.25^{\circ}$E; geomagnetic: $50.65^{\circ}$S, $7.51^{\circ}$E), Antarctica. While numerous studies of the thermosphere have been performed on high latitude using ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometers, the thermospheric measurements in the Southern Hemisphere are relatively new and sparse. Therefore, the nightglow measurements at KSS play an important role in extending the thermospheric studies to the Southern Hemisphere. In this study, we investigated the effects of the geomagnetic and solar activities on the thermospheric neutral temperatures that have been observed at KSS in 1989 and 1997. The measured average temperatures are 1400K in 1989 and 800K in 1997, reflecting the influence of the solar activity. The measurements were compared with empirical models, MSIS-86 and semi-empirical model, VSH.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 1986

Sensory characteristics of cooked rites of one waxy variety and three nonwaxy varieties, Akibare (Japonica), Milyang 23 (J/Indica) and Milyang 30 (J/Indica) were evaluated in terms of odor, taste, appearance and texture. Sensory evaluation of cooked rites indicated that the cooked waxy rice was more watery, gloss, sticky, smooth and gummy in appearance and texture than nonwaxy cooked rites. Among the nonwaxy rites, Akibare was well balanced in all of the 12 descriptions of sensory quality. Milyang 30, generally recognized as having inferial eating quality, had the poorest quality in texture and appearance. The ratio of water addition to rice for cooking affected significantly to texture and appearance of cooked rice while the flavor remained comparatively unchanged.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.453-455
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• 1987

Swollen commercially canned grapes and peaches were collected to investigate the microorganisms involved in their spoilage. 6 of 52 grape and 19 of 23 peach samples were found to be spoiled by microorganisms. Yeasts were the only spoilage microorganisms of canned grapes with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the leading spoilage yeast. Yeasts and bacteria were found from spoiled canned peaches. S. cerevisiae and Torulopsis stellata were the most important spoilage yeasts of canned peaches. Lactic acid bacteria, belonging to genera of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, were the most frequently found spoilage bacteria. Only one spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis, was involved in the spoilage of canned peaches.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.307-318
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• 2004

We could understand that Woohari oven place is the main place to create important ceramic from Sejongsillokjiriji through the research on the collected remains and books. It was very important founding to understand The history of Korean ceramic industry as well as the special feature of the valuable ceramic in Chosun Dynasty because this place is considered as the original place for center of creating valuable ceramic which called Gongseunghyun during the King, Sejong. Most of the unearthed pieces are containers for living. Specially, it shows clearly about this thought after we found a piece of a soup bowl which has the black letter "Seon". So Woorhar Kiln is an official place to manage food during the King, Sejong(1420') which took care of tribute for one of Sasunsa.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.31
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• pp.395-414
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• 2013

EPS-TOPIK is a test of Korean proficiency which is enforced at the level of Korean government for the selection of competent foreign workers. Therefore, it must ensure validity and reliability, and practicability as a language assessment tool. For seeking a way of developing EPS-TOPIK, in this paper, the current state of EPS-TOPIK was investigated based upon the materials published by the Korean government, and the questions of EPS-TOPIK were analysed. Together with this, newspaper articles both in Korea and in foreign countries were also analyzed, and the directors of the EPS center abroad were interviewed. According to the survey results, as expected, the local environment of Korean education is poor in a number of ways to improve the Korean communication skills of foreign workers, as well as to prepare the EPS-TOPIK. To improve the efficiency of the EPS-TOPIK and to enhance the Korean communication skills of foreign workers, the Korean language institutions including the King Sejong Institute, which are in charge of the Korean language education should closely cooperate with the Human Resources Development Service of Korea, which is responsible for all of the influx of foreign workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2022

Hunminjeongeum was made by the Great King Sejong, and composed of 17 consonant and 11 vowel letters. All the 28 letters were made according to the shape of vocal organ or space at the point of articulation for each letters. This review article focused on phonetic and phoniatric consideration for explanation of the designs of the middle vowel letters, especially three main vowel letters [ • (天, heaven), ㅡ (地, earth), ㅣ (人, human)] using video-fluoroscopic evaluation as well as computed tomography scanning, etc. During articulating / • / sound, a ball-like space at frontal portion of the oral cavity was found, tongue was contracted, and sound was deep (舌縮而聲深). During /ㅡ/ sound, a flat air space between oral tongue and hard palate was created. Tongue was slightly contacted neither deep nor shallow (舌小縮而聲不深不淺). During /ㅣ/ sound, tongue was not contacted and Sound is light (舌不縮而聲淺). Tongue was moved forward making longitudinal oro-pharyngeal air space. So, I'd like to suggest that we had better change the explanation drawing from a philosophical modeling to a more scientific modeling from real vocal tract space modeling during articulating middle vowels of Hunminjeongeum.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2022

The medical text books used during the Joseon Dynasty can be seen to change over time by examining various records. These records show that the list of medical textbooks suddenly changed a lot between the era of King Sejong and Sejo in the Joseon Dynasty. However, since there are not many studies on this topic yet, this study was conducted and the following causes of these changes were identified: The first reason is the compilation project of Euibangyoochui (醫類聚聚) because the date of compilation of Euibangyoochui is clearly related to the period of change to the list of medical textbooks. The second reason is the difficulty of the medical examination during the Joseon Dynasty. Medical tests in the Joseon Dynasty were very difficult. Therefore, it was too unrealistic to keep 25 or 26 textbooks. Third, there was the problem of supply and demand of medical textbooks. Because the prices of these books were very high at that time, owning 25 or 26 medical books for an individual was a significant financial hardship. This study was able to confirm this through various forms of circumstantial evidence. However, more historical materials should be discovered in the future and research should be conducted to more accurately grasp the situation of the time.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.216-233
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• 2003

This study delineates the phenomena related with global environmental changes such as global warming, ozone depletion, and El Ni${\tilde{n}}$o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) noted in the Antarctic. Retreat of ice cliffs, glaciers, and calving of ice shelves indicate the effects of recently aggravated global warming. The ice cliff located at Marian Cove, King George Island, South Shetland Islands off the Antarctic Peninsula has been observed to be retreating faster in the last 7 years than in the previous 38 years since 1956. There are some indications of temperature and precipitation changes associated with ENSO around King Sejong Station. The regression analyses indicate significant trends such as a decrease in the total amount of ozone and an increase in ultraviolet radiation which was seen by a satellite (TOMS-EUV) in September and October which correspond to ozone-hole season over King Sejong Station. Increase of UV radiation due to the ozone depletion in the Antarctic has changed the growth rate of marine organisms. It may also result in changes to the productivity, biomass, and species composition of marine organisms which can affect the whole marine ecosystem. The recent ice-core drilling over Lake Vostok has been reviewed with emphasis on the four cycles of glacial stages over the past 420,000 years. It is time to show more interest in mainland Antarctica through investigations of the coring and vast ice sheet, terrestrial geology, and upper atmospheric sciences in order to understand the past environmental changes and to predict possible changes to the environment in the future.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.63-79
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand the architectural space of Gwolnaegaksa (闕內各司), the Government office in the palace, in the early Joseon Dynasty. The Royal palace can be divided into three parts, political space for king, living space for king and his family and government office. So first, we should to understand the characteristics of each space in the Royal Palace. Up to now we have looked at the architectural space of Gwolnaegaksa in Gyeongbokgung (景福宮), one of the Royal Palace, the result of this study is as followings. There were not many Gwolnaegaksas in the early days in Gyeongbokgung. After King Sejong, some office buildings were established in that palace. King's closest guards, like as Seonjeonkwan (宣傳官), Gyumsabok (兼司僕), Naegeumwi (內禁衛) had been on duty in Sajeongjeon Haengrang (思政殿 行廊), a kind of servants' quarters. Bincheong (賓廳), a conference room of high-ranking government officials was situated in Geungjeon Haengrang (勤政殿 行廊). There were also barracks of other palace guards in Geungjeon Haengrang. Gyeongyeoncheong (經筵廳), a place to prepare and wait, was built separately from Geungjeon Haengrang Layout drawings of Gyeongbokgung painted since the 18th century were different from document in some parts. The arrangement of the Gwolnaegaksa was assumed like as the Fig. 9.