• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.60-76
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and standardized "The Survey on School Foodservice Program" that can identify the current status of school meals on the nationwide level. Methods: This study was carried out in six steps of the analysis of report/investigation data related to school foodservice in metropolitan and provincial offices of education, analysis of preceding research related to the actual status of school foodservice, field verification of the actual condition of the school foodservice site, development of a draft of "The Survey on School Foodservice Program", pilot study of a draft of "The Survey on School Foodservice Program", and suggestions of a final model of "The Survey on School Foodservice Program" from August to December, 2017. Statistical analysis was performed for frequency analysis and descriptive analysis using the SPSS program ver. 23. Results: A draft of "The Survey on School Foodservice Program" was developed by analyzing the current status of report/research data on school meals in metropolitan and provincial offices of education, analyzing the preceding research on school meals, and identifying the actual conditions at school foodservice sites. To verify the validity of the school foodservice survey questionnaire, 1,031 schools were sampled from a total of 10,251 schools and the pilot test of '2017 School Foodservice Survey' was conducted. The final model of "The Survey on School Foodservice Program" consisted of 12 survey sections, 29 survey categories, and 433 survey items, and the survey cycle was set for one year and three years for each survey item. Conclusions: Based on the objective statistical data through "The Survey on School Foodservice Program", it is possible to develop the school foodservice policy, which will help establish the reliability of the school meals.

• Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2018

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been a gold standard for investigating central motor pathways in humans. Diffusion tensor imaging with fiber tractography (DTI FT) is known for its usefulness in detecting white matter lesion in vivo. We investigated the clinical usefulness of elucidating the integrity and continuity of corticospinal tract (CST) by combined use of TMS and DTI FT in this study. We report two cases who have presented with left hemiparesis and evaluated by both TMS and DTI FT; 10-year-old boy with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episode syndrome and 20-year-old woman with traumatic brain injury. Combined use of TMS and DTI FT successfully led to localize the brain lesion that might cause motor impairment in patients with abnormal signal intensities in MRI. The results of this study suggest that TMS and DTI FT might provide the detailed information between function and anatomy of the CST, complementarily.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.357-363
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• 2021

In general, people choose clothes to wear when they go out, referring to real-time weather and temperature. However, it is difficult for an individual to use real-time weather information and his or her temperature sensitivity information to choose the right clothes from among the clothes he or she owns. Existing clothing recommendation systems developed to help with these problems have problems recommending clothes that are not clearly set in the clothing category and are not in the possession of the user. In addition, user-specific temperature sensitivity is not taken into account, resulting in inappropriate clothing recommendations for users. To solve these problems, this study developed a system that determines and registers clothing categories for the clothing owned by the user, and recommends customized clothing for each user by considering temperature sensitivity and real-time weather information. In the case of weather information, not only weather information such as temperature and wind direction, but also clothes based on temperature sensitivity were recommended based on the calculation of temperature sensitivities. A satisfaction survey of 65 university students was conducted to assess the system. As a result, 80% of the respondents were satisfied with the recommended clothing, indicating that the satisfaction of the system was good. Therefore, it is expected that this system will be highly utilized in real life as it will be recommended based on clothes owned by individuals, reflecting individual temperature sensitivity.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

In this study, the distribution and habitat characteristics of Odontobutis obscura were investigated. It is a freshwater fish species which belongs to the Class I Endangered species as specified by the Ministry of Environment of South Korea. Sampling was conducted in the Sanyang Stream watershed between April and August of 2016. The Sanyang Stream watershed includes the Sanyang and Gucheon Streams, and their tributaries. Odontobutis obscura was caught at every sampling site, except sites 1~3, which are located in the lower part of the Sanyang Stream. Its habitat range extended from the headwaters to the lower parts of the stream that were not impacted by the South Sea. Salinity was the major factor limiting the distribution of O. obscura in the Sanyang Stream watershed. All individuals of O. obscura were caught in areas where the substrate composition was over 50% gravel. Furthermore, the substrate composition seems to be the most important habitat factor affecting spawning of O. obscura. Ecological studies of O. obscura are scarce, and this study is the first to report a detailed distribution for the species. Further studies on the physiology and ecology of O. obscura are essential for establishing preservation strategies for this endangered species.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.48-65
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Changbudodam-tang on obesity by using high-fat diet rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups. Normal group: Normal diet, Control group: High-fat diet, Positive control group: High-fat diet+Dietamin 4 mg/kg/day, Changbudodam-tang-Low group: High-fat diet+Changbudodam-tang 250 mg/kg/day, Changbudodam-tang-High group: High-fat diet+Changbudodam-tang 500 mg/kg/day. Weight, food intake were measured every week. After 7 weeks, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Triglyceride, free fatty acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, complete blood count were measured and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, leptin were observed using Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of liver cells. Results: There was no difference in food intake between groups. Body weight tended to decrease compared with the Control group, but it wasn't statistically meaningfull. The total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Triglyceride, free fatty acid tended to decrease compared with the Control group. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol tended to decrease compared with the Control group, but it wasn't statistically meaningfull. White blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, platelet, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase were not affected by Changbudodam-tang. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of Adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, leptin, which are involved in the differentiation of adipocytes, was decreased compared with the Control group. Conclusions: Based on the results above, it is suggested that Changbudodam-tang can be applied to improving serum lipid levels in obese patients caused by high fat diets.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2021

In this study, (GaN)_1-x(ZnO)_x solid solution nanoparticles with a high zinc content are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and subsequent nitridation. The structure and morphology of the samples are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The characterization results show a phase transition from the Zn and Ga-based oxides (ZnO or ZnGa₂O₄) to a (GaN)_1-x(ZnO)_x solid solution under an NH3 atmosphere. The effect of the precursor solution concentration and nitridation temperature on the final products are systematically investigated to obtain (GaN)_1-x(ZnO)_x nanoparticles with a high Zn concentration. It is confirmed that the powder synthesized from the solution in which the ratio of Zn and Ga was set to 0.8:0.2, as the initial precursor composition was composed of about 0.8-mole fraction of Zn, similar to the initially set one, through nitriding treatment at 700℃. Besides, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited the typical XRD pattern of (GaN)_1-x(ZnO)_x, and a strong absorption of visible light with a bandgap energy of approximately 2.78 eV, confirming their potential use as a hydrogen production photocatalyst.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1109-1124
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• 2022

This study proposes a marine debris monitoring methods using satellite and drone multispectral images. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model was applied to detect marine debris using Sentinel-2 satellite image. And for the detection of marine debris using drone multispectral images, performance evaluation and comparison of U-Net, DeepLabv3+ (ResNet50) and DeepLabv3+ (Inceptionv3) among deep learning models were performed (mIoU 0.68). As a result of marine debris detection using satellite image, the F1-Score was 0.97. Marine debris detection using drone multispectral images was performed on vegetative debris and plastics. As a result of detection, when DeepLabv3+ (Inceptionv3) was used, the most model accuracy, mean intersection over union (mIoU), was 0.68. Vegetative debris showed an F1-Score of 0.93 and IoU of 0.86, while plastics showed low performance with an F1-Score of 0.5 and IoU of 0.33. However, the F1-Score of the spectral index applied to generate plastic mask images was 0.81, which was higher than the plastics detection performance of DeepLabv3+ (Inceptionv3), and it was confirmed that plastics monitoring using the spectral index was possible. The marine debris monitoring technique proposed in this study can be used to establish a plan for marine debris collection and treatment as well as to provide quantitative data on marine debris generation.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 2021

This study was conducted on October 23, 2020 at the Cheongpyeong Reservoir located in Seorakmyeon, Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, and analyzed the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of fish based on data obtained using fishfinder. The total surface area of fishfinder survey conducted was 782,853 m², and where the water depth (WD) ranges from 10 m to 12 m is widest which 31.7% of total surface area. As a result of the heat map analysis, fish density was highest at right bank under the Gapyeong-bridge, but there was no specific pattern in horizontal distribution of fish. As a result of vertical distribution of fish analysis, 86.6% of fishes are observed at below 6 m of the fish depth (FD, distance from water surface to fish). As a result of the relative height (RH, water depth-distance from bottom to fish ratio) analysis, there was a tendency that fishes are distributed in near surface area more as the WD increased. This tendency could have various reasons such as water temperature gradient along the water depth, and further studies are required for detailed explanation.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of Naetakbaekryeom-san (NTB), and whether it could be another treatment for inflammatory diseases. Methods The NTB water extract was extracted with hot water at 100℃ for 2 hours, concentrated at 80℃ under reduced pressure, and used. After 2 hours of pretreatment with NTB and positive control Bay11-7082, nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1𝛽, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-𝛼) were measured in RAW264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 500 ng/mL. After 2 hours of pretreatment with NTB, the anti-inflammatory effect of NTB was evaluated by measuring nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-𝜅B) in RAW264.7 cells and 293T cells activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetic acid (PMA) 30 ng/mL. Results In RAW264.7 cells activated with LPS, NTB at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity, significantly inhibited NO production and inhibition of iNOS expression. TNF-𝛼 cytokine levels was not regulated, but NTB at each concentration inhibited the production of IL-1𝛽 and IL-6, and the effect was higher than that of the positive control Bay11-7082 (20 𝜇M). In PMA-activated RAW264.7 cells and 293T cells, each concentration of NBT decreased the NF-𝜅B transcriptional activity, with the greatest decrease at 1 mg/mL. Conclusions These results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of NTB water extracts, but further studies such as comparison of anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant effects by NTB component, comparison of effects according to extraction solvents, and clinical studies are needed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.304-315
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• 2008

The total suspended particles (TSP) collected at the 1100 site of Mt. Halla have shown higher compositions for the anthropogenic components followed by marine and soil originated ones. The concentrations of the soil originated nss-$Ca^{2+}$, Al, Fe, Ca components have been increased in spring, and the anthropogenic $NH{_4}^+$, $K^+$, nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$ components showed high concentrations in June. Meanwhile, the concentration of $NO{_3}^-$ as same as nss-$Ca^{2+}$ was higher in spring. It's likely due to the influence of its long-range transport from China. Compared to the non-Asian Dust periods, the concentrations of nss-$Ca^{2+}$, Al, Ca, and Fe have been increased 7.2~9.5 times in Asian Dust storm periods, and those of nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO{_3}^-$ were 1.3 and 3.8 times, respectively. From the factor analysis, the TSP compositions were influenced mainly by anthropogenic emission sources, followed by oceanic and soil sources. The backward trajectory analysis has shown that the concentrations of the anthropogenic and soil components were increased when the air parcels had been moved into Jeju island via China in a northwesterly wind.