• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.171-183
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• 2016

The effects of weather variations on winter hulless barley were analyzed using data obtained from winter crop situation test at Iksan from 1985 to 2015. The wintering stage in the 16 years from 2000 to 2015 has become colder and shorter than that in the previous 15 years from 1985 to 1999. This has resulted in an early sequence of regrowth date, heading date, and ripening date. Heading date of hulless barley was mostly influenced by regrowth date and period of stem elongation. Futher, the regrowth date and period of stem elongation were strongly negatively correlated with the average air temperature in February and the maximum air temperature in March, respectively. The number of spikes per $m^2$ and 1000-grain weight of Saechalssal cultivated from 2003 to 2015 showed strong positive correlations with yield. In early heading years, yield increased with extended ripening period and with increased 1000-grain weight. There was a strong negative correlation between 1000-grain weight and the average temperature during the ripening period. In the 15 years from 1985 to 1999, warm winters contributed to yield increase with increase in the number of spikes per $m^2$ and a long ripening period. In contrast, in the recent 16 years from 2000 to 2015, the large variability in air temperature during the wintering stage, the decreasing number of spikes per $m^2$ and the steadily increasing air temperature and decreasing precipitation during the ripening stage have caused high temperature stress and yield loss in late heading years.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 2018

Reduction in the occurrence of weed and erosion of slope soil by living mulch barley simultaneously sown with soybean were investigated at the Upland Experimental Field in Suwon City in 2013 and 2014. The aboveground dry matter of 200-300, 100-200 kg/10a of living mulch barley was obtained at 40 and 60 after sowing, respectively. The occurrence of weeds was significantly reduced by barley living mulch. The early growth of soybean was reduced significantly because of the competition with barley living mulch, but the late growth of soybean after natural drying of barley living mulch was recovered considerably. The soybean grain yield with barley living mulch was similar to that of the normal soybean cultivation, showing no significant difference between no mulch and living mulch treatments. With respect to soil erosion on the slope soil, the amount of run-off water decreased by 20-50% and the amount of soil loss decreased by 70-90% by barley living mulch. The reduction in soil erosion by the use of plastic film + barley living mulch was similar to that of only barley living mulch. The barley living mulch in soybean production can be a promising cultivation technique as it reduces weed occurrence and soil erosion without grain yield reduction.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the symptoms and care needs of home-based cancer patients in Korea and to add to the scarce literature on this topic. Methods: Data were collected from patients who subscribed to home-based cancer care services in Jinju. Assessments were performed by nurses at the local public health center. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System with a numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to identify symptoms, and a four-point Likert scale was used to assess psychological, social, and spiritual needs. Results: Cross-sectional data were collected in October 2013. A total of 209 patients participated and their median age was 65 years (range, 17~89 years). Most patients were diagnosed in the early stage of cancer (n=188); only 19 patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage. More than half the patients lived alone (n=115, 55.0%) and took care of themselves (n=128, 61.2%). Anorexia and fatigue were the most common symptoms (median NRS, 5 and 4, respectively). Patients needed economic support the most, whereas spiritual care was least needed (n=138 [67.3%] vs. n=128 [62.1%], respectively). Conclusion: Patients who signed up for home-based cancer care services in Jinju are struggling with a financial issue and physical symptoms. A customized approach is needed to improve the quality of the home-based care services.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2003

In order to preserve the soundness of agro-ecosystem and products safety in agriculture, this study was evaluated environmental impact in relation to the INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) and IPM (Integrated Pest Management) at paddy fields at Ok-Chun and Yang-Pyung region. By introduction of INM with the application of BB(bulk-blanded) fertilizer based on soil analysis and IPM, the application rate of fertilizer was reduced to about $28.6{\sim}39.4%$ and the yield of brown rice was increased to about $3{\sim}10%$ compared to conventional practices. The concentrations of COD, $NH_4-N$, and $NO_3-N$ in irrigation water flowed to the environmental-friendly agriculture practices were 15.0, 0.67, and 1.39 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of COD, $NH_4-N$, and $NO_3-N$ from paddy fields in drainage water were 12.4, 0.29, and 2.42 mg/L, respectively. The total number of the freshwater invertebrates was higher in field treated with fertilization by prescription with soil testing. Also, the population density of aquatic insects was higher than the other fields at both demonstration villages. In conclusion, it was possible to reduce the amount of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals application, and increase the yield of rice by application of the environmental-friendly agriculture practices.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

Purpose : To assess the early complication of laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation in children. Methods : Medical record review was carried out on 21 laparoscopic and 16 conventional peritoneal dialysis catheter implantations which were performed in 31 children under 18 years of age between 2002 and 2006. All medical records were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed until 2 months after catheter placement. Patient characteristics and catheterrelated complications, such as significant bleeding, leakage, obstruction, migration, insertion site infection and peritonitis during the first 60 days after implantation were recorded. Results : After conventional operation, dialysate leakage occurred in 2 of 16 cases and all cases improved after conservative management. In 1 case, significant bleeding occurred and re-operation was performed. Three cases of obstruction due to migration were reported, 2 cases underwent reoperation and 1 case improved without intervention. After laparoscopic surgery, outflow obstruction occurred in 1 out of 21 cases, which was caused by adhesion after several reinsertions of the catheter and recurrent peritonitis. No migration was noted after laparoscopic surgery. There was no significant difference in the complication rate between the two groups. Conclusion : Laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter placement is feasible in children of all age groups, with at least equivalent functional results compared to conventional surgery. The additional advantage of laparoscopic catheter insertion is the option to identify and eliminate anatomical risk factors, such as intra-abdominal adhesions, and to perform partial omentectomy without additional incisions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

Purpose : Combined MR/PET scanners that use the MRI for PET AC face the challenge of absent surface coils in MR images and thus cannot directly account for attenuation in the coils. To make up for the weak point of MR attenuation correction, Three Modality System (PET/CT +MR) were used in Severance hospital. The goal of this work was to investigate the effects of MR Torso Coil on CT attenuation correction for PET. Materials and Methods : PET artifacts were evaluated when the MR Torso Coil was present of CTAC data with changing various kV and mA in uniformity water phantom and 1994 NEMA cylinderical phantom. They evaluated and compared the following two scenarios: (1) The uniform cylinder phantom and the MR Torso Coil scanned and reconstructed using CT-AC; (2) 1994 NEMA cylinderical phantom and the MR Torso Coil scanned and reconstructed using CT-AC. Results : Streak artifacts were present in CT images containing the MR Torso Coil due to metal components. These artifacts persisted after the CT images were converted for PET-AC. CT scans tended to over-estimate the linear attenuation coefficient when the kV and mA is increasing of the metal components when using conventional methods for converting from CT number. Conclusion : The presence of MR coils during PET/CT scanning can cause subtle artifacts and potentially important quantification errors. Alternative CT techniques that mitigate artifacts should be used to improve AC accuracy. When possible, removing segments of an MR coil prior to the PET/CT exam is recommended. Further, MR coils could be redesigned to reduce artifacts by rearranging placement of the most attenuating materials.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2012

Purpose : At this time, the sentinel lymph node mapping using radioisotope and blue dye is preceded for breast cancer patient's sentinel lymph node biopsy. But all patients were applied the same protocol without consideration of physical specific character like the breast sizes and body mass indexes. The purpose of this study is search the optimized scan time in breast sentinel lymphangiography by observing how much the body mass index and breast size influence speed of lymphatic flow. Materials and Methods : The Object of this study was 100 breast cancer patients(Female, 100 persons, average age $50.34{\pm}10.26$ years old)at Severance hospital from October 2011 to December 2011. They were scanned breast sentinel lymphangiography before operation. This study was performed on Forte dual heads gamma camera (Philips Medical Systems, Nederland B.V.). All patients were intra-dermal injected $^{99m}Tc$-Phytate 18.5 MBq, 0.5 ml. For 80 patients, we have scanned without limitation of scan time until the lymphatic flow from the lymph node since injection. We measured how long the lymphatic flow time between departures from injects site and arrival to lymph node using stopwatch. After we calculated patient's Body mass Index and classified as 4 groups. And we measured patient's breast size and classified 3 groups. The modified breast lymphangiography that changing scan time according to comparison study's result was performed on 20 patients and was estimated. Results : The mean scan time as breast size was A group 2.48 minutes, B group 7.69 minutes, C group 10.43 minutes. The mean scan time as body mass index was under weight 1.35 minutes, normal weight 2.56 minutes, slightly over 5.62 minutes, over weighted 5.62 minutes. The success rate of modified breast lymphangiography was 85%. Conclusion : As the Body mass index became higher and breast size became bigger, the total scan time is increased. Based on the obtained information, we designed modified breast lymphangiography protocol. At the cases applying that protocol, most of sentinel lymph nodes were visualized as lymphatic pool. In conclusion, we found that the more success rate in modified protocol considering physical individuality than study carrying out in the same protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.87-102
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• 2008

시설재배 토양에 녹비작물 재배와 고추재배, 휴경을 반복하면서, 외부 유기자재 투입을 최소화 하고 2년 동안 토양에 물리, 화학성에 변화를 추적하여 궁극적으로 녹비작물을 이용한 유기고추 시설 무경운 재배기술을 개발 하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 1. 고추 시설재배지 녹비작물 재배가 녹비 수량 및 토양 이화학성에 미치는 영향 시설재배지의 겨울 녹비작물을 1월 30일 파종하여 4월 5일에 조사한 결과 수량은 호밀과 보리녹비가 $518{\sim}677kg/10a$로 완두콩과 헤어리베치 $287{\sim}354kg/10a$에 비하여 건물수량이 현저하게 많았다. 녹비작물의 식물체내 총질소 함량이 완두콩과 헤어리베치, 보리가 호밀에 비하여 많았으며, 보리가 타 작물에 비하여 $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ 함량이 높았고, 두과작물인 완두콩과 헤어리베치가 화본 과인 호밀과 보리녹비에 비하여 CaO과 MgO 함량이 많았다. 녹비작물의 토양중 무기성분 고정량이 화본과인 호밀과 보리녹비의 총질소량은 10a당 $17{\sim}18kg$, $P_2O_5$, 4.7kg, $K_2O$ $31{\sim}33kg$ 수준으로, 두과 녹비작물인 완두콩과 헤어리베치에 비하여 총질소, $P_2O_5$, 양이온인 $K_2O$ 높았으나, CaO과 MgO 고정량은 큰 차가 없었다. 2. 녹비작물 재배 후작 유기재배 고추의 생육 및 수량 겨울 재배 녹비작물을 트렉터로 로터리 작업하여 토양에 환원한 후 홍고추를 2007년 4월 27일 정식하여 조사한 결과 생육에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 고추 수량은 호밀녹비 재배지가 헤어리베치 재배지에 비하여 증수되는 경향을 보였다. 3. 시설재배지 2차 녹비작물 재배 시 녹비수량 및 토양 이화학성 2007년 12월 18일 2차 녹비작물을 파종 재배하여 생육량을 조사한 결과 건물 수량은 10a당 호밀은 720kg, 보리는 528kg, 헤어리베치는 230kg, 완두콩과 잡초는 217kg 수준이었다. 녹비작물 생체중의 일일 증가량은 호밀과 보리는 100kg/10a/day, 헤어리베치는 10a당 65kg 정도가 하루에 증가되었다. 녹비작물의 총질소 고정량은 화본인 보리와 호밀 녹비작물이 두과작물보다 건물수량이 많아서 2배정도 많았고, 인산은 $2.7{\sim}3.7$배, 가리의 고정량은 $2.2{\sim}2.6$배 정도 많았다. 4. 녹비작물 재배 후작 무경운 고추 유기재배의 생육 및 수량 2차 녹비작물 재배 토양에 무경운으로 풋고추를 2008년 4월 1일 정식하여 재배한 결과 녹비작물 종류에 따른 고추의 생육차는 인정되지 않았으나, 고추 수량은 무처리와 보리예취 이용 처리 및 녹비 생산량이 적은 완두콩 재배지에서 많았다. 5. 녹비작물과 고추 유기재배에 따른 시설토양 이화학성의 경시적 변화 비닐온실내의 토양에 무기화학성의 경시적 변화를 추적하여 본 결과 토양 pH는 녹비작물 재배 시 증가되는 경향을 보였으나, 고추재배 후에는 다시 토양 pH가 감소되었다. 토양에 EC는 녹비작물 재배 후 감소되었으나, 고추재배 후에는 다시 토양 EC농도가 증가되었다. 1차 녹비작물 재배 후에는 토양에 증가되었으나, 고추 재배 후에는 유기물함량이 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 토양에 총질소 함량은 녹비작물 2회 재배와 첫 번째 고추재배에서 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 두 번째 고추재배에서 급격한 증가를 보였다. 인산에 함량은 녹비작물재배와 고추 재배 시 미미하지만 공히 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 토양의 양이온 치환용량과 양이온인 토양 K, Ca, Mg함량은 녹비작물과 고추재배 시 감소되는 경향을 보였고, 고추재배에서는 같은 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.119-129
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• 2004

This paper is designed to report the results of development and validation procedures in relation to the Freeway Incident Management System (FIMS) prototype development as part of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research and Development program. The central core of the FIMS is an integration of the component parts and the modular, but the integrated system for freeway management. The whole approach has been component-orientated, with a secondary emphasis being placed on the traffic characteristics at the sites. The first action taken during the development process was the selection of the required data for each components within the existing infrastructure of Korean freeway system. After through review and analysis of vehicle detection data, the pilot site led to the utilization of different technologies in relation to the specific needs and character of the implementation. This meant that the existing system was tested in a different configuration at different sections of freeway, thereby increasing the validity and scope of the overall findings. The incident detection module has been performed according to predefined system validation specifications. The system validation specifications have identified two component data collection and analysis patterns which were outlined in the validation specifications; the on-line and off-line testing procedural frameworks. The off-line testing was achieved using asynchronous analysis, commonly in conjunction with simulation of device input data to take full advantage of the opportunity to test and calibrate the incident detection algorithms focused on APID, DES, DELOS and McMaster. The simulation was done with the use of synchronous analysis, thereby providing a means for testing the incident detection module.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Purpose: To analyze the postoperative radiotherapy results and prognostic factors in patients with WHO grade 3 and 4 gliomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 99 patients with malignant gliomas who underwent postoperative radiotherapy between 1988 and 2007 were enrolled in this study. Total resections, subtotal resections ($\geq$50%), partial resections (<50%), and biopsies were performed in 16, 38, 22, and 23 patients, respectively. In total there were 32, 63 and 4 WHO grade 3, 4, and unspecified high grade gliomas, respectively. The biologically equivalent dose was in the range of 18.6 to $83.3\;Gy_{10}$ (median dose, $72.2\;Gy_{10}$). We retrospectively analyzed survival rate, patterns of failure, prognostic factors, and adverse effects. Results: The median follow-up time was 11 months and there were 54 patients (54.5%) with local failure. The one and 2-year survival rates were 56.6% and 29.3%, respectively, and the median survival duration was 13 months. The one and 2-year progression-free survival rates (PFS) were 31.3% and 18.2%, respectively, and the median PFS was 7 months. The prognostic factors for overall survival were age (p=0.0001), surgical extents (subtotal resection, p=0.023; partial resection, p=0.009; biopsy only, p=0.002), and enhancement of tumor in postoperative imaging study (p=0.049). The factors affecting PFS were age (p=0.036), tumor enhancement of the postoperative imaging study (p=0.006). There were 3 patients with grade 3 and 4 side effects during and after radiotherapy. Conclusions: In addition to age and surgical extents, tumor enhancement of the postoperative imaging study was included in the prognostic factors. The most common relapse patterns were local failures and hence, additional studies are needed to improve local control rates.