• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2008

Hwa-byung is a form of psychogenic illness among people in Korea and is listed as a culture-bound syndrome of Korea in the DSM-IV. Despite increased clinical researches for Hwa-byung in the oriental medicine of Korea, there has been no agreement of pattern identification for Hwa-byung. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 15 neuropsychiatry professors of 11 oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts attended 2 consultation meetings and discussed developing the instrument. and we also took professional advices by e-mail. The results were as follows; First, we divided the symptoms and signs of Hwa-byung into five pattern identification - stagnation of liver Qi, flare-up of the liver fire, disharmony between heart and kidney, deficiency of both Qi and blood, malfunction of gallbladder due to phlegm stagnation. Second, we got the mean weights to each symptom of five pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale - ranging from 0 to 4 by the 15 experts. Third, we made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for Hwa-byung. It was composed of 34 questions and decided on question-and-answer form. Though there are some limits in this study, the instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to improve the instrument and make up for this study through various research and discussion.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.221-243
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• 2003

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss may be defined as a severe loss of hearing occurring within a short space of time without any obvious cause. Its etiology is not verified yet, treatment and prognosis are uncertain. Objectives: We reviewed 6 cases of patients who hospitalized in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center Dept. of Otolaryngology. Using the criteria of Siegel and Research Team of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, We are to evaluate the effect of Herb medication, Acupuncture therapy, and Negative therapy. We also attempted to search effective methods of therapy of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: We treated them with Oyaksunki-san(烏藥順氣散) for softening qi-stagnation and supressing 'Wind'(順氣治風), Chungsimjihwang-tang(淸心地黃湯) for strengthening 'Heart' and 'Kidney'(補心益腎), Boikyangwi-tang(補益養胃湯) for strengthening 'Wi-qi' and 'Stomach'(補衛(胃)氣). We also used acupuncture therapy and negative therapy based on the textbook of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Results: One patient recovered completely after 5 days therapy, two patient markedly, another two patient slightly and one patient had no improvement. Conclusions: To treat sudden hearing loss, we can use Oyaksunki-san(烏藥順氣散) in the early stage of the disease. We can treat with Chungsimjihwang-tang(淸心地黃湯) and Boikyangwi-tang(補益養胃湯) in the late period of the disease, and administer Jaeumgenby-tang(滋蔭健脾湯) for suppressing tinnitus. If there is evidence of viral infection and the patient have too severe hearing loss, We can also use steroid in combination with Herb medication in the early stage of the disease. The Western medicine demonstrated that the start time of treatment had influence on recovery. If we started Oriental medical treatment within a week from the onset of sudden deafness. we will obtain the desired results. As the Western medical treatment does, Oriental medical therapy may have no effect after one month from onset of the disease.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.251-268
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• 2001

We arrived at the following conclusion after we have studied crohn's disease through the literatures of western and oriental medicine. 1. Crohn's disease has a characteristic of granulomatous necrosis and cicatricial inflammation which is called by segmental enteritis, granulomatous enteritis. This falls under the category of "Diarrhea", "Dysentery" and is similar to "small intestinal diarrhea", "acute temesmus", "splenic diarrhea" in oriental medicine. 2. In western medicine, the cause of crohn's disease indefinites, but it is presumed immunological unbalance of alimentary canal. In oriental medicine, it is summarized as the abnormal ascending and descending circulation of stomach and splenic energies, the hepatic stagnation, being the lower part of cleaning qi by exogenous disease, dyspeptic convulsion. 3. The presenting symptoms of crohn's disease are intermittent chronic diarrhea, fever, weight loss, abdominal spastic pain or abdominal discomfort. When anyone has a abdominal mass, a rectal abcess, and a rectal constriction by physical examination, we can doubt crohn's disease. 4. The methods of western medical treatment are a suppression of intestinal toxic contents and inflammatory mediator, a supply of nutritive substanceus to intestinal epithelial cell. Oriental medical treatments of these are "inducing diuresis", "warming kidney to reinforce yang", "nourishing qi to invigorate spleen", "eliminatin dampness by cooling" according to syndrome differentiations. As mentioned above, we can confirm possibility of oriental medical treatment that induces recovery of immunologic control function and we need advanced experiment, study, and clinical approach.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.337-352
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• 2000

According to the literatual study on the Infantile Vomiting since the publication of ${\ll}Hwangjenaekung{\gg}$, the results were as follows. 1. The causes of vomiting are classified into the following kind: external cause are the cold and heat, not external and internal are disorder of food and mood, internal are the dysfuntion of spleen, stomach, liver, kidney. 2. The Oriental Medical cause of Infantile Vomiting is disorder of food, intusion of outside evil, heat accumulation in the stomach, deficiency of stomach liquid, reverse flowing of Qi resulted from fear and being frightened. There are so many causes of Infantile Vomiting, but they are all related to the stomach. 3. The Western Medical cause of Infantile Vomiting are classified with the situation of stimulation, age, accompanied symptom. The main cause related with the age is inhalation of amniotic fluid, maternal blood, infectious disease, wrong lactation method, functional and organic abnormality. 4. The Infantile Vomiting is similar with the adults, but the spleen and stomach of infants is so feeble that the vomiting happens very easily. The reverse flowing of Qi resulted from fear and being frightened and disorder of food are the main cause in infants. 5. The cause of Infantile Vomiting between Oriental Medicine and Western's is so similar and both emphasized the function of spleen and stomach. But the comment on the external cause(cold, heat) and not internal & external cause(mood disorder) is a creative view of Oriental Medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.48-72
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to comprehend the syndrome differentiations of dysmenorrhea and find out their clinical symptoms, tongue images and pulse patterns by analyzing previous studies. Methods: The following researches were collected by searching the medical journals published from November, 2007 to October, 2017, from KISS, OASIS, CNKI. : researches on the syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, researches on the criteria of diagnosis of syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, randomized controlled trials (RCT) used syndrome differentiation for treating dysmenorrhea. Results: By investigating the frequency of syndrome differentiations used in RCT studies, the frequent ones were chosen. They were qi stagnation and blood stasis (氣滯血瘀), qi-blood deficiency (氣血虛弱), congealing cold with blood stasis (寒凝血瘀), liver-kidney depletion (肝腎虧損), blood stasis with dampness-heat (濕熱瘀阻). Conclusion: 4 syndrome differentiations were frequently used in RCT studies. And the frequency of clinical symptoms on each syndrome differentiations from each RCT study was analyzed and compared. Clinical symptoms chosen as chief symptoms in more than one reference, appeared in more than half of the references, most frequent tongue images and pulse conditions were organized. The most frequent clinical symptoms included the period and pattern of pain, the accompanying symptoms of whole-body and the pattern of menstrual bleeding.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-208
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• 2009

Purpose: In oriental medicine, doctors have mainly made diagnosis and treatment with amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs patients have. We think patients with amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period to have symptoms that are classified into one differentiation of syndromes, and then studied to make the index. This study has been carried out to investigate pattern identifications and classify symptoms according to them. Methods: We examined 52 patients who visited Dong-eui university oriental medical center from June 2005 to February 2009 for undergoing treatment for amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period and made OB & GY questionnaires up Results: We investigated whether the patients had symptoms concerned with symptom types by analyzing the result of DSOM(Diagnos System of Oriental Medicine, hearafter DSOM). It came out 51 cases among 52 with pathogenesis that was related to the symptom types. The symptom types of were surveyed into Insufficiency of Kidney and Liver(肝腎不足), Insufficiency of Qi and Blood(氣血虛弱), Insufficiency of Yin & Dryness of blood(陰虛血燥), stagnation of Qi and Blood(氣滯血瘀), phlegm and damp(痰濕阻滯), coldness of Blood(血寒), Heat of Heart(心火). Conclusion: As a result of the investigation, one case did not have symptoms of differentiation of syndromes of amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period. 29 cases had 1 or 2 differentiation of syndromes. 21 patients had such complex symptoms of diverse differentiation of syndromes that it was difficult to diagnose a differentiation of syndromes in clinical survey. It is necessary to put the priority among the differentiation of syndromes in diagnosis in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

In this paper, to find out how different the treatment of special individuals named 'old people' is with that of ordinary cases, Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) was chosen as the study material and some parts in it where the symptoms of old people in the same disease category were treated in different ways were excerpted to analyze the tendency of pathological symptoms and prescriptions in the physiological perspective. As the result of analysis on the parts in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) where the old people were treated in different ways, it turned out that 65 prescriptions were used in 24 pathological symptoms. The 24 symptoms are included mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. They are including the pathological symptoms which had been presented as general geriatric symptoms and also seems to have added other symptoms which should be clinically reflected in the specialty of treatment for geriatric diseases. The 65 prescriptions are also recorded mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. The herbs used for them were sweet and warm herbs such as Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertner) Libosch(熟地黃), Angelica gigas Nakai(當歸), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey(人蔘) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz(白朮) that can support the essence blood of liver and kidney and the energy of spleen, lung and stomach. Those herbs could be added or subtracted according to the symptom. It seems to have resulted from the treatment method that old people was applied to old people in consideration of their physiological features. When the 24 symptoms and 65 prescriptions for geriatric diseases different from ordinary ones in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) were considered in the physiological view point, it could be seen that each pathological symptom was manifested as a exhaustion of kidney qi(腎氣枯渴) which was a characteristic physiologic state of old people. Through this, it could be seen that the use of prescriptions was also made to mitigate the body fluid deficiency(津液不足), the kidney yin inner heat(腎陰內熱), the heart spirit void and loss(心神虛損), the kidney yang deficiency(腎陽不足), the spleen failing in transportation(脾失健運), the spleen yang deficiency(脾陽不足), the liver fire inner movement(肝火內動) and the lung energy void and loss(肺氣虛寒).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2013

Objectives: Medically unexplained fatigue includes chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and idiopathic chronic fatigue (ICF). These disorders quite impair quality of life while no effective therapies exist. Therefore, patients with CFS or ICF frequently choose treatments based on traditional Korean medicine. The study aimed to analyze characteristic of patients visiting an Oriental clinic with CFS or ICF. Methods: Patients who met criteria for CFS or ICF were enrolled in this study, from March 2011 to Jun 2013. Clinical information focused on symptom differentiation and Sasang constitution was analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the frequency among sub-groups. Results: In total, 77 patients (49 male and 28 female) were diagnosed with CFS (17 male and 13 female) or ICF (32 male and 15 female). The symptom differentiation was 37.7%, 26.0%, 13.0%, and 23.3% for "Qi deficiency of both spleen and lung (脾肺氣虛)", "Yin deficiency of both liver and kidney (肝腎陰虛)", "Blood deficiency of both heart and spleen (心脾血虛)" and "Yang deficiency of both spleen and kidney (脾腎陽虛)", while Sasang constitutional distribution was 59.7%, 22.1% and 18.2% Soeumin, Taeumin and Soyangin, respectively. The fatigue severity was notably different between CFS ($63.7{\pm}12.1$) or ICF ($52.2{\pm}15.3$) according to the Chalder fatigue scale (10-point scale for eleven questions). There was statistical significance regarding symptom differentiation and Sasang constitution (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the process of traditional Korean medicine-based development of therapeutics for patients with chronic fatigue or related conditions, this report can serve as reference data.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2016

This study was understanding the application of Misutgaru in Diabetes mellitus. To address these concerns, this study was performed to provide basic ideas to further the understanding oriental medicinal cuisine and its application. Also this study designed to provide basic information applicable to promotion of health and medical cure for modern people through the Korean traditional dietary treatment. Basic data on the nutritional composition and oriental diet therapy area approach of Misutgaru was acquired to predict the usefulness of Misutgaru as tonify the liver and kidney. Thus nourish the blood through tonify the liver & kidney. Misutgaru energy was 309.76Kcal per 100g, crude protein was 39.27 g, crude fat was 4.40g, crude ash was 5.21g and carbohydrate was 28.27g per 100g. This study realize the value of functional effects on various foods with oriental theory. I want that many researchers concerning our traditional theory for dietary food effects.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

From the 24 kinds of literature on the Consumptive disease, it can be concluded as follows. 1. The consumptive disease is the Imparement of deficiency type due to overstrain. it is a general term for these all symptom such as and Deficiency of primordial Qi and Essence of life and blood. 2. The excessive fire due to Yin-Deficiency and the injury of spleen-stomach is accounted much of the cause of Consumptive disease. 3. The main cause of the Hepatic asthenia are the Anger, Consumption and over-thinking. 4. The symptoms of the Consumptive disease are mainly caused by the functional disorder of Liver taking charge of tendons. storing and regulating blood, Heart being in charge of blood circulation. taking charge of mental activities. Spleen taking charge of muscles, transforting and transforming nutrients. Lung taking charge of skins and hairs, taking charge of respirations, Kidney taking charge of bones, storing essence of life. 5. The main symptoms of Hepatic asthenia are flaccidity of muscles and temeons which causes limited movement caused by muscular atonia and the loss of bightness of eyes. 6. The main treatments of Consumptive disease are the invigorating the Spleen-stomach and the invigorating the Kidney and storing essence of life. 7. The treatments of Hepatic asthenia are the moderating the middle and the nourishing the muscles and tendons.