• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.10
• /
• pp.1600-1606
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to enhance our understanding of nitrogen (N) metabolism and mammary amino acid (AA) utilization in lactating cows with divergent phenotypes of residual feed intake (RFI). Methods: Fifty-three multiparous mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected for RFI measurements over a 50-d experimental period. The 26 cows with the most extreme RFI values were classified into the high RFI (n = 13) and low RFI (n = 13) groups, respectively, for analysis of N metabolism and AA utilization. Results: Compared with the high RFI cows, the low RFI animals had lower dry matter intake (p<0.01) with no difference observed in milk yield between the two groups (p>0.10). However, higher ratios of milk yield to dry matter intake (p<0.01) were found in the low RFI cows than in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had significant greater ratios of milk protein to metabolizable protein (p = 0.02) and milk protein to crude protein intake than the high RFI cows (p = 0.01). The arterial concentration and mammary uptake of essential AA (p<0.10), branched-chain AA (p<0.10), and total AA (p<0.10) tended to be lower in the low RFI cows. Additionally, the low RFI cows tended to have a lower ratio of AA uptake to milk output for essential AA (p = 0.08), branched-chain AA (p = 0.07) and total AA (p = 0.09) than the high RFI cows. Conclusion: In summary, both utilization of metabolizable protein for milk protein and mammary AA utilization are more efficient in cows with lower RFI than in the high RFI cows. Our results provide new insight into the protein metabolic processes (related to N and AA) involved in feed efficiency.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2000

M2PI is an active single chain mini-proinsulin with a 9-residue linker containing the turn-forming sequence 'YPGDV' between the B- and A-chains, but which retains about 50% of native insulin receptor binding activity. The refolding efficiency of M2PI is higher than proinsulin by 20-40% at alkaline pH, and native insulin is generated by the enzymatic conversion of M2PI. The solution structure of M2PI was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The global structure of M2PI is similar to that of native insulin, but the flexible linker between the B- and A-chains perturbed the N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain. The helix in the N-terminal A-chain is partly perturbed and the ${\beta}$-turn in the B-chain is disrupted in M2PI. However, the linker between the two chains was completely disordered indicating that the designed turn was not formed under the experimental conditions (20% acetic acid). Considering the fact that an insulin analogue, directly cross-linked between the C-terminus of the B-chain and the N-terminus of the A-chain, has negligible binding activity, a flexible linker between the two chains is sufficient to keep binding activity of M2PI, but the perturbed secondary structures are detrimental to receptor binding.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2011

Supply chain for the economic development of East Asian economic development model, the study's purpose is to establish. Korea, Japan, China, Russia and Asia, including North Korea and get the status of economic development by focusing on key issues and proposed solutions, within a few years of the coming of a new East Asian economic integration of new supply chain would like to prepare for the era. Weight The weight of the center to the center of East Asia, looking for techniques to approach the supply chain scenario, the economic development strategies and measures were studied. East Asia's economic potential value of the supply chain, identify and recognize the importance and benefits should be Presents detailed country-specific development strategies and leading Asian economies will have to pay the supply chain. Republic of Korea's leading East Asian economies in order to supply the industry, industry development strategy as detailed in the running to move. North and South Korea for economic integration, the era of supply-chain economy, you need to prepare calmly.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.118-127
• /
• 2010

Inter-vehicle communication is one of the most important parts in Intelligent Vehicle System. Through this communication, drivers can recognize what is happening out of their sights, such as the freezing condition of the street, traffic accidents, and so on. Each car in IVS gives various services to the drivers after analyzing those received information from cars or a base station. If the message is, however, exchanged from car to car directly, the computation cost which is needed for all the car to authenticate the transmitted message between nearby cars is tremendously high. Therefore, one can naturally think that the message communication between cars is performed with the help of the base station to reduce the computation cost. In this case where the base station collects all the information transmitted from cars and broadcasts them nearby, there should be an efficient way both for the base station to authenticate the car message within its communication range and for the car to authenticate the information received from the base station. In this paper, we present a two-way authentication protocol using a hash chain to efficiently exchange GPS information between a car and a base station. This information can be used to provide a driver with the navigation which displays all the moving cars around him in real time. When a car goes into an area of a base station, the car authenticates itself to the base station using its private key of PKI, sends a commitment of a hash chain, then starts to send a message with the hash value for authentication. The message includes GPS information, driver's status and so on. The base station also authenticates itself to the nearby cars using its private key, transmits the commitment of the hash chain, and sends all the messages gathered from cars with authentication information.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.4041-4059
• /
• 2019

Key establishment method based on channel reciprocity for time division duplex (TDD) system has earned a vital consideration in the majority of recent research. While most of the cellular systems rely on frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, especially the 5G network, which is not characterized by the channel reciprocity feature. This paper realizes the generation of a group secret key for multi-terminals communicated through a wireless network in FDD mode, by utilizing the nature of the physical layer for the wireless links between them. I consider a new group key generation approach, which using bitwise XOR with a modified pairwise secret key generation approach not based on the channel reciprocity feature. Precisely, this multi-node secret key agreement technique designed for three wireless network topologies: 1) the triangle topology, 2) the multi-terminal star topology, and 3) the multi-node chain topology. Three multi-node secret key agreement protocols suggest for these wireless communication topologies in FDD mode, respectively. I determine the upper bound for the generation rate of the secret key shared among multi-node, for the three multi-terminals topologies, and give numerical cases to expose the achievement of my offered technique.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2001

New product development has been a key element fur organizational evolution. The bulk of research about new product strategy has focused solely on new product development function itself. This paper investigates cross-functional elements in new product development. More specifically, we suggest that there must exist a fit between new product strategy and value chain strategy. It means that, in order to support new product development activity, there must exist a relevant value chain strategy. We consider three types of integration - internal integration, customer integration, and supplier integration - as strategic elements of value chain strategy. For the case of new product strategy, we consider market newness and product technology unfamiliarity as strategic elements. We also consider two types of learning characteristic, i.e., \\\"fast-adaptive learning\\\" and \\\"slow-adaptive leaning\\\" as control factor. Learning characteristic represents firms organizational capability related with organizational learning. For example, fur fast-adaptive learning case, the effect of integration appears early in time. System dynamics simulation is employed to verify our research framework. The results exhibit that there must exist cross-functional relationships between value chain strategy and new product strategy in order to shorten total development time.al development time.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This study investigates the key features of Quick Response as the fundamental form of supply chain collaboration by reviewing the selected past studies. Based on the findings from the literature review, this study provides the guideline for future researchers and business practitioners who search for more advanced collaboration programs. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducts the literature review on the past studies that had researched Quick Response. The selected studies are analyzed in terms of how to represent Quick Response in the models and which issue to address. Results - This study finds that the past studies lack a unified concept of Quick Response, and they fail to provide the consistent guideline on how to run this program in practices. The literature review also shows that only a small number of research issues has been addressed by most researchers. Conclusions - On the purpose of figuring out the real value of Quick Response, this study suggests that future studies apply its extensive application to the entire supply chain system. This study also shed light on the potential of Quick Response to be a more advanced supply chain collaboration program with additional collaborative functions other than information sharing.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2016

Developing the method for the selection of animal cell line producing therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) is invaluable as its market is rapidly growing. Although the quality of produced mAb is as important as quantity, however there is no method developed for the selective screening of cell lines on the basis of both quantity and quality. From recent reports, the ratio of light and heavy chain mRNAs of mAb in the cell is a key parameter for the indication of product quality. Therefore, it is obvious that developing the novel method that can detect both light and heavy chain mRNAs in single live cell will provide unprecedented opportunities in bio-industry. Here, we have constructed oligonucleotide probes, molecular beacons for the detection of light or heavy chain mRNAs, respectively, in the live cells producing mAbs. Both beacons showed increased fluorescent intensity after transient transfection of plasmid expressing mAbs analyzed by fluorometer. Flow cytometric analysis clearly demonstrated that both molecular beacons can simultaneously detect the expression of light and heavy chain mRNAs of mAb in the same cell. The technique described in the thesis provides the new direction and concept for developing the method for the smart selection of cell lines producing recombinant proteins including therapeutic mAbs.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.298-305
• /
• 2020

This paper deals with the implementation of electronic voting system using permissioned block chain technology. Cases studies have recently been under way in many industrial areas to review the application of the blockchain based electronic voting system. The existing electronic voting system was easily exposed by hacking because of its centralized characteristics, making it difficult to ensure the reliability and transparency of the voting system itself. In this study, we proposed key considerations and concepts to ensure the reliability and transparency of voters and voting stakeholder by utilizing a hyperledger fabric which is nowadays widely used as a permissioned blockchain.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2024

Recently, ESG management has become a global trend, receiving increasing attention from stakeholders such as consumers, investors, and governments, as regulations related to ESG disclosure and supply chain due diligence have been strengthened since the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment (UN PRI) was announced in 2006. ESG is an acronym for the environment (E), social (S), and governance (G) and is accepted as a key factor for the continuous survival and growth of a company. As a result, there are over 600 ESG management evaluation indicators operated domestically and internationally, and numerous global initiatives have emerged. Korea's Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy also announced "K-ESG Guidelines (December 2011)" and "K-ESG Guidelines for Supply Chain Response (December 22)" to help SMEs introduce ESG management and respond to supply chain due diligence. However, small-scale manufacturing companies with poor financial, human resources, and technological capabilities face significant challenges in introducing ESG management. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the current status of ESG management adoption in small-scale manufacturing companies with less than 150 people in Korea and propose activation plan ESG management based on the diagnostic requirements of the "Supply Chain Response K-ESG Guidelines."