• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2010

소나무에서 추출해낸 천연유기유황(Natural Sulfur)의 의학적 가치는 1972년 Jacob 박사와 Herschler 박사가 오래곤 과학대학에서 천연식이유황(Natural Sulfur/MSM)을 가지고 표피조직에 미치는 영향을 구명하면서 keratin 단백질에 대한 연구가 활성화 되기 시작하였다. 세포내 골격물질은 크게 형태와 조성에 따라서 actin microfilament, microtubule, 그리고 intermediate filament(IF)로 구분된다. keratin의 특성은 keratin intermediate family중에서 K17 IF가 새로운 기능을 나타내는데 피부세포의 성장에 핵심적인 조절 역할을 한다는 사실이 밝혀 지면서 Dr. Pierre A. Coulombe(The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)연구실은 브로컬리와 같은 십자화과 식물 등에 과량 존재하는 항산화 및 항암물질인 sulforaphane이 K17의 발현을 특이적으로 증가시킨다는 것을 알아내어 피부박리와 같은 피부손상을 기능적으로 복구시킬수 있음을 확인하였다. 현재는 수포성 표피박리증 환자군의 많은 부분을 차지하는 K14 돌연변이와 동일한 유전적 변형을 일으킨 생쥐모델을 이용한 약물 효과 검증과 전 임상단계의 인체실험을 함께 진행중에 있다. Mark E. Van Dyke 박사(Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Medical Center)는 인간의 머리털에서 유래된 keratin으로 외상에 의한 신경 절단이나 압좌(압박손상)는 현재 다른 부위의 신경을 잘라 이식하거나 절단된 신경 양끝을 인공도관(conduit)으로 연결해 신경재생을 유도하는 미세수술을 시행하게 되는데, 신경재생을 유도하는 도관에 keratin을 주입하면 신경이식과 맞먹는 신경재생 성공률을 기대할 수 있다고 하였다. 앞으로는 동물성 keratin뿐만 아니라 식물성 keratin도 함께 연구할 필요가 있다. 동물성 keratin의 농업적 이용은 가금류 깃털의 keratin을 축출하여 친환경 육묘용 용기를 만드는데 있다. 이 용기는 자연조건에서 생분해될 수 있는 특성을 갖고 있다.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

This study was performed to quantitatively and qualitatively estimate the effect of keratin essence on hair protection against physicochemical damage. Damaged hairs were obtained from an early thirty woman who dyed her hair two times and did digital permanent treatment of her hair two times. The damaged hairs were divided into four experimental groups, which are the control hair (CH) group without additional beauty treatment, the damaged hair (DH) group by additional dyeing treatment, basic essence-treated hair (BEH) group, and keratin essence-treated hair (KEH) groups according to the research goal. The protection effect of keratin essence against the physicochemical damage was quantitatively compared by difference of chrominance measured using a color difference meter and qualitatively compared by difference of outer morphological structure images pictured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The brightness and yellowish blue color of KEH were relatively lower but the reddish blue color was relatively higher than other groups of test hairs. Cuticle structure of the previously DH was irregularly deformed and more strongly deformed or partially broken by additional dyeing treatment. On the other hand, the gaps between cuticle scales of the DH were reformed by treatment with basic essence and reformed and filled by treatment with keratin essence in comparison with the DH group. Conclusively, the keratin essence was effective to protect hair structure against the structural damage induced by the dyeing-treatment, by which the coloring efficiency is thought to be improved.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.850-855
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• 2009

Keratin is an important protein used in wound healing and tissue recovery. In this study, keratin was modified chemically with iodoacetic acid (IAA) to enhance its solubility in organic solvent. Poly(hydroxybutylate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and modified keratin were dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and electrospun to produce nanofibrous mats. The resulting mats were surface-characterized by ATR-FTIR, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The pure m-keratin mat was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor to make it insoluble in water. The biodegradation test in vitro showed that the mats could be biodegraded by PHB depolymerase and trypsin aqueous solution. The results of the cell adhesion experiment showed that the NIH 3T3 cells adhered more to the PHBV/m-keratin nanofibrous mats than the PHBV film. The BrdU assay showed that the keratin and PHBV/m-keratin nanofibrous mats could accelerate the proliferation of fibroblast cells compared to the PHBV nanofibrous mats.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.12-17
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• 2002

The extracellular invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) (Candida utilis) preparation was obtained from the liquid medium after desalting and freeze drying. This prepared enzyme was used for the comparative purification on 4 activated matrices by liquid column affinity chromatography method. In this method there were used controlled porous glass (CPG) silanized covalently activated by keratin, silanized silica gel and silica gel covalently covered by keratin. It was found that the invertase purification process was better using both CPG matrices (silanized CPG and keratin activated CPG) than these with two silica gel supports. Also the elution coefficient of the invertase from the two CPG columns was about 93 to 94%. Two silica gel supports found to be superior in terms of purification efficiency. The invertase purification process was confirmed by PAGE electrophoresis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2020

Salvianolic acid B (SAB) is an active phytocomponent of a popular Chinese herb called Radix Salvia militiorrhiza with numerous biological properties. The anti-psoriasis activity of SAB was examined by evaluating various psoriasis inflammatory and keratin markers against imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis on BALB/c mice. Totally 50 healthy BALB/c mice were evenly divided into 5 groups including control, drug control (SAB; 40 mg/kg), IMQ-induced psoriasis (5%), IMQ exposure and treated with SAB (40 mg/kg), or standard methotrexate (MTX; 1 mg/kg). Mice supplemented with either SAB or MTX significantly lowered the values of psoriasis area severity index (PASI), erythema, scaling, skin thickness, inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-22/23/17A/1β/6) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde). Also, IMQ exposed BALB/c mice treated with SAB or MTX display lesser histopathological changes with enhanced antioxidant activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase). Moreover, the protein expression of keratin markers (K16 and K17) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling proteins (pAkt/Akt and pPI3K/PI3K) were significantly downregulated after administration with SAB and MTX as compared with IMQ induced mice. Taking together, SAB and MTX significantly ameliorate psoriatic changes by inhibiting psoriatic inflammatory and keratin markers through abolishing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, further studies (clinical trials) are needed to confirm the anti-psoriatic property of SAB before recommending to psoriasis patients.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.344-349
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• 2009

Angiogenesis is crucial for solid tumor growth. By secreting angiogenic factors, tumor cells induce angiogenesis. However, targeting these angiogenic factors for cancer therapy is not always successful, suggesting that other factors may be involved in tumor angiogenesis. This work shows that 25 protein spots were differentially expressed by two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis when HepG2 cells induced endothelial cell differentiation to tube in vitro, and most of them were upregulated. Twenty-one proteins were identified with MALDITOF-MS, and the other four were identified by LTQ-MS/MS. Keratins were identified as one class of these upregulated proteins. Further study indicated that the expression of keratin 17 in cultured endothelial cells is likely microenvironment regulated, because its expression can be induced by HepG2 cells and bFGF as well as serum in culture media. Increased expression of keratins in endothelial cells, such as keratin 17, may contribute to the angiogenesis induced by HepG2 cells.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2019

Steatocystoma multiplex is an uncommon benign skin disease, which typically manifests as numerous intradermal cysts that can be scattered anywhere on the body. Although usually asymptomatic, it can be significantly disfiguring. One type of steatocystoma multiplex is known to be associated with the autosomal dominant inheritance of a mutation in the gene coding for keratin 17 (KRT17). In such cases, it is often concurrent with other developmental abnormalities of the ectoderm-derived tissues, such as the nails, hair, and teeth. To the best of our knowledge, few cases have been reported of steatocystoma multiplex of the oral and maxillofacial region. This report describes a case of steatocystoma multiplex of both sides of the neck and multiple dental anomalies, with a focus on its clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics, as well as the possibility that the patient exhibited the familial type of this condition.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.233-239
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• 2006

This study was carried out for the evaluation of the effects of emulsion containing the specific antibodies against S. aureus that secreted staphylococcal toxins in atopy dermatitis (AD). The emulsion was formulated to have basic moisturizing effect and the function to inhibit S. aureus colonization and Staphylococcal toxins. The results were as follows; 1. In 19 subjects, 14 subjects (73.7%) showed improvement in SCORAD the mean SCORAD score was improved by 21.87% at week 4 compared to pre-application (p < 0.05). 2. In 17 subjects with severe lesions, 14 subjects(82.35%) showed improvement in SCORAD; the mean SCORAD score was improved by 25.11% at week 4 compared to pre-application (p < 0.05). 3. In 19 subjects, 15 subjects (79%) showed improvement in TEWL; the mean TEWL was improved by 24.32% at week 4 compared to pre-application (p < 0.05). 4. In 17 subjects with severe lesions, 14 subjects (82.35%) showed improvement in TEWL; the mean TEWL was improved by 25.47% at week 4 compared to pre-application (p < 0.05). 5. In 19 subjects, 15 subjects (79%) showed improvement in keratin capacitance; the mean keratin capacitance was improved by 25.01% at week 4 compared to pre-application (P < 0.05). 6. In 17 subjects with severe lesions, 13 subjects (76.47%) showed improvement in keratin capacitance; the mean keratin capacitance was improved by 20.82% at week 4 compared to pre-application (p < 0.05). Based on above-described results, emulsion containing the specific antibodies against S. aureus that secreted staphylococcal toxins is considered to be helpful in the improvement of atopic dermatitis.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 2016

Cutaneous horns are conical, circumscribed protuberances formed by densely layered keratin. These lesions originate from basal keratinocytes and may manifest as benign, premalignant, or malignant cutaneous pathology in chronically sun-damaged areas. Complete surgical excision with histologic examination is needed for potential malignancy. In this report, we describe two elderly women presenting with solitary facial cutaneous horns, which were respectively diagnosed as actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.775-783
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic effects of six keratin (KRT) genes on the wool traits of 418 Chinese Merino (Xinjiang type) (CMXT) individuals. Methods: To explore the effects and association of six KRT genes on sheep wool traits, The polymerase chain reaction-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), DNA sequencing, and the gene pyramiding effect methods were used. Results: We report 20 mutation sites (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) within the six KRT genes, in which twelve induced silent mutations; five induced missense mutations and resulted in $Ile{\rightarrow}Thr$, $Glu{\rightarrow}Asp$, $Gly{\rightarrow}Ala$, $Ala{\rightarrow}Ser$, $Se{\rightarrow}His$; two were nonsense mutations and one was a same-sense mutation. Association analysis showed that two genotypes of the KRT31 gene were significantly associated with fiber diameter (p<0.05); three genotypes of the KRT36 gene were significantly associated with wool fineness score and fiber diameter (p<0.05), three genotypes of the KRT38 gene were significantly associated with the number of crimps (p<0.05); and three genotypes of the KRT85 gene were significantly associated with wool crimps score, body size, and fiber diameter (p<0.05). Analysis of the gene pyramiding effect between the different genotypes of the gene loci KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85, each genotype in a gene locus was combined with all the genotypes of another two gene loci and formed the different three loci combinations, indicated a total of 26 types of possible combined genotypes in the analyzed population. Compared with the other combined genotypes, the combinations CC-GG-II, CC-HH-IJ, CC-HH-JJ, DD-HH-JJ, CC-GH-IJ, and CC-GH-JJ at gene loci KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85, respectively, had a greater effect on wool traits (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the mutation loci of KRT31, KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85 genes, as well as the combinations at gene loci KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85 in CMXT have significant effects on wool traits, suggesting that these genes are important candidate genes for wool traits, which will contribute to sheep breeding and provide a molecular basis for improved wool quality in sheep.