• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1995

To investigate the damage on the forest plant community by the air pollution around Daesan, Kunsan industrial complex, five sites(Daesan) and three sites(Kunsan) were set up and surveyed(Area : 500$m^2$/site). In the analysis of community structure, the dominant species in the canopy and understory layer were Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergiana. ones in the shrub layer appeared Rhododendron mucronulatum and Quercus spp. in the Daesan industrial complex. Species diversity of the plant community in Daesan industrial complex showed very severe difference between plots. Soil acidity measured 4.67~5.12. It was not found that plant community in Daesan industrial complex appeared serious damage by the air pollutant. In the analysis of community structure the dominant species in the canopy and understory layer were P. densiflora, P. thunbergiana in Kunsan industrial complex. Species diversity of the plant community in Kunsan industrial complex was prove to low as nearer from the pollutant. Soil acidity measured 4.32~4.76 and it was very strong acidity. It was found that plant community as nearer from the pollutant appeared visible damage entirely by the air pollutant in Kunsan industrial complex.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 1997

For two dimensional elasticity, we suggest a new complex variable method using the Navier's displacement equation. This method gives alternative displacement and stress formulae to those resulting from the Muskhelishvili's complex function method.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.342-346
• /
• 1997

Contents of heavy metals in paddy soils and brown rice of near the Kunsan industrial complex area were investigated. Average total heavy metal contents in paddy soils were Pb 34.33, Cd 0.50, Cu 35.49, and Zn 71.67 mg/kg respectively. There are no correlation between distances from industrial complex and contents of heavy metals in paddy soils. Average contents of heavy metals in brown rice grown above paddy soil were Pb 1.74, Cd 0.07, Cu 3.54, and Zn 16.53 mg/kg. Relationships between 0.1N HCl soluble heavy metals in paddy soils and contents of brown rice showed positive significant correlations for Pb at l% $level(r=0.6853^{**})$ and for Zn at 5% $level(r=0.5420^*)$. Relationships between total contents of heavy metals in paddy soils and contents of brown rice showed only positive significant correlation for Pb at 1% $level(r=0.7131^{**})$. Contents of heavy metals in paddy soils and brown rice of near the Kunsan industrial complex was polluted partly by the influence of smoke and dust out from industrial complex but not polluted anxious level

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.562-573
• /
• 2008

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured from the local industrial sources in Wanju industrial complex during June $2007{\sim}January$ 2008. The samples were collected from the primary sources (6 emission points) in 4 major factories in Wanju industrial complex as well as two general sources in Wanju County to elucidate the abundances of speciated VOCs and their spacial and temporal distributions depending on source bases. Industrial sources are as follows; fabricated metal manufacture, motor vehicle manufacture, rubber and plastic manufacture, and chemical manufacture factories. Two general source samples were collected from gasoline gas station and dry cleaning shop in urban area. In order to understand the near source influence at receptor, samples from the two receptor sites (one is at center of the industrial complex and the other site is at distance residential area downwind from the center) were collected with sample canister, and analyzed by using GC/MSD. The concentrations from different sources were compared and discussed. The mass contributions of the speciated VOCs to total VOCs measured from industrial sources and ambient ai r at two receptors were presented and discussed.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2019

National Housing in Janghang was built intensively from the mid 1970s to the early 1980s, and has become a collective complex at Jangma-ro and Shinchangdong-ro. This Company House is a typical building for employee welfare, at the same time shows modern industrialization and urbanization. In general, it forms a housing complex and serves as industrial town. Reflecting the characteristics of Janghang, the housing complex is called National House based on the supply method and is also classified French Styled House in terms of housing style. Although Janghang was one of small local administrative units, it pursued urban style with mini-2-story. It has the typical characteristics as follows: division of the owner's living space and rental room, and independent layout of restrooms and washrooms. House is transformed to accommodate residents' lifestyles, so National Housing Complex of Janghang has undergone various changes such as the replacement of spatial structures and exterior materials for 40 years after construction. National Housing in Janghang is a symbol of local identity and an important spatial asset that shows the urban and architectural characteristics and changes.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.633-648
• /
• 2010

The study was performed to elucidate the characteristics of VOCs at distinct monitoring sites in urban atmosphere; one is at a roadside in downtown inland city of Jeonju, and the other is at an industrial site in Gunsan near coastal area. The ambient samples were collected for 24 hours in two-bed adsorbent tubes by using MTS-32 sequential tube sampler equipped with Flex air pump every 16 days in a roadside and a industrial complex from February to November in 2009. VOCs were determined by thermal desorption coupled with GC/MSD. Major individual VOCs in roadside samples were shown as following order in magnitude: toluene>m,p-xylene>ethyl benzene>decanal; and those in the industrial complex samples were as follows: toluene>ethanol>ethyl acetate>decanal>m,pxylene. High benzene concentration in the roadside was more frequently occurred than in the industrial complex. However ambient level of toluene in the industrial complex was higher than that in the road side. Results from roadside sample analysis showed that nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were very frequently observed with higher concentrations than those in the industrial complex. It seems that nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene could be the source characteristics for the roadside air. From the diurnal variation, it was found that concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene, nonane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenznene in the roadside were higher during rush hours; but those in the industrial complex were higher from 10 to 16 LST when the industrial activities were animated. On weekly base, the concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene in the roadside were higher specifically on Wednesday, but those in the industrial complex were higher on Sunday. It was found that the general trends of VOCs levels at both sites significantly influence on seasonal changes. The results of factor analysis showed that the VOCs in the roadside were mainly affected by the emission of vehicles and the evaporation of diesel fuel, meanwhile those in the industrial complex were influenced by the evaporation of solvents and vehicular emission.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.380-390
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted as a part of investigating pre-reclamation shorelines from aerial photographs to estimate coastal land area at reclaimed lands (Anjeong industrial complex, Myeongji residental complex, and Noksan industrial complex), southeastern coast of Korea. To assess how the shorelines were suitable for the calculation of coastal lands, we constructed shoreline change data. Secondary ground control points were used to accomplish triangulation for old aerial photographs. Two kinds of shorelines were mapped; one was the shoreline based on approximately highest high water level (AHHWL) and the other was the high water line based on wet/dry signiture. These shorelines were consistent at artificial coast. Shoreline change data were built with a variety of levels of error due to detailed differences in the photograph scale, quality of image, type of ground control point and type of shoreline. Thus assessment of the pre-reclamation shorelines at the level of qualitative analysis for the trend of shoreline changes was satisfactory. Most of shoreline changes before reclamation in this study were associated with coastal development. Investigation of shoreline attributes in relation to aerial photographs allowed us to understand the shoreline changes.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.326-329
• /
• 2007

2-Arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole derivatives (9a-f) were prepared by the in situ formation of ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin complex of 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone (8) in water followed by the addition of arylidenethiosemicarbazones (7a-f) in 70~88% yield. The structures of the compounds 9a-f were elucidated by IR and $^1H-NMR$ spectral data. The role of ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin appears to activate the compound 7 and 8 and promote the reaction to complete in reduced reaction time.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.798-803
• /
• 2023

In the industrial internet of things (IIoT) industry, including smart factories, there are many cases where electronic devices are complexly combined and installed due to the recent development of intelligent information technology. Electromagnetic waves generated from such complex facilities affect other devices and services, which can lead to safety issues. The problem such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) generated when controlling complex facilities is an essential element that must be solved, and the engineering basis for EMI and EMC must be established to foster the industry of complex facilities. Therefore, in this study, EMC & EMI engineering demonstration cases for solar power fixed facilities using the national standard guideline have been analyzed. The results show that the electromagnetic risk indices in the solar power facilities have been degraded up to control level, and a national EMC engineering system has been proposed for complex facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.209-217
• /
• 2011

Objectives: In this study, the size distribution of airborne particulates ($PM_{10}$) was measured by using Cascade Impactors. The purpose of this study was to assess the size distribution of metal and ionic materials of $PM_{10}$. Methods: Samples were collected in the Kunsan industrial complex from April 2006 to January 2007. Results: The mass fraction of $PM_{10}$ had a bimodal distribution between 2.1-3.1 ${\mu}M$, and the average mass fraction of particles less than 2.1-3.1 ${\mu}M$ was 47%. Average concentrations of PM10 were 68.05 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and seasonal concentration 95.44 ${\mu}g/m^3$ for spring, 49.03 ${\mu}g/m^3$ for summer, 81.99 ${\mu}g/m^3$ for fall, 52.66 ${\mu}g/m^3$ for winter, respectively. Conclusions: Seasonal variations of $PM_{10}$ were significant for showing peak values in spring. The average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Fe were 1.54, 4.51, 14.11, and 254.3 $ng/m^3$, respectively. The ratios of fine particles to total mass were 0.47 for $PM_{10}$, 0.45 for Cr, and 0.16 for Fe, 0.91 for Cd and 0.49 for Pb, respectively.