• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.967-982
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• 2021

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit to the host and are considered safe. Most probiotic strains that are beneficial to human health are included in the "Lactic acid bacteria" (LAB) group. The positive effects of probiotic bacteria on the host's health are species-specific and even strain-specific. Therefore, evaluating the probiotic potential of both wild and novel strains is essential. In this study, the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis KT38-3 were determined. The strain identification was achieved by 16S rRNA sequencing. API-ZYM test kits were used to determine the enzymatic capacity of the strain. L. brevis KT38-3 was able to survive in conditions with a broad pH range (pH 2-7), range of bile salts (0.3%-1%) and conditions that simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice. The percentage of autoaggregation (59.4%), coaggregation with E. coli O157:H7 (37.4%) and hydrophobicity were determined to be 51.1%, 47.4%, and 52.7%, respectively. L. brevis KT38-3 produced β-galactosidase enzymes and was able ferment lactose. In addition, this strain was capable of producing antimicrobial peptides against the bacteria tested, including methicillin and/or vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The cell-free supernatants of the strain had high antioxidant activities (DPPH: 54.9% and ABTS: 48.7%). Therefore, considering these many essential in vitro probiotic properties, L. brevis KT38-3 has the potential to be used as a probiotic supplement. Supporting these findings with in vivo experiments to evaluate the potential health benefits will be the subject of our future work.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Kinesio Taping (KT) is widely used by physical therapists to treat a variety of neuromusculoskeletal disorders. In this study it was examined whether or not KT has an effect on the peak torque and muscle activity of the quadriceps muscles in healthy subjects. KT was applied to the anterior thigh and tibia of fifteen healthy males (mean age, 25.42${\pm}$1.38 years, mean body height 178.58${\pm}$3.03 cm, mean body weight 71.58${\pm}$6.42 kg) who have no problem within past 2 months. The quadriceps peak torque was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer while the mean data of muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography (EMG). The maximal voluntary isometric contraction was carried out on all subjects at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ before, during, and after KT. There were no significant differences in the peak torque and mean data of quadriceps muscle(vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis oblique) activity at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ before, during and after application of KT (p>.05). From this study it could be concluded that the application of KT to the anterior thigh and tibia doesn't affect the peak torque and the muscle activity.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.329-338
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• 1991

From July 1985 to December 1986, 28 variables of phycal-chemical factors, bacteria and heterotrophic activity were investigated 17 times at 3 stations in the estuary of Naktong River and the influences of environmental factors to bacterial population and heterotrophic activity were analyzed through multiple regression. The results of multiple regression were as follows. At station 1, total bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria(Z-25) could explain 57% of the variation of maximum uptake velocity for glucose and 54% of turnover time for glucose was explained by total coliform bacteria and MBOD, Sixty four percent of the variation of Kt+SN was accounted for salinity, MBOD-N and inorganic phosphate. Turnover rate for acetate was also accounted for the change of MBOD-P by 56%. At station 2 maximum uptake velocity for glucose depends on MBOD-N by 81%; turnover time on bacteria by 50%; Kt+Sn on avilable nutrient by 61%. More than 50% of maximum uptake velocity and turnover time for glucose were influenced by bacteria and that of Kt+Sn by the change of nutrient in the surface water of station 3. In the bottom water of station 3, the change of maximumuptake velocity, turnover time and Kt+Sn for glucose was controlled by total bacteria and available nutrient, bacteria, the change of nutrient salts respectively. On the whole, more than 50% of maximum uptake velocity and turnover time for glucose could be due to the change in the number of bacetria and the value of Kt+Sn was affected by the change of nutrient salts. Turnover rate for acetate was controlled by available phosphate at station 1 and by bacteria at station 2 and 3, which showed a distinct difference between the environmental factors which govern the rate of glucose and acetate uptake in the Naktong esturine ecosystem. And bacterial communities were controlled by available nutrients at station 1, by nutrient salts and salinity at station 2 and in the surface water of station 3 and by salinity in the bottom water of station 3.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2007

This study was conducted in order to predict the chemical and physical properties by climatic factors during the growing season of burley tobacco as soon as possible. The data of six chemical and five physical properties were collected from "Analysis of chemical and physical properties on farm leaf tobacco" conducted at KT&G Central Research Institute from 1987 to 2006. Data of climatic factors from April to July in 6 districts were collected from Korea Meteorological Adminstration. Except for total nitrogen, total nitrogen/nicotine and yellowness(b), all probabilities of linear regression equations between the climatic factors(X) and the average contents of twelve grades(whole plant) for chemical and physical properties(Y) were significant($P{\leq}0.05$). The predicable probabilities within ${\pm}20%$ range of difference were 100% in ether extract content, 95% in nicotine content, and 90% in filling value. These results suggest that the regression equations may be useful to predict the average content of twelve grades for four chemical and four physical properties by climatic factors during the growing season of burley tobacco at the beginning of August.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify compliance of kidney transplantation(=KT) recipients and the factors influencing on compliance of KT recipients. Methods: One hundred patients who visited out-patients department after KT at S hospital transplant center in Seoul were enrolled in this study. Structured questionnaires of compliance, self-efficacy and family support were used to collect data. The data was collected from April 21 to May 21 in 2011. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was accepted to the level of p<.05. Results: The mean score of compliance was 4.37(range from 1 to 5), and that of medication compliance was the highest and that of self care compliance was the lowest. There were no differences of compliance according to characteristics of the subjects. Compliance of the subjects had positive correlation with self-efficacy(r=0.23, p<0.05) and family support(r=0.33, p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the nursing intervention program to improve self care using self-efficacy and family support need to be developed.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2020

Background: This study was to investigate the immediate effects of kinesio taping (KT) of quadriceps on muscle strengthening and balance ability. Design: Randomized controlled trial and conducted as a single-blind. Methods: Twenty-four subjects participated in this study. They were randomly allocated two groups: kinesio taping group (KT group, n=12), placebo kinesio taping group (PKT group, n=12). The participants were tested with lower extremity muscle strengthening and balance ability pre-post intervention. Results: After training, the change values of the lower extremity muscle strengthening and balance ability in the KT group were significantly greater than the PKT group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that kinesio taping were effective the promoting the lower extremity muscle strengthening and balance ability.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2006

본 연구는 TCDD로 급성독성을 유도한 자정 기니픽의 대퇴골 무게감소에 대한 홍삼사포닌의 효과를 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 48 마리의 자성기니픽 ($820{\pm}25\;g$)을 6 군으로 나누어 정상군 (NC), TCDD 단독투여군 (TT), 사포닌 전투여 군 (PE10, 20), 사포닌후투여군 (CE10, 20)으로 나누었다. NC군은 vehicle과 saline 만을 투여하였고, TT군은 TCDD를 단회투여 ($5.0\;{\mu}g$, i.p) 하였다. PE10 및 20군은 TCDD 투여 1 주일 전부터 총 3 주동안 사포닌을 투여 (복강) 하였다. 반면 CE10 및 20군은 TCDD 투여한 직후부터 총 3 주동안 사포닌을 투여 (복강) 하였다. 사포닌 투여군의 체중변화를 살펴보면 TT군은 TCDD 투여후 유의적인 체중감소 현상이 관찰되었으나 PE10, 20 및 CE10, 20 등 사포닌 투여군에서는 TT군에 비해 체중이 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다 . TCDD 투여는 지정기니픽의 대퇴골 무게를 유의적으로 감소시키는 반면 홍삼사포닌의 투여는 대퇴골 무게감소를 억제하는 경향을 보였다. 대퇴골 무게감소 억제현상은 PE20군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 대퇴골의 $Ca^{2+}$도 TT군은 NC군 대비 약 20.4% 감소하는데 반해 사포닌 투여군은 TT군 대비 $Ca^{2+}$ 함량이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터 홍삼사포닌은 TCDD에 의해 억제된 기니픽의 대퇴골 내 $Ca^{2+}$ 함량을 증가시킴으로써 대퇴골의 무게감소를 회복시키는 것으로 추론할 수 있겠다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.491-501
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• 2002

A cross-examination between KT&G Central Research Institute and Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control was carried out in order to select optimum conditions for extraction, separation and determination of ginsenosides in red ginseng and to propose a better method for the quantitative analysis of ginsenosides. The optimum extraction conditions of ginsenosides from red ginseng were as follows: the extraction solvent, $70\%$ methanol; the extraction temperature, $100^{\circ}C;$ the extraction time, 1 hour for once; and the repetition of extraction, twice. The optimum separation conditions of ginsenosides on the SepPak $C_{18}$ cartridge were as follows: the loaded amount, 0.4 g of methanol extract; the washing solvents, distilled water of 25 ml at first and then $30\%$ methanol of 25 ml; the elution solvent, $90\%$ methanol of 5 ml. The optimum HPLC conditions for the determination of ginsenosides were as follows: column, Lichrosorb $NH_2(25{\times}0.4cm,$ 5${\mu}m$, Merck Co.); mobile phase, a mixture of acetonitrile/water/isopropanol (80/5/15) and acetonitrile/water/isopropanol (80/20/15) with gradient system; and the detector, ELSD. On the basis of the optimum conditions a method for the quantitative analysis of ginsenosides were proposed and another cross-examination was carried out for the validation of the selected analytical method conditions. The coefficient of variances (CVs) on the contents of ginsenoside-$Rg_{1}$, -Re and $-Rb_1$ were lower than $3\%$ and the recovery rates of ginsenosides were $89.4\~95.7\%,$ which suggests that the above extraction and separation conditions may be reproducible and reasonable. For the selected HPLC/ELSD conditions, the CVs on the detector responses of ginsenoside-Rg, -Re and $-Rb_1$) were also lower than $3\%$, the regression coefficients for the calibration curves of ginsenosides were higher than 0.99 and two adjacent ginsenoside peaks were well separated, which suggests that the above HPLC/ELSD conditions may be good enough for the determination of ginsenosides.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.128-131
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• 2006

본 연구는 홍삼엑스로부터 분리된 홍삼사포닌이 일부 병원성 미생물 Staphylococcus aureus 및 Candida albicans의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사포닌의 농도를 달리하여 첨가하고 5 일 동안 배양한 후 측정된 S. aureus의 pH 는 사포닌 무첨가군 pH 8.55에 비해 0.013, 0.125, 0.5, 1.0% 첨가군에서 각각 8.35, 7.80, 6.87, 6.34로 사포닌 농도가 증가할수록 pH는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. S. aureus의 성장에 미치는 사포닌의 영향을 조사한 결과 사포닌 무첨가군의 성장률을 100%로 놓았을 때 상대적으로 계산된 균의 성장률은 0.013, 0.125, 0.5, 1.0% 첨가군에서는 각각 55.56, 52.22, 0.001, 0%로 나타나서 사포닌 농도가 증가할수록 농도 의존적으로 균의 성장이 강하게 억제되는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 조사포닌 0.5% 이상의 농도에서는 균의 생육은 완전히 억제되었다. 한편 병원성 효모인 C. albicans의 pH도 사포닌 무첨가군 pH 5.97에서 사포닌 첨가시 pH 5.83-5.60으로 약간씩 감소하는 경향이었다. 각 첨가군과 성장률을 비교하였을 경우 사포닌 0.013, 0.125, 0.5, 1.0% 첨가군은 각각 50.0, 50.0, 37.5, 25.0%의 성장율을 나타내어 S. aureus와 마찬가지로 사포닌 첨가농도가 증가할수록 성장률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 C. albicans의 생균수는 무첨가군 $8.0{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$에 비해 사포닌 첨가군 모두에서 $2.0-4.0{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$으로 무첨가군에 비해서는 낮은 수준이었지만 유의적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 사포닌은 0.13% 이상의 농도에서 병원성효모 C. albicans 보다는 세균인 S. aureus의 성장을 크게 억제하였으며, 이러한 결과로부터 홍삼사포닌은 진균류인 효모보다는 세균에 대해 더욱 큰 생육저해효과를 나타낸다는 사설을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the some physicochemical properties of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) water extract (RGWE) after heated with high temperatures above $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. RGWEs were heated at 100, 110 and $120^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours by using autoclave. After RGWEs were heated at high temperature for 2 hours without not adjustment of pH, the changes of saponin, free sugars, mineral and color in the RGWEs were investigated. Total ginsenoside content in control was 1.99%, while those of RGWE were 1.65, 1.49 and 1.29% when treated at 100, 110 and $120^{\circ}C$, respectively. The contents of total ginsenoside showed decreased tendency as heating temperatures were increased. The ginsenoside-$Rh_{2}$ and $-Rg_{3}$, which have been reported as very stable red ginseng ginsenosides, showed relatively strong spots on TLC when RGWEs were heated at 110 and $120^{\circ}C$. In case of free sugars in RGWEs, fructose, glucose and maltose showed high contents when compared with control, while Fe, Ca and Mg ions showed very low contents. Value of L in RGWE treated with high temperature was almost the same with control, while values of a and b were increased. Values of a were increased from -0.86 of control to +0.04, +0.05 and +1.14 when treated with 100, 110 and $120^{\circ}C$, respectively. Values of b also were increased from 27.68 of control to 33.61, 33.61 and 37.42 when treated with 100, 110 and $120^{\circ}C$, respectively. Values of total color in RGWEs treated with high temperatures, E, were finally increased by values of a and b.