• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

Ketorolac tromethamine(KT) is a nonsteroidal agent with potent analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The lipid-water partition coefficient of KT was evaluated and KT gel was formulated as a gel containing different pH, different concentrations of polymer (poloxamer 407, carbopol 941), propylene glycol, ethanol and various enhancers. The resulting KT gels were evaluated with respect to their viscosity, in vitro drug permeation rate through hairless mouse skin and stability. In n-octanol and chloroform, the lipid-water partition coefficient of KT was the highest at pH 4 phosphate buffer. The apparent viscosity of KT gel increased with an increase in gel pH, polymer and enhancer concentration. But the apparent viscosity of KT gel decreased with an increase in ethanol concentration. The permeation rate of KT through hairless mouse skin from gels different pH was maximum at pH 4 which is close to KT $pK_{a}$ 3.54. The permeation rate decreased with an increase in polymer, propylene glycol concentration. But the permeation rate increased with an increase in ethanol. The increase of drug concentration from 1 to 3% induced linear increase in permeation rate. The best enhancer was the combination of $Labrasol^{\circledR},\;Transcutol^{\circledR}$, oleic acid and l-menthol. In the accelerated stability test(25, 40 and $50{\circ}C$), pH 5 gel was most stable and pH 4 gel was most unstable for 90 days.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2008

In this paper, we describe our study on the characterization of tobacco leaves by their pyrolysis patterns. Two kinds of tobacco leaves were pyrolyzed and analyzed by Double-Shot Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) methods. Three grades of Korean flue-cured tobacco leafsuch as B1O, AB3O, CD3L and burley tobacco leaves such as B1T, AB3T, CD3W were pyrolyzed with six discrete but stepwise heating temperature ranges, those are from 100$^{\circ}C$ to 150$^{\circ}C$, 150$^{\circ}C$ to 200$^{\circ}C$, 200$^{\circ}C$ to 250$^{\circ}C$, 250$^{\circ}C$ to 300$^{\circ}C$, 300$^{\circ}C$ to 350$^{\circ}C$ and finally from 350$^{\circ}C$ to 400$^{\circ}C$. Using the resultant 52 pyrolytic components identified in the programs as components, principal component analysis (PCA) showed statistical classification between flue-cured and burley tobacco lamina. Among six pyrolysis temperature ranges, the best discrimination was achieved at the temperature range from 250$^{\circ}C$ to 300$^{\circ}C$ and from 300$^{\circ}C$ to 350$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

This paper describes a requirement architecture modeling for the front end of KT-1 export version requirement definition processes to construct SDS(system development specification). The requirement definition process is a highly conceptual process that is difficult to carry out. This paper focuses on how to perform the KT-1 export version requirements definition process including the integration of process, methods and tools for the front-end activity of requirements definition process. This requirement model is structured in four segments, including requirement layering, requirement categorization, life cycle stakeholder and requirement definition process using Computer-Aided Systems Engineering tool(CORE).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2000

The present study was designed to assess the protective effect of a selective thromboxane $A_2$ receptor antagonist, KT2-962 (KT2) and possible mechanisms of adriamycin(AD)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The male Wistar rats were given either of AD (7.5 mg/kg, i.v.) alone in the AD-group (n=5) or in KT2+AD- group (n=5) which is a combination of AD and KT2 (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 10 days from 3 days before and 7 days after AD injection. The body weight, 24-hours urine volume, urine protein and urinary N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glu-cosaminidase (NAG) activity were measured with an interval of 2 days during 1 week. BUN, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were measured on the 7th day. KT2 has significantly suppressed AD-induced change of body weight, 24-hours urine volume, urine protein and urinary NAG activity in the KT2+AD-group. The change of BUN, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were significantly inhibited in the B7T2+AD-group. Based on these results, it is concluded that KT2 prevents AD-induced nephrotoxicity and suggests that endogenous thromboxane A2 may play an important role in AD-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1994

Inclusion complexes of ketoconazole (KT) with ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (CD) and dimethyl-${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ $(DM{\beta}CD)$ in a molar ratio of 1:2 were prepared by freeze-drying and solvent evaporation methods. The interactions of KT with ${\alpha}-CD$, ${\beta}-CD$ and $DM{\beta}CD$ in aqueous solution and in solid state were investigated by solubility study, infrared (lR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The stability constant of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex (lC) was found to be the largest among three inclusion complexes. Clear differences in IR spectra and DSC curves were observed between inclusion complexes and physical mixtures (PM) of KT-CDs. It was also shown by IR spectra and DSC curves that solvent evaporation method might be. superior to the freeze-drying method in preparing the inclusion complexes of KT-CDs. The dissolution rate of KT was markedly increased by inclusion complex formation with CDs in the buffer solution at pH 4.0 and pH 6.8. The mean dissolution time (MDT,min), which represents the rapidity of dissolution, was in the order of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ IC (3.20) < $KT-{\beta}-CD$ IC (4.36) < $KT-{\alpha}-CD$ IC (6.99) < $KT-{\alpha}-CD$ PM (17.46)< $KT-{\beta}-CD$ PM (19.36) < $KT-{\beta}-CD$ PM (28.53). The dissolution rates of KT-CD ICsprepared by solvent evaporation method were faster than those of KT-CD ICs prepared by freeze-drying method.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

We investigated the androgenic effects of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) on gonadal sex reversal and spermatogenesis in honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra by method of gonadal biopsy. 11-KT was injected intramuscularly at a concentration of 1 and $10{\mu}g$ body weight. The proportion of cross sectional area of the gonad occupied by each germ cell type was measured and compared pre- and post-injection group. During the sex change phase, the distribution ratio of oocytes was decreased in all fish of 11-KT treatment group while the distribution ratio of spermatocytes was increased than pre-injection group. In male phase, all fish of 11-KT treatment group shown the increased distribution ratio of spermatocytes, but the distribution ratio of spermatozoa was decreased than pre-injection group. The present results suggest that 11-KT can stimulate degeneration of oocytes, proliferation of spermatocytes and spermiation in honeycomb grouper.

• 고려인삼연구와산업
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2005년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.27-29
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• 2005

본 논문은 유무선 IP단말기에 다양한 컨텐츠를 제공하는 푸시 서비스 제공 솔루션을 설계하고, 이를 이용하는 네 가지 응용서비스 모델을 제시함으로써 IP-PBX/IP-Centrex와 같은 기업용 통신 솔루션[1]과 연계하여 신규 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1998

본 연구는 Group A (Permethrine.Phthalthrine), B(Permethrin.Furamethrine) 및 C(Phthalthrine.Dichlorvos)를 공시 살충제로 하였으며, P.B.O., MGK-264 및 S-421를 협력제로 각각 선택한 후, 그 첨가 비율에 따라 Blattella G.와 Musca D.에 대한 살충효과를 비교 실험하였다. 가정용 살충제로서 유효성을 참작하여 Knock-down rate($KT_{50},\;KT_{90}$)와 누적 Motraility(percent/hrs)를 측정한 결과 공시살충제 A, B, C의 각 군에 협력제를 첨가한 시제품의 경우 살충효과가 크게 증가되었고, 첨가한 협력제 중 P.B.O의 살충효과가 가장 크게 나타났으며, 다음은 S-421>MGK-264의 순 이었다. 첨가비율에 대해서는 3종류의 첨가제모두에서 $1:5{\geq}1:4>1.3$의 순으로 증가하여 살충효과는 협력제의 농도에 따라 비례함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 시간 경과에 따른 Mortaility(percent) 역시 $KT_{50}\;또는\;KT_{90}$과 유사함에 따라 Knock-down rate가 그 효능을 증명해 주었다.