• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.381-394
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• 2019

The marine industry contributes a large proportion of the air pollutant emissions along coastal regions, and this air pollution has been strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases and other illnesses. To alleviate the problem, many ports have installed alternative maritime power (AMP) facilities that enable onboard marine auxiliary engines with generators (gensets) to be shut down while a ship is at berth. This study compared the emissions from conventional gensets with those from AMP facilities, focusing on four emission types: greenhouse gases (GHG), sulphur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Both direct (combustion / operation) and indirect (upstream) emissions were considered together for the emission comparison. The results showed that AMP has lower emissions than conventional onboard gensets, and this benefit is highly dependent on the electricity generation mix onshore. On average, GHG emissions could be reduced by about 18.3 %, while the other emissions (SOX, NOX, and PM) would decrease more dramatically (88.4 %, 90.1 %, and 91.5 %, respectively). Additionally, future benefits of the AMP would increase due to the expansion of renewable energies. Thus, this study supports the potential of AMP as a promising solution for environmental concerns at ports worldwide.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2024

This study investigated the effect of Kr ion beam irradiation on the superconducting properties of Nb thin films, which are known for their high superconducting transition temperature (T_c) at ambient pressure among single elements. Using the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) program, we analyzed the distribution of Kr ions and displacement per atom (DPA) after irradiation, finding a direct correlation between irradiation amount and DPA. In samples with stronger beam energy, deeper ion penetration, fewer ions remained, and higher DPA values were observed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the Nb (110) peak at 38.5° weakened and shifted with increasing irradiation. T_c decreased in all samples after irradiation, more significantly in those with higher beam energy. Irradiation raised resistivity of the film and lowered the residual-resistivity ratio (RRR). AC susceptibility measurements were also consistent with these findings. This research could potentially lead to more efficient and powerful superconducting devices and a better understanding of superconducting materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.339-339
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• 2017

The long grain rice varieties adaptable to South-east Asia tropical regions were tried to develop in Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia. The final goal is to develop rice varieties which can culture in diverse environmental conditions of tropical regions of South-east Asia under climate change. We collected and evaluated for agronomic traits of 131 rice germplasm from Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam in CARDI. We selected core germplasm including leading varieties of target countries and made 813 F1 cross combinations between leading varieties of each country and promising germplasm of high yield potential, resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, aromatic rice, and so on. Out of 607 F1s evaluated to heading date, plant type, agronomic traits, and grain type, 106 F1s selected and advanced to F2 populations. 106 F2 populations were evaluated to major agronomic traits, grain type and yield-component traits, and selected 2,560 plants in 62 F2 populations. During six seasons in 2014~2016, the lines of F3 subsequent-generation were cultured a total of 6,256 lines. In yield trial for promising lines in F5 generation, the growth duration from sowing to harvesting was 97~114 days. These lines were 88~129 in number of grain per panicle, an average of 84.6% in the range of 79.3~91.9% in the percentage of ripened grain and 17.5~22.8g in 1000-brown rice weight. The rough rice yields were in the range of 4.33~6.06 ton/ha with an average of 5.23 ton/ha. The yield was increased to 5~47% than Chulsa and 12~41% than IR66. Five lines, KR54-28-1, KR55-14-2, KR57-5-2, KR67-57-2 and KR128-19-1 were 5.33~6.06 ton/ha in rough rice yield. These high yield potential lines would be evaluated to adaptability in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam during 2017.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2017

The long grain rice varieties adaptable to South-east Asia tropical regions were tried to develop in Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia. The final goal is to develop rice varieties which can culture in diverse environmental conditions of tropical regions of South-east Asia under climate change. We collected and evaluated for agronomic traits of 131 rice germplasm from Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam in CARDI. We selected core germplasm including leading varieties of target countries and made 813 F1 cross combinations between leading varieties of each country and promising germplasm of high yield potential, resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses, aromatic rice, and so on. Out of 607 F1s evaluated to heading date, plant type, agronomic traits, and grain type, 106 F1s selected and advanced to F2 populations. 106 F2 populations were evaluated to major agronomic traits, grain type and yield-component traits, and selected 2,560 plants in 62 F2 populations. During six seasons in 2014~2016, the lines of F3 subsequent-generation were cultured a total of 6,256 lines. In yield trial for promising lines in F5 generation, the growth duration from sowing to harvesting was 97~114 days. These lines were 88~129 in number of grain per panicle, an average of 84.6% in the range of 79.3~91.9% in the percentage of ripened grain and 17.5~22.8g in 1000-brown rice weight. The rough rice yields were in the range of 4.33~6.06 ton/ha with an average of 5.23 ton/ha. The yield was increased to 5~47% than Chulsa and 12~41% than IR66. Five lines, KR54-28-1, KR55-14-2, KR57-5-2, KR67-57-2 and KR128-19-1 were 5.33~6.06 ton/ha in rough rice yield. These high yield potential lines would be evaluated to adaptability in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam during 2017.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

Evaluations were made for the effects of cheese whey treatment on infection of pepper plants by cucumber mosaic virus-Vch (CMV-Vch) and pepper mottle virus-Kr (PepMoV-Kr). In a greenhouse, pepper plants sprayed with whey, prior to inoculation by CMV-Vch using aphids, showed a viral infection rate significantly lower (6.6%) than for the control (23.3%). In an open field experiment, in which CMV infection relied on natural transmission by aphids, pepper plants were sprayed with undiluted whey once a week, starting on the transplanting date (May 2) to the end of June. On June 5, these whey-sprayed plants showed a CMV infection rate reduced by 18.9% and 16.7%, compared to untreated and pesticide-treated plants, respectively. In the greenhouse, pepper plants inoculated with PepMoV-Kr mixed with whey showed a viral infection rate decreased by 60% compared to the control. The accumulated amount of PepMoV-Kr coat protein was less than that for the virus-only control at 6 days post inoculation (dpi), but increased up to a similar level as the control at 9 dpi. This study showed that cheese whey is effective in reducing infection of both CMV and PepMoV in pepper plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

Because of the recent expansion of hydrogen vehicle supply, the installation of hydrogen filling station is expected to gradually expand. This study attempts to predict the damage scale and propose a safer design form based on the scenario that assumes the worst case of a hydrogen station. A Flacs solver using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to predict the damage scale, and the accuracy was verified by comparing it with the experimental results of previous researchers. The damage scale prediction was conducted for hydrogen leakage and explosion, and the prediction target was the KR model based on the measured values. And as a comparative review model, a roofless model was selected without a ceiling. As a result of analyzing the two models, it was possible to confirm the accumulation and retention of hydrogen gas up to 60 vol% or more in the KR model, whereas in the case of the Roofless model, the phenomenon of discharge and diffusion to the outside of the charging station by riding the wall after leakage. I was able to check. In conclusion, it was reviewed that the type of hydrogen charging station without ceiling is more advantageous for safety than the hydrogen filling station model.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a BERGPT-chatbot, a domestic AI chatbot that can alleviate negative emotions based on text input such as 'Replika'. We made BERGPT-chatbot into a chatbot capable of mitigating negative emotions by pipelined two models, KR-BERT and KoGPT2-chatbot. We applied a creative method of giving emotions to unrefined everyday datasets through KR-BERT, and learning additional datasets through KoGPT2-chatbot. The development background of BERGPT-chatbot is as follows. Currently, the number of people with depression is increasing all over the world. This phenomenon is emerging as a more serious problem due to COVID-19, which causes people to increase long-term indoor living or limit interpersonal relationships. Overseas artificial intelligence chatbots aimed at relieving negative emotions or taking care of mental health care, have increased in use due to the pandemic. In Korea, Psychological diagnosis chatbots similar to those of overseas cases are being operated. However, as the domestic chatbot is a system that outputs a button-based answer rather than a text input-based answer, when compared to overseas chatbots, domestic chatbots remain at a low level of diagnosing human psychology. Therefore, we proposed a chatbot that helps mitigating negative emotions through BERGPT-chatbot. Finally, we compared BERGPT-chatbot and KoGPT2-chatbot through 'Perplexity', an internal evaluation metric for evaluating language models, and showed the superity of BERGPT-chatbot.

• Korean Journal of Family Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.333-339
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• 2018

Background: There is a distinction in alcohol consumption behavior between adults and college students. This study aims to verify the usability and the optimal cutoff point of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Korean revised version (AUDIT-KR) for screening alcohol use disorder in college students when the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM), 5th edition diagnostic criteria is applied. Methods: A total of 922 college students living in Daejeon were enrolled and divided into two groups based on how many items they corresponded to among DSM-5 alcohol use disorder diagnostic criteria: those who corresponded to ${\geq}2$ of the 11 items were classified into the patient group (107 males, 89 females) while the others into the control group (311 males, 415 females). The participants were evaluated using AUDIT-KR to find the optimal cutoff point for screening alcohol use disorder, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: The mean${\pm}$standard deviation scores in the AUDIT-KR were $12.76{\pm}7.27$, $10.72{\pm}4.62$ for males and females, respectively, in the patient group. In contrast, in the control group the scores were $6.26{\pm}5.23$ and $3.95{\pm}3.59$ in males and females, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) regarding alcohol use disorder screening by AUDIT-KR was 0.768 (0.715-0.821) and 0.883 (0.848-0.919) for males and females, respectively. The optimal cutoff point of alcohol use disorder for males was >9, sensitivity 64.49%, and specificity 76.85%. The optimal cutoff point for females was >6, sensitivity 82.02%, and specificity 80.48%. Conclusion: This study suggested that AUDIT-KR can be used as a screening tool for alcohol use disorder in groups of college students when DSM-5 diagnosis criteria are applied.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2022

We investigate the performance of deep learning-based Korean language models on a task of predicting the score range of Korean essays written by foreign students. We construct a data set containing a total of 304 essays, which include essays discussing the criteria for choosing a job ('job'), conditions of a happy life ('happ'), relationship between money and happiness ('econ'), and definition of success ('succ'). These essays were labeled according to four letter grades (A, B, C, and D), and a total of eleven essay score range prediction experiments were conducted (i.e., five for predicting the score range of 'job' essays, five for predicting the score range of 'happiness' essays, and one for predicting the score range of mixed topic essays). Three deep learning-based Korean language models, KoBERT, KcBERT, and KR-BERT, were fine-tuned using various training data. Moreover, two traditional probabilistic machine learning classifiers, naive Bayes and logistic regression, were also evaluated. Experiment results show that deep learning-based Korean language models performed better than the two traditional classifiers, with KR-BERT performing the best with 55.83% overall average prediction accuracy. A close second was KcBERT (55.77%) followed by KoBERT (54.91%). The performances of naive Bayes and logistic regression classifiers were 52.52% and 50.28% respectively. Due to the scarcity of training data and the imbalance in class distribution, the overall prediction performance was not high for all classifiers. Moreover, the classifiers' vocabulary did not explicitly capture the error features that were helpful in correctly grading the Korean essay. By overcoming these two limitations, we expect the score range prediction performance to improve.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.33-50
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• 2023

'Fasting of the Mind (心齋, ch. xīn zhāi)' is arguably the most important concept within the practical approach to the spiritual cultivation formulated by the Daoist philosopher, Zhuangzi (莊子). Most scholars have interpreted 'Fasting of the Mind' as an apophatic practice centered around the aim of the 'Dissolution of the Self (喪我, ch. sàng wŎ).' The Korean new religious movement, Daesoon Jinrihoe (大巡眞理會), can be shown to instead consistently utilize cataphatic descriptions of spiritual cultivation based on the 'quieting of the mind (安心, kr. anshim)' and 'quieting of the body (安身, kr. anshin)' with the highest attainable state referred to as the 'Perfected State of Unification with the Dao (道通眞境, kr. Dotong-jingyeong).' While the language used by Zhuangzi and Daesoon Jinrihoe appears quite different on a superficial level, a deeper examination shows that these rhetorical framings are likely negativistic and positivistic descriptions of the same, or at least reasonably similar, phenomena. Zhuangzi, who focused primarily on the body, mind, and internal energy, cautioned practitioners that 'mere listening stops with the ears (聽止於耳, ch. tīng zhǐ yú ěr)' and 'mere recognition stops with the mind (心止於符, ch. xīn zhǐ yú fú).' He therefore encouraged cultivators of the Dao to 'listen with the spirit (聽之以氣 ch. tīng zhī yǐ qì).' The main scripture of Daesoon Jinrihoe states that "The mind is a pivot, gate, and gateway for gods; They, who turn the pivot, open, and close the gate, and go back and forth through the gateway, can be either good or evil (心也者, 鬼神之樞機也, 門戶也,道路也)," and the Supreme God of the Ninth Heaven (九天上帝, kr. Gucheon Sangje) even promises to visit anyone who possesses a 'singularly-focused mind (一心, kr. il-shim).' In both these approaches, there is a sense of what must be kept out of the mind (e.g., external disturbances, strong emotions, malevolent entities) and what the mind should connect with to attain spiritual progress (e.g., spirit, singular focus, the Supreme God). The observations above serve as the main basis for a comparison between the apophatic descriptions of cultivation found in Zhuangzi and their cataphatic counterparts in Daesoon Thought. However, the culmination of this nuanced comparative exploration reveals that while the leanings of Zhuangzi and Daesoon Thought generally hold true, ultimately, both systems of cultivation transcend the categories of apophatic and cataphatic.