• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salt formation on the percutaneous absorption of meloxicam through hairless mouse skin from a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) matrix. In addition, the influences of enhancers on the permeation of meloxicam or meloxicam-ethanolamine (MX-EA) salts across the hairless mouse skin were evaluated using a flow-through diffusion cell system. The salt formation of meloxicam resulted in lower permeation rate than the parent drug. $Span^{(R)}$ 80 provided the highest enhancing effect for meloxicam and meloxicam monoethanolamine salt. The maximum amount of the drug that can be loaded without retarding permeation rate was different depending on the compound. No relationship was found between the fluxes of meloxicam or MX-EA salts from saturated solutions and those from PSA matrices containing the same enhancer.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

A reversed phase HPLC analysis of atorvastatin (AS) standard solution was performed using diclofenac (DF) as internal standard. Column oven temperature, flow rate and the composition of the mobile phase were varied in order to determine a practical system setup using a C18 column and UV detector. Two C18 columns of different length were compared regarding their influence on the AS peak shape. Based on these preliminary experiments a validation study was performed utilizing a C18 column at $62^{\circ}C$ with a mobile phase consisting of sodium phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 4.0), methanol and acetonitrile (40:50:10, v/v/v). The detection limit for AS was $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ and inter- and intra-day calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of $0.2-50{\mu}g/ml$. Accuracy and precision were satisfactory in the AS concentration range of $0.5-50{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2010

A fast dissolving tablet was developed using the freeze-drying technique. Hyeonggaeyeongyotang was selected as a model oriental medicine. Formulation and processing parameters were studied to obtain freeze-dried tablet with high drug loading, good palatability, and fast disintegration time. $Kollidon^{(R)}$ CLM served as both matrix former and taste masking agent. Ethanol used as co-solvent, decreased the disintegration time of tablet. Aspartame was employed to impart better taste. Drying condition was found to have a major effect in the morphology of the tablets. Freeze-drying process was optimized to decrease the processing time and improve the appearance of the tablets.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2009

Sodium polyacrylate based hydrogel patch was prepared and its wound healing efficacy in comparison with control groups was evaluated in thermal burn wound ($200^{\circ}C$, 10 sec burn) and excision wound rat model. Cytotoxicity of gamma irradiated (25 kGy) hydrogel patch was investigated in human fibroblasts and showed no significant cytotoxicity. Wound closure rates (H50%) in hydrogel patch group and BAND-$AID^{(R)}$ treated group were faster than that of control group (uncovered open wound). Hydrogel patch showed an enhancement in wound healing process.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

Docetaxel is an anticancer agent with low aqueous solubility. More extensive clinical use of this drug is somewhat delayed due to lack of appropriate delivery vehicles. An attempt was made to adopt an o/w emulsion as the drug carrier which incorporated docetaxel in the propyleneglycerol stabilized by a mixed-emulsifier system. A suitable formulation was found in this study: 10 mg/mL docetaxel, 10% (w/v) oil blend, 4% (w/v) PG, 3% (w/v) Solutol HS 15 in 2.25% (w/v) glycerol solution. The formulated emulsion has very good stability when stored at $40^{\cird}C$, and the docetaxel containment efficiency can be maintained above 95% and the mean emulsion diameter around $10{\mu}m$ for at least 3 months. The formulated emulsion is a promising carrier for docetaxel and other lipophilic drugs.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.303-311
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• 2008

Highly hydrophobic lubricants including magnesium stearate may hinder water penetration into the tablet core resulting in delayed disintegration of fast disintegrating tablets. Alternative lubricants with equivalent lubricating properties may need to be incorporated into the tablet formulations. Sodium stearyl fumarate, glyceryl behenate and polyethylene glycol were evaluated regarding the tablet ejection energy, mechanical strength and disintegration time using Texture analyzer (TA). Resulting tablets were also compared with different particle sizes of granules and various compression forces. Among the tested lubricants, sodium stearyl fumarate was less sensitive to mixing time and also showed better or competitive tablet properties. During the experiments, TA was found to be very useful tool to investigate the tablet properties.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.319-323
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• 2008

For transdermal delivery of ceramides, various liposomes formulations were studied and evaluated. Sodium deoxycholate (SDC), Tween 20 and Span 85 were used as edge activators. The skin permeation of ceramides was performed using a Franz cell apparatus with hairless mouse skin. Among edge activators, SDC showed the higher values of deformability index and skin permeation than did others. For optimization of formulations, we varied the ratios of lipids to edge activators and the compositions between phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramides. The optimal ratio of lipid to SDC was observed to be 6:1 (w:w) and that of PC and ceramide was 1:1. Our results suggest that the skin permeation of ceramides could be enhanced by optimized deformable formulations of liposomes containing SDC as a major edge activator.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2005

Addition of 30% propylene glycol was required to maintain sink condition in the evaluation of percutaneous absorption of estradiol and norethindrone acetate. The permeability of estradiol was higher in silicone and SIS adhesives. However, estradiol was crystallized in silicone, SIS, and SBS adhesive matrix. The permeability ratio of estradiol or norethindrone acetate from acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives varied widely depending on the functional group of the acrylic adhesives. PEO grafting to acrylic adhesive seemed to change physicochemical property of acrylic adhesive and increased the permeability of estradiol and norethindrone acetate significantly. On the contrary, highly cross-linked enhancer compatible acrylic adhesive decreased the permeability of both estradiol and norethindrone acetate. $Span^{\circledR}$ 20 provided the highest enhancing effect on the permeability of both estradiol and norethindrone acetate followed by oleic acid and $Crovol^{\circledR}$ EP40. The permeability of the drugs from the developed system was comparable to that from commercial $Combitran^{\circledR}$, although significantly lower amount of estradiol and norethindrone acetate were loaded in the developed system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.467-469
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate main ingredients of Hwangtoh (Korean yellow ochre), especially ferric oxide $(Fe_{2}O_{3})$ content. In this study, X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry was employed to analyze the ingredients of Hwangtoh. The ferric oxide $(Fe_{2}O_{3})$ contents of Hwangtoh from Hwa Sun, Ham An, Chil Gok, Sun Chun, Ha Dong, San Chung, Go Chang, Kim Che and Jeong Eup were 1.5, 5.66, 11.76, 6.63, 2.74, 11.4, 4.84, 7.21 and 6.23%, respectively. Based on the above results, any Hwangtoh sample didn't meet the ferric oxide $(Fe_{2}O_{3})$ content criterion.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2005

Although many scientists have used pectin, its feasibility in terms of tablet manufacturability with a high speed machine has never been evaluated. Therefore, compactibility of different pectin types for large scale tableting operation has been evaluated. The compactibility behavior of powder pectins was studied by a compaction simulator. It was found that pectin on its own does not produce tablets of acceptable quality even at a punch velocity as low as 20 rpm (e.g. low tensile strengths, capping and lamination irrespective of applied compression force). Thus, dwell time was introduced and more hard compact was produced as relaxation time in die increases. It was concluded that frequent structural failure observed in both pectin types was due to lack of plastic deformation, poor compactibility and high elastic recovery.