• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

The conception rate of cow is a major factor in farm management. The environment of farm and management of cow are the best influencing factors on conception rate, and the fertility of bull is the second influencing factor. In Hanwoo bull, however, the informations limited to performance and carcass traits have been offered to Hanwoo farmer. Therefore, this study analysed the estimated relative conception rates (ERCR) for estimation of fertility of bulls, using the 8,892 mating data with 116 heads of prove bull to produce progeny. Mean of least square means of conception rate after first insemination was 50.95% in bull herds. On the standard of this mean, ERCRs after first insemination of each bull were analysed. Values ranged from -26.1% to +21.0%, the difference was 47.1%. Among 116 heads of bull analysed, KPN582 showed the highest ERCR as 21.0%, KPN550 (18.3%), KPN656 (16.7%), KPN632 (15.8%), KPN690 (14.9%) were gone behind, but KPN621 was the lowest as -26.1%, KPN680 (-21.3%), KPN674 (-16.2%), KPN569 (-15.9%), KPN699 (-14.9%) were succeeded. If ERCRs of Hanwoo bull will be offered to Hanwoo farmer, it will be worthwhile.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate artificial insemination (AI) failure status and frozen semen characteristics in Korean proven bulls' number (KPN) semen used for AI of Hanwoo cows in Gangwon East region (Gangneung, Donghae, Taebaek, Samcheok, Sokcho, Yangyang, Goseong). Among semen used for AI, AI failure rate showed lowest at KPN506 (27.6%), whereas highest at KPN593 (77.2%). Correlations of AI failure in between Korean proven bulls semen and cows was 0.2941, which means that AI failure rate of Korean proven bulls semen may have respectable effect on reproduction of Hanwoo cow. In addition, present study was conducted to investigate spermatozoal viability rate, ruptured acrosome rate and active mitochondria in frozen Korean proven bulls semen with flow cytometry. The semen of KPN593 showed significantly ($p$<0.05) higher viability rate in KPN593 (30.49%) than that in KPN637 (37.34%). Furthermore, percentage of ruptured acrosome was lower in KPN637 as 21.37% than in KPN637 (21.37%), but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, these results indicate that choice of Korean proven bulls semen may correlate positively with conception rate in Hanwoo cow. Therefore, KPN with high AI failure rate might be avoid to increase conception rate and characteristics of frozen semen might be evaluated before its use for AI.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1987

A restriction endonuclease, Kpn I has been isolated from Klebsiella pneumonia. Cells were broken by sonication. After ultracentrifugation the supernatant containing Kpn I activity was further purified by Sepharose-6B gel filtration, DEAD-Cellulose, Heparin-Agarose, and Aminohexyl-Agarose column chromatography. Final enzyme preparation was essentially free of contamination exonuclease and phosphatase, as judged by ligation-recut test. Total activity of the enzyme recovered from 10 grams of cells was $4.7\times 10^5$ units.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to optimize the selection of sperm sources, optimal culture systems and vitrification method depends on sperm sources. The oocytes were inseminated with either KPN 105, 114, 191, SNU 101, 102, 103 or epididymis and then embryos inseminated were cultured in oviductal cell co-culture or HECM-6 as defined me dium. The blastocysts produced were pooled according to sperm sources as KPN, SNU or epididymis and then vitrified by OPP vitrification method. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The cleavage(86.2 or 84.7%) and development rates to blastocyst (30.6 or 32.0%) were not significantly different between oviductal cell co-culture or HECM-6 culture systems(P<0.05). 2. To determine the optimal sperm sources for using IVF in this system, cleavage rates in KPN 191 and SNU 101 (74.2, 55.8%) were significantly lower rather than those in KPN 105, 114, SNU 102, 103 or epididymis (86.7, 85.1, 89.8, 85.5 or 81.2%), but development rates to blastocyst in KPN 114, SNU 103 or epididymis sperm (30.0, 33.0 or 28.6%) were significantly higher rater than those in KPN 105, 191, SNU 101, 102(21.4, 15.4, 14.9 or 25.4%), respectively (P<0.05). 3. The blastocysts produced were pooled according to sperm sources as KPN, SNU or epididymis and then vitrified by OPP vitrification method. The survival rates were not significantly different among sperm sources (89.6%: 43/48 ; 90.1%: 46/51 ; 83.3% : 20/24). These results obtained indicate that the defined medium, HECM-6, could be use to produce of IVP bovine embryos. Since the frozen semen must be required to maintain of unvariation data in IVP embryo production system, KPN 114 and SNU 103 produced in our laboratory were useful for this purpose. The blastocysts produced by different sperm sources as KPN, SNU or epididymis were vitrified by OPP vitrification method and survived very high rates. The OPP vitrification method could be susceptibility to use of IVP bovine blastocyst embryos.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.622-628
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• 2009

In the present study, the therapeutic potential of purified and well-characterized bacteriophages was evaluated in thermally injured mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055. The efficacy of five Klebsiella phages (Kpn5, Kpn12, Kpn13, Kpn17, and Kpn22) was evaluated on the basis of survival rate, decrease in bacterial counts in different organs of phage-treated animals, and regeneration of skin cells as observed by histopathological examination of phage-treated skin. Toxicity studies performed with all the phages showed them to be non-toxic, as no signs of morbidity and mortality were observed in phage-treated mice. The results of the study indicate that a single dose of phages, intraperitoneally (i.p.) at an MOI of 1.0, resulted in significant decrease in mortality, and this dose was found to be sufficient to completely cure K. pneumoniae infection in the burn wound model. Maximum decrease in bacterial counts in different organs was observed at 72 h post infection. Histopathological examination of skin of phage-treated mice showed complete recovery of burn infection. Kpn5 phage was found to be highly effective among all the phages and equally effective when compared with a cocktail of all the phages. From these results, it can be concluded that phage therapy may have the potential to be used as stand-alone therapy for K. pneumoniae induced burn wound infection, especially in situations where multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms are encountered.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.935-941
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• 2010

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is one of the most critical problems of modern medicine. Bacteriophages have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic agent for such bacterial infections. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic potential of phage Kpn5 in the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infection in a mouse model. An experimental model of contact burn wound infection was established in mice employing K. pneumoniae B5055 to assess the efficacy of phage Kpn5 in vivo. Survival and stability of phage Kpn5 were evaluated in mice and the maximum phage count in various organs was obtained at 6 h and persisted until 36 h. The Kpn5 phage was found to be effective in the treatment of Klebsiella-induced burn wound infection in mice when phage was administered immediately after bacterial challange. Even when treatment was delayed up to 18 h post infection, when all animals were moribund, approximately 26.66% of the mice could be rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. The ability of this phage to protect bacteremic mice was demonstrated to be due to the functional capabilities of the phage and not due to a nonspecific immune effect. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were significantly lower in sera and lungs of phage-treated mice than phage untreated control mice. The results of the present study bring out the potential of bacteriophage therapy as an alternate preventive approach to treat K. pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infections. This approach not only helps in the clearance of bacteria from the host but also protects against the ensuing inflammatory damage due to the exaggerated response seen in any infectious process.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1992

nif (nitrogen fixation)-H.D, K genes of Frankia sp. SNU 014201. a symbiotic strain isolated from root nodule of Alnus hirsura, were found to be located in the genome on 13.5 kb of EcoRI, 18.0 kb of BamHI, 10.5 kb of BglII and 4.5 kb of KpnI fragments. Using EMBL-3 BamHI arms of bacteriophage lambda. the genomic library was constructed. from which fourteen recombinant phage nif-clones were selected. Among them, Ahnif-I2 had insert DNA of 18 kb, in which 7.9 kb of BamHl fragment contained nif-H, D, K and 3.6 kb of HindlIl/KpnI had nif-H and partial -D. Therefore, the 7.9 kb and 3.6 kb fragments were subcloned and partial restriction maps were constructed. As the results, nif-F1, D.K genes were found to be located continuously on the 6.5 kb of HindII/BamHI and 5.2 kb of SalIIBamHI fragment in the genome of Frankia sp. SNU 014201.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2023

The genetic diversity of three Hanwoo populations was analyzed using 11 microsatellite (MS) markers for the traceability of Hanwoo beef in this study. A total of 1,099 Hanwoo cattle from two populations (694 line-breeding and 405 general Hanwoo) at the Hanwoo Research Institute (HRI) of the National Institute of Animal Science and 1,171 Korean proven bulls (KPNs) were used for the analysis. Specific alleles of four markers (ETH10, INRA23, TGLA122, and TGLA227) were identified only in the line-breeding population, although at a low allele frequency (0.001 - 0.02). The genetic distance (Nei's D) between line-breeding Hanwoo and KPN was the greatest (0.064), whereas general Hanwoo and KPN were relatively close genetically (0.02); the distance between line-breeding and general Hanwoo was found to be 0.054. These results are expected because the HRI has performed closed breeding via selecting its line-breeding sires without utilizing KPN since 2009. Therefore, the line-breeding Hanwoo population of HRI show different genetic diversity from the KPN population, based on the 11 MS markers. The results of this study provide basic data for securing the genetic diversity of Hanwoo cattle and utilizing line-breeding Hanwoo cattle from the HRI.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 2004

The identification of the leptin gene in 1994 and it's adipocytes specific protein leptin hal provided the first physiological links to the regulatory system controlling body weight and fat deposits. The meat tastes is mainly determined by quantifY and quality of triglyceride stored in adipose tissue. This study was conducted to analyze genetic cbaracteristics of Hanwoo leptin gene and also to investigate the association of DNA marlcer with some economic meat traits for Hanwoo. The leptin hormone gene polymorphisms were identified by digestion with Kpn2 I and Msp I. Slaughter weight(SWI), slaughter peroentage(SP), longissimus muscle area(LMA), beef marbling score(MS) and back fat thickness(BF) were compared among three genotypes by P(R..RFlJ> and showed significant differences among genotypes. PCR-RFLP(Kpn2 I) were detected significant for SP, MS and BF. The allele was essociated with fatter carcasses and C allele with leaner carcasses.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.283-287
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• 2014

Sexed semen is commonly used for the production of calves of the desired gender. Gender selection is important in animal production industries. For example, female cattle are required for the dairy industry while males are preferred in the beef cattle industry. The present study was to assess the in vivo embryo production efficiency using the semen separated according to sex during superovulation in Hanwoo. Seventy Hanwoo donor cows were flushed on day 7 of estrus cycle with same FSH and artificial insemination by the same technicians. Embryos were recovered on 7 days after the third insemination by flushing the uterus with embryo collection medium. KPN semen straws used artificial insemination contained 20 million sperm (total number 60 million per donor). Sex-sorted semen straws contained 4 million sperm (total number 12 million per donor). The results obtained were as follows: No differences were observed in the efficiency of superovulation rates on KPN semen 87%, and sexed semen 100%, respectively. The mean numbers of total embryos are each $12.58{\pm}8.31$ and $13.25{\pm}7.86$. The mean numbers of transferable embryos, sexed semen were significantly lower than KPN semen ($3.75{\pm}1.98$ vs. $8.23{\pm}6.07$, P<0.05). The rates of unfertilized embryos from superovulation using sexed semen were significantly higher than KPN semen (50% vs. 15%, P<0.05). The rate of degenerated 2-cell embryos from sexed and KPN semen was 60.87% and 11.11%, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that superovulation using sexed semen was useful, but efficient embryo production was important to reducing the damage caused by the Flowcytometer-based sperm sorting procedure.