• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

This paper interprets the social and cultural significance of the "landscape" in North Korea by exploring the object and context of the text referring to the "landscape" in North Korean literature. To this end, the paper first classified the objects describing "landscapes" in serial publications and newspaper articles by types and grouped them according to trend. As a result, the social and cultural significance of the "landscape" in North Korea can be divided among "Projection Object of Orthodoxy", "Visuality extended to the City" and "Visible Socialist-Fairyland". First, in an article about Baekdusan (Mt. Baekdu), "landscape" was used as a medium to prove the legitimacy of the successor. Next, in the Kim Jong-Un regime, "landscape" was used as a word to describe the visual interactions by human economic activities. Finally, as a way to visualize the achievements in the landscape sector, a term for ranking landscapes such as "Socialist-Fairyland" was adopted during Kim Jong-Un's reign. This can be interpreted as one of the devices visualizing the "landscape" and is clearly distinguished from the past.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.68-80
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• 2023

With the recent changes in society and the introduction of new technologies, the usage patterns of parks have become diverse, leading to increased complexity in park management. As a result, there is a growing demand for flexible and diverse park management that can adapt to these new requirements. However, there is inadequate discussion on these new demands and whether urban park management policies can respond. Therefore, empirical research on how park usage patterns are evolving is critical. To address this, blog data, in which individuals share their experiences, was used to examine the spatial consumption patterns through semantic network and topic analysis. This study also explored whether these spatial consumption patterns exhibit experiential consumption characteristics according to the experience economy theory. The results showed that consumption behaviors, such as renting picnic sets and having food and drinks delivered, were prominent and that emotional experiences were pursued. Furthermore, these findings were consistent with the experiential consumption characteristics of the experience economy theory. This suggests that park planning and maintenance methods need to become more flexible and diverse in response to the changing demands for park usage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.70-82
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• 2016

We investigated the vegetation structure in Cultural Heritage Site of Odaesan National Park using 52 quadrats for each type of land use to figure out some characteristics of plant biotope. As we classified vegetation communities, they are six groups of communities. distinguished species in two of them are Taraxacum officinal, Erigeron annuus and Poa pratensis which are common in urban areas. Distinguished species in one of them are Potentilla fragarioides var. major which is common in outskirt of forest. And Distinguished species in another 3 communities are Sasa borealis and Quercus mongolica which are common in forest. Using TWINSPAN and DCA, we are able to classify the six communities into 3 types biotope (temple-biotope, slope-biotope, forest-biotope) in Cultural Heritage Site. The dominant species of urban-biotope are Poa pratensis, Artemisia prinseps and that of slope-biotope is Tripterygium regelii. Also the dominant species of forest-biotope are Quercus mongolica, Abies holophylla and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. We could see more species in slope-biotope than another biotope types. Moreover, in urban-biotope types, we could find many of naturalized plant species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.96-107
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• 2016

This study is an attempt to trace the origins of Korean botanical gardens prior to the construction of the botanical garden in Changgyeonggung Palace. We trace the time period during which Korean intellectuals first understood and appropriated botanical gardens based on accounts found in travel journals. These were written by members of delegations sent to Japan, Russia, and Great Britain and by students who had studied abroad, such as Tchi-Ho Yun and Kil-Chun Yu, during the open port period from 1876 to 1910. This study shows that the term "botanical garden" did not appear in any of the travel journals and the delegations did not show much interest in them until the 1880s. Japan had planned to introduce the different types of botanical gardens to the delegations from the Joseon Dynasty, but the delegations left no official records or related accounts regarding their visits. In contrast, members of delegations who were sent to Russia, Europe, and America after the 1890s began to pay attention to botanical gardens. They considered botanical gardens as a representative and essential part of Western culture and attempted to introduce them in Korea as essential tools for academic development as well as for enlightenment. Although many Korean intellectuals' opinions about the necessity of a botanical garden did not actually lead to its construction during the open port period, such a movement was significant in that it strengthened the botanical garden's image as a symbol of civilization. Apart from tracing the origins of the botanical gardens in Korea, this study serves as fundamental research material for understanding the establishment of the Changgyeongwon Botanical Garden in 1909.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.130-142
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• 2016

After the revision of the Urban Park Act in 2005, historical parks emerged in Korea to promote the preservation of historical heritage while also offering recreation and education to ordinary citizens. It is now time to examine the characteristics of domestic historical parks by examining their current operational conditions, and seek appropriate institutional improvements. By studying the characteristics of historical parks in various countries, as well as the trends in the designation and development of domestic historical parks, this study attempts to examine the function and role of historical parks, and seeks a direction for future action. Through its literature review, this study also examines the current state of historical parks through cooperation with relevant public officials and experts. The results of the study show that, despite historical resources being concentrated in sites dating to the Joseon Dynasty, they also include heritage pertaining to persons, events, and places. There is also a trend toward increasing the focus on modern heritage. Historical parks show differences across existing cities and new towns, as well as between major cities and provincial cities. Provincial cities showed a recent trend of using historical parks as important resources for strengthening their economics and solidifying their identities. Also, there are many cases where the designated category for a park is changed to a historical park. In such cases, there may be a problem where certain functions of the park run into conflict. Domestic historical parks can be divided into four categories: heritage parks, memorial parks, historical theme parks, and historic parks. Such detailed classification schemes may serve as the strategic foundation for later conservation and usage of historical heritage, as well as a standard for suggesting concrete direction in the operation of historical parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the usage of and satisfaction with neighborhood parks and university campuses and compare through the RPRS analysis of them to figure out how university campuses, as substitutive green spaces, play the role of curative environment for neighboring people. This study relied on two methods: a descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings and an empirical study of researching how the park and campus has been utilized and researching whether the residents are satisfied with the currently existing space and the environment or not, and finally researching how the university campus open space as a curative environment impacts the satisfaction and utilization through reliability analysis. As a result, contribution of healing environment has a relatively high average contribution of 4 or more points, respectively. These results suggest that urban people think that a relationship between man and nature is very important in the overabundance of stress in modern society. It shows that neighborhoods are higher than university campuses in the explanatory of the Attention Restoration Theory, but the campus is higher than the neighborhood park in similarity of configuration. The result of RPRS analysis shows that the therapeutic qualities of the landscape may be very useful to evaluate a college campus open space in "the Revised Perceived Restoration Scale." The results showed that, in future studies, it will be a great help by widespread use of pre-evaluation of the characteristics of restorative environments in the planning, design and other works. To study the impact of the curative features on evaluating future research locations, the location should provide a variety of purposes and motives. At the same time, it should provide specific design ideas to design-related designers by using perceived restoration scale.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

In terms of quality of life, leisure and health have become important issues with increasing incomes and decreasing working hours in Korea. This study empirically investigates the effects of urban open space on outdoor leisure activities, emphasizing that parks, river banks, and physical activity sites can provide opportunities such as walking, jogging, stretching, and cycling, free of charge to all residents. Based on 2010 sample survey data on leisure activities, multiple regression model as well as hierarchical linear model are estimated, taking account of both individual characteristics on demand and environmental/areal factors on supply side, including open space. Major findings include: first, urban open space significantly increases residents' outdoor leisure activities, second, the effect is more significant for the elderly and third, the effect is more valid for those with relatively low incomes and less education. These results imply that urban open space could be available as a local public good to cope with population aging and to realize health city and social welfare, since this space is not only a leisure place but also public health and welfare facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to offer raw data regarding landscape plantings of traditional cultural heritages by surveying and analysing the actual flora and landscape planting species distributed in Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond in Gyeongju, Korea. The results are as follows. The flora were summarized as 149 taxa including 65 families, 117 genera, 134 species, 1 subspecies, 10 varieties and 4 forms. The naturalized plants were of 18 taxa including Rumex crispus, Trifolium repens, Ailanthus altissima, Veronica persica, Senecio vulgaris, Festuca myuros and the like. Invasive species included Rumex acetosella. As a result of the analysis of chronological changes in landscape planting species, 23 taxa were planted in 1979, whereas 48 taxa were planted in 2014. Therefore, the number of these species increased by 25 taxa. The landscape planting species were of 48 taxa including 6 taxa of evergreen trees, 2 taxa of evergreen shrubs, 27 taxa of deciduous trees, 12 taxa of deciduous shrubs and 1 taxa of other. In present conditions by sections, Section A was 25 taxa, 15 taxa of Section B, 13 taxa of Section C and 29 taxa of Section D. The species planted in common were 4 taxa including Pinus densiflora, Acer palmatum, Euonymus alatus and Rhododendron yedoense for. poukhanense. The problems in the present conditions of landscape planting were volunteer species, the occurrence of scrub and vines and the spread of invasive alien plants. To restore and improve the planting landscape and facilitate tree growth, scrub, volunteer species and invasive alien plants must be removed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2015

Many urban areas in Korea suffer from repeated flood damage during intensive rainfall due to an increase in impervious areas caused by rapid urbanization and deteriorating sewage systems. A centralized stormwater management system has caused severe flood damage in an area that has proven unable to accommodate recent climate change and a rise in precipitation. Most flooding prevention projects that have been recently implemented focus on increasing drainage system capacity by expanding the size of sewer pipes and adding pumping stations in downstream areas. However, such measures fail to provide sustainable solutions since they cannot solve fundamental problems to reduce surface runoff caused by urbanization across the watershed. A decentralized stormwater management system is needed that can minimize surface runoff and maximize localized retention capacity, while maintaining the existing drainage systems. This study proposes a stormwater management corridor for the flood-prone watershed in the city of Dongducheon. The corridor would connect the upstream, midstream, and downstream zones using various methods for reducing stormwater runoff. The research analyzed surface runoff patterns generated across the watershed using the Modified Rational Method considering the natural topography, land cover, and soil characteristics of each sub-watershed, as well as the urban fabric and land use. The expected effects of the design were verified by the retainable volume of stormwater runoff as based on the design application. The results suggest that an open space network serve as an urban green infrastructure, potentially expanding the functional and scenic values of the landscape. This method is more sustainable and effective than an engineering-based one, and can be applied to sustainable planning and management in flood-prone urban areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.27-42
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• 2015

This study reviews the current status of the Korean landscape resources survey and foreign cases in order to determine the meaning and importance of it. Several cases are compared based on the evaluation method, the evaluation criteria and the application plan. Twelve domestic cases of landscape resources survey are reviewed to understand the current status and limitations of the Korean status, and 5 foreign cases to determine the implications for the Korean system. As the result of the analysis, some implications are drawn for domestic landscape resource system. First of all, it is suggested to establish more objective criteria to evaluate and select landscape resources. Various values of landscape resources should be included into the criteria and more people, as well as experts, should participate to reflect local conditions. Secondly, the management for the landscape resources must be implemented continuously. It is important to introduce a periodic reassessment system and to construct and manage a database of the landscape resources. Lastly, the landscape resource system should be integrated into other programs such as an environmental impact assessment and landscape planning. For a better landscape resource management system and efficient evaluation, resources should be comprehensively managed including various landscape types. It is essential to establish supporting policies and legislation. This research covered only the current status of the landscape resource survey and reviewed a limited number of foreign cases. Despite these limitations, it is meaningful for showing the importance of landscape resource management and to suggest some future tasks for better landscape resources management.