Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
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A Study on the Perception of Korean Intellectuals on Botanical Gardens during the Open Port Period

식물원에 대한 개항기 한국 지식인의 인식 고찰

  • Kim, Jung-Hwa (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University) ;
  • Zoh, Kyung-Jin (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 김정화 (서울대학교 협동과정조경학) ;
  • 조경진 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경조경학과)
  • Received : 2016.03.24
  • Accepted : 2016.04.19
  • Published : 2016.04.30
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Abstract

This study is an attempt to trace the origins of Korean botanical gardens prior to the construction of the botanical garden in Changgyeonggung Palace. We trace the time period during which Korean intellectuals first understood and appropriated botanical gardens based on accounts found in travel journals. These were written by members of delegations sent to Japan, Russia, and Great Britain and by students who had studied abroad, such as Tchi-Ho Yun and Kil-Chun Yu, during the open port period from 1876 to 1910. This study shows that the term "botanical garden" did not appear in any of the travel journals and the delegations did not show much interest in them until the 1880s. Japan had planned to introduce the different types of botanical gardens to the delegations from the Joseon Dynasty, but the delegations left no official records or related accounts regarding their visits. In contrast, members of delegations who were sent to Russia, Europe, and America after the 1890s began to pay attention to botanical gardens. They considered botanical gardens as a representative and essential part of Western culture and attempted to introduce them in Korea as essential tools for academic development as well as for enlightenment. Although many Korean intellectuals' opinions about the necessity of a botanical garden did not actually lead to its construction during the open port period, such a movement was significant in that it strengthened the botanical garden's image as a symbol of civilization. Apart from tracing the origins of the botanical gardens in Korea, this study serves as fundamental research material for understanding the establishment of the Changgyeongwon Botanical Garden in 1909.

본 연구는 창경궁 내 식물원이 조성되기 이전에 나타난 한국 근대 식물원의 효시를 찾고자 하는 시도이다. 이를 위해 1876년부터 1910년의 개항기에 일본, 러시아, 영국에 파견된 사절단이나 윤치호 및 유길준과 같은 해외 유학생이 작성한 기행문 형식의 글을 실마리 삼아 당시 한국 지식인들이 식물원을 이해하고 전유하는 양상을 읽어내려 하였다. 연구 결과, 식물원에 관한 내용은 1880년대까지만 하더라도 기행문에 등장하지 않았다. 여러 식물원을 안내하려고 했던 일본 측의 계획과 달리 일본에 파견된 조선 사절단들은 식물원을 방문하지 않고 관련 기록도 남기지 않는 등 식물원에 대한 흥미를 보이지 않았다. 반면, 1890년대 이후 러시아, 유럽, 미국 등지에 파견된 사절단이나 유학생들은 식물원에 관심을 보이기 시작하였다. 그들은 식물원을 문명국인 서구의 대표적 문물이자 필수품으로 판단하고 학문 발전과 계몽의 도구로서 국내에 도입하고자 노력하였다. 비록 개항기 한국 지식인들의 식물원의 필요성에 대한 인식 및 주장이 실제 식물원 조성으로 이어지지는 못하였으나, 이들의 기록과 견해는 문명의 표상으로서 식물원의 이미지를 공고히 하였다는 점에서 중요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 한국 근대 식물원 개념의 태동을 구체화하고 1909년 창경궁 내 식물원의 설립을 이해하는 데 밑거름을 제공하는 기초연구로서 의의를 갖는다.

Keywords

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