• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.389-403
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• 2011

Studies on effects of human action on the destruction of ecosystems and changes in biodiversity are being processed actively from the view point of landscape ecology. This study investigated present distribution status of the naturalization plant by disturbance of natural ecosystem which could be seen on 35 rural villages in Korea. The study made a landuse map on the study area then quantified the landscape ecologic characteristic using landscape index based on this landuse map. Correlation between landscape index on the study area and distribution characteristic of naturalization plant was analyzed. The landscape index was calculated by FRAGSTATS, a spatial analysis program, and naturalization index and urbanization index were used in the distribution characteristic of naturalization plant. As a result, naturalization index and patch density, naturalization index and edge density, naturalization index and area-weighted mean shape index were shown as having positive correlation, and naturalization and core area percentage of landscape, naturalization index and mean core area were displayed as having negative correlation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.2 s.109
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• pp.127-133
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• 2005

Precision tillage is designed to till lands variably according to their firmness. Therefore, it is necessary to measure soil firmness in fields and present it in a form with which the variable tillage on be performed. Such forms may be classified into two categories: sensor-based and map-based forms. The map-based approach appears to be inevitable until the technology develops high enough to secure the sensor-based approaches. The first step for map-based precision tillage may be to develop a tillage recommendation map. In this study, a tractor-mountable automatic soil firmness measurement system was developed to construct a cone index map. The system is comprised of three ASAE Standard cone penetrometers and a hydraulic unit for controlling operation of the penetrometers. The system is designed to conduct stop-and-go measurements in fields. The measurements from the three penetrometers are transferred to a microcomputer and the average cone index was calculated. This average cone index was taken as soil firmness of the location where the measurement was made. The cone indices thus determined were used to construct a cone index map using the ArcView software. The system also displays the soil penetration resistance, cone index and soil depth as the cone penetrates into the soil. The field performance of the system was evaluated and the cone index maps at different depths were also presented.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2574-2586
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• 1999

Since a SGML document is composed of elements, the primitive unit of information, SGML information retrieval should support retrieval on element as well as document. In addition, SGML index organization should support the partial insertion and deletion of document for the dynamic environment. For this, we propose a SGML index organization suited to structured-based retrieval for dynamic environment. Based on the proposed index organization, we design a SGML index manager to support content-based and structure-based retrieval efficiently. We implement the SGML index manager based on O2 storage system and compare the performance of our SGML index manager with the conventional SGML index manager. According to the performance comparison, it is shown that the proposed index structure achieves better retrieval performance than the conventional K-ary complete tree.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.2 s.177
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• pp.141-148
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• 1984

The auther had studied on the debri index, calculus index and simplified oral hygiene index, which was made according to the oral examination criteria recommened by WHO in 1971. The examined persons were 14,825 persons who lived in large cities and rural area. The obtained results were as follows: 1. the simplified oral hygiene index were 1.81 in male and 1.54 in female who lived I large cities. In rural area, the simplified oral hygiene index were 2.23 in male and 1.92 in female. 2. the debri index, calculus index and oral hygiene index were lower in upper jaw than in lower jaw. 3. According to the aging, debri, index, calculus index and simplified oral hygiene index score wee increased. 4. Dental health education what had done was not so effective on oral hygiene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2003

The purpose of this is to evaluate Hakui Stream Naturalness Index(S.N.I). and to find out stats, problems and opportunities of the Hakui stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. The purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Hakui stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and its assessment index accounted for 3.2 to be 3rd grade, and its mode also did 3rd grade. Stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section index accounted for 3.6 in average to be 4th grade, and later section index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and stream bottom structure index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and water environment index did 2.7 to be 3rd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, Problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Hakui stream.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

In this study, meteorological drought indices were examined to simulate hydrological drought. SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and SPEI (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index) was applied to represent meteorological drought. Further, in order to evaluate the hydrological drought, monthly total inflow and SDI (Streamflow Drought Index) was computed. Finally, the correlation between meteorological and hydrological drought indices were analyzed. As a results, in monthly correlation comparison, the correlation between meteorological drought index and monthly total inflow was highest with 0.67 in duration of 270-day. In addition, a meteorological drought index were correlated 0.72 to 0.87 with SDI. In compared to the annual extremes, the relationship between meteorological drought index and minimum monthly inflow was hardly confirmed. But SDI and SPEI showed a slightly higher correlation. There are limitation that analyze extreme hydrological drought using meteorological drought index. For the evaluation of the hydrological drought, drought index which included inflow directly is required.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2013

Objectives : This research examined the Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index according to smoking and tooth brushing behavior, in order to analyze how they influence the oral hygiene. Methods : This research used PHP index and the structured questionnaire. The subjects were 203 men in their 20's who visited K university's dental hygiene department for oral prophylaxis from March to July of 2012. For data analysis SPSS WIN 12.0 was used. Results : 1. The average PHP index of all experimented subjects was 2.66, a very poor level. The PHP index according to general characteristics, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed statistical significance(p<0.05). 2. PHP index decreased with more frequencies and longer durations of toothbrushing(p<0.05). 3. The PHP index of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. In the case of non-smokers, the frequency, method, and duration of tooth brushing had a statistical significance(p<0.05). 4. The PHP index of smokers who smoke less than or equal to ten cigarettes is 2.53 and smokers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes is 3.10. 5. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that smoking increased the PHP index, while the increase in tooth brushing frequency and the up and down tooth brushing method decreased the PHP index. All the coefficients were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions : In order to increase Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index. there must be a decrease in smoking rate while people increase their tooth brushing frequency and use a proper tooth brushing method.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.322-332
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• 2004

The possibility that high, long-term intake of carbohydrates that are rapidly absorbed as glucose may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes has been long-standing controversy. A high consumption of carbohydrates with a high glycemic index produces greater insulin resistance than did the intake of low glycemic index carbohydrates. This study was designed to evaluate the cabohydrate intake status include glycemic index and correlation carbohydrtae intake status with anthropometry factors & other nutrients in usual diet of the Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 104 tpye 2 diabetes mellitus patients(mean age : 51.8yr, male=44.femal=60), we determined carbohydrte intake status include glycemic index with 24hr recall method and measured anthropometry. Mean daily carbohydrtae intakes and glycemic index were 307.3g(male 323.1g, female 295.5g) and 90.7(male 93.4, female 88.8), respectively. We found a strong and statistically significant association between carbohydrate ratio and glycemic index in obese factors, other nutrient. But carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight was low a significant differences in obese factors, other nutrient. Also glycemic index was effected by total energy intake and carbohydrate ratio than carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight. In conclusion, emphasis for dietary modification should be total energy intake and carbohydrate ratio in diabetes mellitus patient.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2009

While database(DB) and information retrieval(IR) have been developed independently, there have been emerging requirements that both data management and efficient text retrieval should be supported simultaneously in an information system such as health care, customer support, XML data management, and digital libraries. The great divide between DB and IR has caused different manners in index maintenance for newly arriving documents. While DB has extended its SQL layer to cope with text fields due to lack of intact mechanism to build IR-like index, IR usually treats a block of new documents as a logical unit of index maintenance since it has no concept of integrity constraint. However, In the DB-IR integrations, a transaction on adding or updating a document should include maintenance of the posting lists accompanied by the document. Although DB-IR integration has been budded in the research filed, the issue will remain difficult and rewarding areas for a while. One of the primary reasons is lack of efficient online transactional index maintenance. In this paper, performance of a few strategies for per-document basis transactional index maintenance - direct index update, pulsing auxiliary index and posting segmentation index - will be evaluated. The result shows that the pulsing auxiliary strategy and posting segmentation indexing scheme, can be a challenging candidates for text field indexing in DB-IR integration.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2017

The study estimated the relationship between carbon dioxide, crop and livestock production index in Ghana: Estimating the long-run elasticities and variance decomposition by employing a time series data spanning from 1960-2013 using both fit regression and ARDL models. There was evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, crop production index and livestock production index. Evidence from the study shows that a 1% increase in crop production index will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.52%, while a 1% increase in livestock production index will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.81% in the long-run. There was evidence of a bidirectional causality between a crop production index and carbon dioxide emissions and a unidirectional causality exists from livestock production index to carbon dioxide emissions. Evidence from the variance decomposition shows that 37% of future fluctuations in carbon dioxide emissions are due to shocks in the crop production index while 18% of future fluctuations in carbon dioxide emissions are due to shocks in the livestock production index. Efforts towards reducing pre-production, production, transportation, processing and post-harvest losses are essential to reducing food wastage which affects Ghana's carbon footprint.