• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

The work of VLCC SPM mainly is accomplished on the open sea On the open sea as a result of meteorological condition and the ocean wave influence, When the weather condition is get bed, peremptorily moving to the safety place, because of the gale and the billow, almost happened frequently, the pilot is unable to go on board and the tug is also unable to be used Now bemuse of the bad weather the VLCC SPM moving to the other safety place frequently happened in the ulsan port. the construction of new harbor, it constructed many break water around SPM. So that it is necessary to propose the new standard about how to maneuvering area actually. Now our country is at the blank stage about the establishment of SPM research Most of the situations are refer to overseas standard But these standards lack of consistency and clarity. So when moving to the other safety place from SPM, we must carry through the researching and study on the ships using by sailing data of AIS. we must put forward a new standard about maneuvering area of ship in moving at SPM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.2 s.23
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

The work of VLCC SPM mainly is accomplished on the open sea. On the open sea as a result of meteorological condition and the ocean wave influence, When the weather condition is get bed, peremptorily moving to the safety place, bemuse of the gale and the billow, almost happened frequently, the pilot is unable to go on board and the tug is also unable to be used Now bemuse of the bad weather the VLCC SPM moving to the other safety place frequently happened in the ulsan port. the construction of new harbor, it constructed many break water around SPM. So that it is necessary to propose the new standard about how to maneuvering area actually. Now our country is at the blank stage about the establishment of SPM research Most of the situations refer to overseas standards. But these standards lack consistency and clarity. So when moving to the another safe place from SPM, we must Carry through the research and study on the ships using sailing through AIS Data We must put forward a new standard about maneuvering area of ships moving at SPM.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to conduct a translation, backtranslation, and content validity test of the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) for Korean children. Methods : The translation and content validation process involved direct and backward translation; a test of equivalence between the two versions (the original SPM and the Korean version SPM; K-SPM) was performed using content-related evidence collected by a group of experts and a group of parents. Data analysis was carried out using Excel Content validity indices (CVI), mean, and standard deviation were used for the analysis of content validity. Results : The result of the comparison between the original SPM and K-SPM in the group of experts was 3.54 ± .74, the S-CVI/Avg for semanticity was .92, and the S-CVI/Avg for structure was .86. The results for the mean of the understanding test and the S-CVI/Avg were 3.48 ± .63 and .94, respectively. Conclusion : K-SPM will considerately be used as an assessment to identify sensory processing, praxis, and social participation issues for children in Korea. Further studies are suggested to increase the age range and the sample size for a more comprehensive applicability of the K-SPM to Korean children.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.664-673
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• 2017

With the development of multilevel converters, cascaded single-phase H-bridge rectifiers (CHBRs) has become widely adopted in high-voltage high-power applications. In this study, sequence pulse modulation (SPM) is proposed for CHBRs. SPM is designed to balance the dc-link voltage and maintain the smooth changes of switch states. In contrast to phase disposition modulation, SPM balances the dc-link voltage even after removing the load of one submodule. The operation principle of SPM is deduced, and the unbalance degree of SPM is analyzed. All the proposed approaches are experimentally verified through a prototype of a four-module (nine-level) CHBR. Conclusions are drawn in accordance with the results of SPM and its imbalance degree analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1228-1231
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• 2005

This paper reports about the development of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tip with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT). For making a carbon nanotube (CNT) modified tips, AC electric field which causes the dielectrophoresis was used for alignment and deposition of CNTs to the metal coated SPM tip. By dropping the MWNT solution and applying an electric field between an SPM tip and an electrode, MWNTs which were dispersed into a diluted solution were directly assembled onto the apex of the SPM tips due to the attraction by the dielectrophoretic force. In this paper, we investigate experimental conditions about the alignment of the CNT to tip axis according to the change of the angle between a tip and an electrode. Experimental results are presented, and then fabricated CNT tips are showed and measurement results for 15nm gold particles are compared with that of the conventional silicon tip.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 2005

Antigen presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, playa critical role not only in the initiation of immune responses, but also in the induction of immune tolerance. In an effort to regulate immune responses through the modulation of APC function, we searched for and characterized APC function modulators from natural products. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum SPM1204 (SPM1204) isolated from feces of healthy Korean in the age of 20s was used in this experiment. DCs and macrophages were cultured in the presence of supernatants of SPM 1204 and then examined for their activities for the presentation exogenous antigen in association with major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) and macrophage activation. SPM1204 increased class I MHC-restricted presentation of exogenous antigen (cross-presentation) in a DC cell line, DC2.4 cells. The RAW 264.7 cell line was used to test the nonspecific effect of immune reinforcement of SPM1204 as a source of biological regulating modulator for the macrophage activation, include nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine production. Results showed that the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin 1 (IL-1)-$\beta$ and morphological changes in macrophages were largely affected by SPM1204 in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated that SPM1204 promote cross-presentation of dendritic cells as well as the induction of NO, TNF-$\alpha$ production, and activation of macrophage.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.659-661
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• 1988

SPM is MDC Processor for string pattern expressed in directional chain code. In this paper we consider the string pattern matching algorithm (Leve-nstein Algorithm) whitch is portion of Dynamic Programing, and propose architecture of SPM and simulate it on the R-T level to evaluate its architecture. We used the C language as the hardware description language, and developed it on the IBM PC/AT Zenix system V OS environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.1.1-5
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• 2001

High SPM concentrations(199.8~249.4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥) were detected in the west Korea during the Yellow Sand Periods, 2000. Majority of the total SPM were composed of about 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ sized coarse particles over the periods. However, fine particles sized about 1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and coarse particles sized about 5-6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ showed peaks at the graph of SPM size distribution in the Non Yellow Sand Period. Airborne fungal spores at the SPM samples were cultured and identified. Full-grown colonies during the Yellow Sand Periods, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Basipetospora are hyphomycetes in the division Fungi imperfecti(Deuteromycota). And morphologically more diversified mycelia of hyphomycetes were grown on the sample captured from 1.1~2.1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ sized SPM than on other sized samples during the Yellow Sand Period. But no mold was observed on the sample of 1.1~2.1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ sized SPM in the Non Yellow Sand Period. It was thought that several sorts of fine sized fungal spores were suspended in the atmospheric environment of the west Korea during the Asian dust episodes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2012

Polyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation; however their precise roles are unclear yet. In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of spermine (spm) on MCF-7 cells was investigated. In the MTT assay of MCF-7 cells treated with spm, cell viability was significantly decreased in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Cell viability measurement was confirmed by trypan blue staining. FACS analysis shows that sub-G1 was increased in a time-and dose-dependent manner too. When the cells were treated with spm, cells started to show morphological changes within 2 hrs. The expression of adhesion proteins (FAK and integrin ${\beta}1$), and cytoskeletal protein (actin) was checked by Western blotting analysis. Integrin ${\beta}1$ levels were slightly decreased, and FAK and actin levels were rapidly decreased with spm treatment. In confocal laser scanning microscopy, the distribution of actin did not change but the expression decreased in a dose-dependent manner with spm treatment. FAK was evenly distributed under the plasma membrane in the untreated control. However, at 10 ${\mu}M$ spm FAK seemed to move toward the cell nucleus. Integrin ${\beta}1$, which was mainly found in the focal point of the plasma membrane in the untreated control, dispersed through the entire plasma membrane in spm treatment. The present results indicate that cytotoxic effects of spm are triggered by the disruption of adhesion proteins and cytoskeletal protein.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.220-224
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of second primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 221 patients who underwent surgery with or without adjuvant treatment for head and neck cancer from 2000 to 2002. Data of age, sex, risk factors, sites of primary and SPM, TNM stage of primary tumor, incidence of SPM, and survival were collected from medical charts. Results: Eighteen patients developed SPM during a median follow-up of 67 months, with an overall incidence of 8.14%. In addition, 77.7% of SPMs occurred in the oral cavity, followed by 11% in the lungs. The 5-year overall survival after the diagnosis of SPM in the head or neck was 70%, compared to 30% for SPM in other body regions. Conclusion: Considering a high incidence of SPM, i.e., 8.14%, in a mean follow-up period of 67 months suggests the need for long-term follow-up. Since treatment of SPM has shown an acceptable survival rate, early detection and curative therapy should be emphasized.