• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.132-137
• /
• 2009

Purpose : For the past 10 years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been rapidly increased in female population showing current incidence of 12,000 new thyroid cancer patients annually in Korea. Though differentiated thyroid cancer is known to show favorable prognosis and excellent long-term survival from slow growth and late distant metastasis, we re-evaluated prognostic factors of recurrence and mortality following surgical procedures based on our cases. Material and Methods : 954 Patients of DTC surgically treated at Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital between 1980 and 2004 were reviewed in the aspects of the surgical procedures, clinical staging, risk factors, recurrence and their outcome through median follow-up period of 10.5 years. Results : Recurrence in remnant thyroid, cervical nodes, and distant metastasis were observed in 84 paients(8.8%), and 31 patients were confirmed to be died of locoregional recurrence of cancer and distant metasasis. Regarding the risk factors to recurrence, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, nodal metastasis, and capsular invasion were significant predictors(p<0.05). Local recurrence and distant metastasis had no statistical signiicance according to age, sex, pathology, surgery, and lymphovascular invasion. Overall 10-year survival rate was 92.4%, but low, intermediate, and high-risk patient showed 100%, 94.4%, and 70.5% respectively. Conclusion : The significant factors influencing local recurrence and distant metastasis were tumor size, extrathyroidal exension, LN metastasis, capsular invasion. In order to improve survival rate of high-risk group, appropriate and aggressive management should be recommended.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2012

Background: Long-term surveillance comparing satisfaction between the early experience of Nuss procedure vs. Ravitch procedure. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients that underwent surgical correction of a pectus excavatum between 2001 and 2004 and were followed for ${\geq}2$ years were included. Surveillance on the degree of satisfaction was performed using five-levels of the Likert scale and self-assessment scoring. Results: Nuss or Ravitch surgery was performed in 63 and 37 patients, respectively. The Nuss procedure required a shorter operation time and shorter hospital stay than the Ravitch procedure (p<0.001). The surveillance demonstrated that 17.6% of the Nuss group and 35.7% of the Ravitch group were not satisfied with the outcome of the surgery (p=0.072). The most common causes of dissatisfaction were redepression in the Nuss group (n=5) and incomplete correction in the Ravitch group (n=7). The multivariate analysis showed that reoperation and a high postoperative pectus index were significant risk factors for a low satisfaction score. Conclusion: The Nuss procedure had several advantages over the Ravitch procedure in the immediate postoperative period. However, the long-term satisfaction was determined by a complete correction without recurrence or need for re-intervention rather than by the operation type.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 2007

In this study, natural refrigerants and their mixtures that can supplement and replace R12 and R134a in automobile air-conditioners are studied. R134a is currently used as the refrigerant in new motor vehicle air conditioners, replacing the ozone depleting refrigerant R12. Although R134a has no ozone depletion potential, it has a relatively large global warming potential, approximately 1300 times that of $CO_2$ over a 100 year time horizon. For this reason, performance of natural refrigerants and their mixtures containing R152a, RE170 (Dimethylether, DME) and R600a (Isobutane) are measured under 2 different temperature conditions. They were tested in a refrigerating bench tester with an open type compressor. The test bench provided about 4 kW capacity and water and water/glycol mixture were employed as the secondary heat transfer fluids. Test results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of these refrigerants is up to 21.55% higher than that of R12 in all temperature conditions. Overall, these fluids provide good performance with reasonable energy savings without any environmental problem and thus can be used as long term alternatives for automobile air-conditioners.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2018

Background: Early extubation after cardiovascular surgery has some clinical advantages, including reduced hospitalization costs. Herein, we review the results of ultra-fast-track (UFT) extubation, which refers to extubation performed on the operating table just after the operation, or within 1-2 hours after surgery, in patients with congenital cardiac disease. Methods: We performed UFT extubation in patients (n=72) with a relatively simple congenital cardiac defect or who underwent a simple operation starting in September 2016. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our recently introduced UFT extubation strategy, we retrospectively reviewed 195 patients who underwent similar operations for similar diseases from September 2015 to September 2017, including the 1-year periods immediately before and after the introduction of the UFT extubation protocol. Propensity scores were used to assess the effects of UFT extubation on length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital LOS, and medical costs. Results: After propensity-score matching using logistic regression analysis, 47 patients were matched in each group. The mean ICU LOS ($16.3{\pm}28.6$ [UFT] vs. $28.0{\pm}16.8$ [non-UFT] hours, p=0.018) was significantly shorter in the UFT group. The total medical costs ($182.6{\pm}3.5$ [UFT] vs. $187.1{\pm}55.6$ [non-UFT] ${\times}100,000$ Korean won [KRW], p=0.639) and hospital stay expenses ($48.3{\pm}13.6$ [UFT] vs. $54.8{\pm}29.0$ [non-UFT] ${\times}100,000KRW$, p=0.164) did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: UFT extubation decreased the ICU LOS and mechanical ventilation time, but was not associated with postoperative hospital LOS or medical expenses in patients with simple congenital cardiac disease.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.166-169
• /
• 2018

Repeated use of ACCase inhibiting herbicides for a long time has resulted in increases of resistant Echinochloa oryzicola populations in paddy fields in middle west area of Korea. This study aims to investigate current status of herbicide resistant E. oryzicola in Gyeongsangnam-do, in which there is less information about herbicide resistance. For resistance frequency and dose-response study, seeds from 100 individual plants of E. oryzicola in Gyeongsangnam-do were collected and tested with cyhalofop-butyl. Seven percent of plants from Gyeongsangnam-do was resistant at a recommended rate of cyhalofop-butyl. $GR_{50}$ values (herbicide rates required to reduce plant growth 50%) for one representative resistant populations and five susceptible populations were $738g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$ and 66-234 (average 147)$g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, indicating average 5 times difference in resistance. Although lower rate of frequency of herbicide resistance in Gyeongsangnam-do than in Jeollabuk-do, increases of herbicide resistance are expected in this area because of increases of direct seeded rice fields and increases of dependence on a specific herbicide. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor herbicide resistance regularly and conduct integrated herbicide resistance management in this area.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.851-862
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the proximate composition and antioxidative activities of young barley leaf(YBL). YBL powder(all w/w) was 2.98% moisture, 17.13% crude protein, 4.00% crude fat, 10.72% crude ash, and 65.17% carbohydrate. The contents of total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber were $36.62{\pm}2.33$, $19.05{\pm}1.04$, and $17.57{\pm}1.01g/100g$, respectively. The essential and non-essential amino acids contained in the YBL powder accounted for 46.56% and 53.44% of the total amino acids, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acid was linolenic acid. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 4.84. Only tartaric acid was detected. The contents of vitamins A, C, and E were 0.761, 398.05, and 0.936 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of YBL powder were in the order of Na$IC_{50}$ value for the DPPH radical scavenging of the YBL ethanol extract was $365.74{\pm}6.98mg/mL$. The antioxidative index was high and was similar to that of t-butylated hydroxytouene. These results suggest that YBL can be recommended as a baby vegetable of high nutritional quality and antioxidative properties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.325-331
• /
• 2005

Seedlings of two rice genotyopes, cvs. Ilpumbyeo and Gancheokbyeo, were exposed to 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl in nutrient solution for nine days. Plants were collected at the interval of 3 days and organic and inorganic solutes in leaves and roots and antioxidative enzyme activity in leaves were determined. Under salinity, the accumulation of soluble sugars occurred considerably in the older leaves of stressed seedlings compared to younger leaves and roots. The endogenous Na+ contents markedly increased at higher NaCl concentration in leaves and roots of seedlings, though it was higher accumulated in roots. Salinity resulted in an excessive proline accumulation in the stressed plants. A more pronounced increase was observed in Gancheokbyeo leaves. SOD activity in Impumbyeo cannot found any remarkable change, whereas, in Gancheokbyeo, its activity was rapidly decreased. CAT and POD activities increased with an increase in NaCl concentration in both genotypes. In sum­mary, the high capacity of rice seedlings to overcome an unfavorable growth condition such salt stress appears to be related to an adequate partition of organic solutes between shoots and roots and to changes in absorption, transport and re-translocation of salts.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.301-305
• /
• 2001

The co-expression of the arg U gene in a double-vector expression system of recombi-nant Escherichia coli BL22(DE3)[pET-IEN2a+pAC-argU] significantly enhanced the production level of reconminant human interferon -$\alpha$2a(rhIFN-$\alpha$2a) in high cell density cultures, compared to a recombinant E. coli culture containing only the single expression vector, pET-IEN2a. The dry cell mass concentration increased to almost 100 g/L, and more than 4 g/L of rhIFN-$\alpha$2a was accumu-lated in the culture broth. Evidently, the synthesis of rhIFN-$\alpha$2a was strongly dependent on the pre-induction growtih rate and more efficient at a higher specific growth rate. The additional sup-ply of tRN $A^{Arg(AGG/AGA)}$ enhanced the expression level of the rhIFN-$\alpha$2a gene in the early stage of the post-induction phase, yet thereafter the specific production rate of rhIFN-$\alpha$2a rapidly de-creased due to severe segregational instability of plasmid vector pET-IEN2a. It would appear that the plasmid instability with only occurred to pET-IEN2a in the double vector system, was re-lated to the effect of translational stress due to the over expression of rhIFN-$\alpha$2a.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 1994.02a
• /
• pp.43-43
• /
• 1994

We studied chemical reactio of Eu metal on the in situ cleaved CdTe(110) surface by pphotoemission sppectroscoppy using synchrotron radiation. The chamber was maintained with base ppressure $\leq$2${\times}$10-10 mb during the expperiment. The expperiment was carried out in pphoton Factory in Jappan. Core level pphotoemission sppectroscoppy was carried out with Al K${\alpha}$ Line. The CdTe simiconductor was determined to be pp-typpe with low dopping concentration from Hall measurement. We found that there are two reacted pphases of Te with Eu (related to divalent Eu and trivalent Eu, resppectively) from least square fitting of Te 4d sppectra, but three is no indication of Cd reaction. Trivalent Eu exists after roughly one monolayer depposition (600 sec. depposition time is considered as one monolayer), which is also observed at Eu 3d core level sppectra. Overlayer Eu is metallized after roughly 2 monolayers depposition, as can be deduced from the fact that metallic edge near Fermi level begins to appear. The intensity of core-level of Te decreases expponentially at the initial stage (near one monolayer) and after one monolayer depposition it decreases more slowly due to Te out-diffusion. We categorized the growth mode of Eu on CdTe as S-K growth mode (cluster formation after one monolayer deppisition) from the relative intensity pplot of Te 4d normalized to the cleaved surface. At cleaved surface band bending is already established due to surface defects. At first 100 sec. depposition time the shift toward lower binding side by 0.6 eV is found at all core level sppectra of all elements in semiconductor. This shift is considered as the re-adjustment of surface Fermi level to the pposition induced by Eu metal (0.2 eV above the valence band maximum).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1597-1599
• /
• 2013

Since renal failure causes decrease in tumor marker excretion, use of these markers in cancer care and treatment in patients with renal insufficiency or hemodialysis is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of serum levels of tumor markers CA15-3, AFP, CA19-9 and CEA in patients with impaired renal function. A total of 100 patients referred to the Tabriz Immam Reza and Amiralmomenin hospital from June 2010 to November 2011 were selected for study. Subjects were divided to 3 groups of healthy, dialysis and renal failure but non hemodialysis cases, the last category being re-grouped based on creatinine clearance. No significant relationship between different groups in serum levels of CEA (P=0.99) and CA19-9 (P=0.29) tumor markers was found. A significant correlation was observed between serum levels of AFP (P<0.001) and CA15-3 (P<0.001) and also a tendency between creatinine clearance and CEA (r=0.05, P=0.625). Creatinine clearance significantly correlated with AFP (P<0.001, r=0.53) and CA15-3 (p=0.00, r=-0.412), but not CA19-9 (P=0.089, r=-0.171). According to results of this study it appears that use of tumor markers in patients with impaired renal function should be performed with special precautions.