• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.90-99
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• 1992

In resent year Laser Speckle and its development have enabled surface deformation of engineering components and materials to be interferometrically examined. Laser Speckle- Pettern Interferometry Method is a very useful method for measuring In-plane components of displacement. In measuring thermal expansion coefficient, the various problems generated were established, and the measuring limitation examined. Metarial INCONEL 601 was used in experiments. Specimen was heated to the high temperature(100$0^{\circ}C$) by diong current to the direct two specimen. Then, those problems appear to the influence of back-ground radiation by the heated specimen, the influence by air turbulence, the oxidation of specimen. The color monitor and interference filter prevented the back-ground radiation by rad heat. The oxidation occuring in specimen itself was not generated by the being acid-proof excellence of material INCONEL 601. Yet, in this experiments, the serious problems are the oxidation of specimen and influence by air turbulence. By more reserching these problems forward, it is helpful that the thermal expansion coefficient of many materials is directly measured under high temperature.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) 확산 방식의 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 통신 시스템은 PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) 저감에 매우 효과적인 시스템이며, 3GPP LTE($3^{rd}$ Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution)의 상향 링크에 SC-FDMA(Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access)에 사용된다. SC-FDMA는 일반적으로 OFDM 시스템보다 위상잡음과 직교 불균형으로 인한 ICI(Inter-Carrier Interference)에서 더 성능 열화가 발생하며, 등화기에 심각한 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 상향 링크에서 신호 전송 시 발생하는 위상잡음과 직교 불균형(IQ Imbalance: In-phase/Quadrature Imbalance), 그리고 전력 증폭기(HPA: High Power Amplifier)의 백-오프 특성에 따른 영향을 분석하고, ICI 성분을 제거할 수 있는 효과적인 등화 알고리듬을 제시한다. 제안된 등화기는 FDE(Frequency Domain Equalizer) 방식을 기반으로 설계하였으며, 기존의 PNS(Phase Noise Suppression) 알고리듬을 FDE에 사용될 수 있도록 수정하고 개선하여 위상 잡음과 직교 불균형으로 인한 ICI를 보상한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 back-off 5.5 dB 상태에서 위상 잡음 $0.06\;rad^2$, 위상 에러 5도, 진폭 에러 0.005인 경우, 위상 잡음과 직교 불균형을 보상하여 SNR=14 dB 정도에서 $BER=10^{-4}$의 성능을 만족할 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2018

The application of rib stiffeners is common on steel connections, with regard to the stiffened angle connection, experimental results about the influence of stiffeners under monotonic and cyclic loading are very limited. Consequently, this paper presents the experimental investigation on four types angle connections with or without stiffener under static loading and another four type stiffened angle connections subjected to cyclic loading. The static experimental result showed that the rib stiffener weld in tension zone of the connection greatly enhanced its initial rotational stiffness and flexural strength. While a stiffener was applied to the compression zone of the connection, it had not obvious influences on the initial rotational stiffness, but increased its flexural strength. The moment-rotation curves, skeleton curves, ductility, energy dissipation and rigidity were evaluated under cyclic loading. Stiffened top-and-seat angle connections behaved as semi-rigid and partial strength, and rotation of all stiffened angle connections exceeded 0.04rad. The failure modes between monotonic and cyclic loading test were completely different and indicated certain robustness.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 1991

광섬유를 사용하여 미소 교류자기장 (200Hz-2kHz) 감지를 위한 광섬유 간섭계 자기센서시스템을 구성하였다. 자왜효과(magnetostriction effect)가 큰 비정질 metallic glass(2605SC)를 광섬유에 부착하여 자기장 감지부를 제작하고 방향성 결합기 metallic glass(2605SC)를 광섬유에 부착하여 자기장 감지부를 제작하고 방향성 결합기(directional coupler)를 사용한 광섬유 일체식(all-fiber type)으로 Mach-Zehnder 간섭계를 구성하여 외부 자기장의 변화를 간섭계의 위상변화로 변환시켜 그 크기를 측정하였다. 온도변화, 진동 등 주위환경에서 오는 불규칙한 신호에 의한 간섭계의 신호소멸(signal fading) 문제는 능동 위상추적방법(active phase tracking method)으로 간섭계의 기준 광통로(reference arm)에 위치한 위상 변조기에 보상신호를 되먹임으로써, 직각조건(quadrature condition)을 이루어 안정시켰다. 측정 결과 metallic glass의 주파수 반응특성은 900Hz-2kHz 대역에서 거의 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 최대 감도를 나타내는 직류 바이어스 자기장은 3.5 Oe 였다. 미소 교류자기장에 대한 간섭계의 출력은 $\pm$0.5 Oe 범위 안에서 좋은 선형성을 보였다. 1 kHz 교류자기장에 대한 scale factor S는 8.0 rad/Oe 이었으며 최소감지자기장은 $3X10^{-6} Oe/\sqrt{Hz}$(1Hz detection bandwidth)이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2002

본 연구실에서 개발된 particle inflow gun (PIG)은 조작이 간편하고, 사용비용도 저렴하며, 식물 세포 내의 유전자 도입효율이 높은 특징을 갖고 있다. PIG 장비를 이용하여 벼 캘러스 내로의 유전자 도입 조건을 검토하기 위해서 사용된 vector는 pIG121Hm으로서 T-DNA 내부에 intron GUS ($\beta$-glucuronidase)와 hygromycin 및 kanamycin 저항성 유전자를 포함하고 있다. 또한 벼 캘러스 내에 물리적으로 DNA를 도입할 때에 DNA 도입 효율과 관계가 높은 요인들을 GUS의 발현빈도를 통하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 gold particle에 DNA를 부착하는 과정에 사용되는 spermidine과 calcium chloride의 경우 무첨가구에 비해 16 mM의 spermidine과 1.5 M의 calcium chloride 첨가구에서 GUS 발현율이 각각 2배, 3배 증가하였다. 그리고 1회 분사되는 gold particles양이 2 mg의 경우 가장 높은 GUS 발현율을 보여주었으며, 또한 PIG장비의 분사거리와 헬륨의 압력은 벼의 배양세포의 경우 12cm의 분사거리에서 3.5 bar (50 psi)의 헬륨압력으로 분사하였을 때 GUS 발현율이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 PIG 장비를 이용한 유전자 도입은 본 연구에서 검토한 최적의 조건을 이용하였을 경우 기존에 많이 사용되고 있는 Biolistic Gun (Bio-Rad 사)과 거의 비슷한 유전자 도입효율을 보여 주었다. 특히 PIG 장비의 경우 조작이 매우 간편하고, 분사에 사용되는 일회용 부품이 필요하지 않기 때문에 대량의 반복실험을 필요로 하는 연구에서 손쉽게 사용되리라 기대된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

Background: Radon contributing about 42% of annual average dose, mainly comes from soil. In this paper, standard measurement procedures for soil radon exhalation rate are suggested and their measurement uncertainties are analyzed. Materials and Methods: We used accumulation method for estimating surface exhalation rate. The closed-loop measurement system was made up with a RAD7 detector and a surface chamber. Radon activity concentrations in the system were observed as a function of time, with data collection of 5 and 15-minute and the measurement time of 4 hours. Linear and exponential fittings were used to obtain radon exhalation rates from observed data. Standard deviations of measurement uncertainties for two approaches were estimated using usual propagation rules. Results and Discussion: The exhalation rates (E) from linear approach, with 30 minutes measurement time were $44.8-48.6mBq{\cdot}m^{-2} {\cdot}s^{-1}$ or $2.14-2.32atom{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ with relative measurement uncertainty of about 10%. The contributions of fitting parameter A, volume (V) and surface (S) to the estimated measurement uncertainty of E were 59.8%, 30.1% and 10.1%, in average respectively. In exponential fitting, at 3-hour measurement we had E ranged of $51.6-69.2mBq{\cdot}m^{-2} {\cdot}s^{-1}$ or $2.46-3.30atom{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ with about 15% relative uncertainty. Fitting with 4-hour measurement resulted E about $51.3-68.2mBq{\cdot}m^{-2} {\cdot}s^{-1}$ or $2.45-3.25atom{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ with 10% relative uncertainty. The uncertainty contributions in exponential approach were 75.1%, 13.4%, 8.7%, and 2.9% for total decay constant k, fitting parameter B, V, and S, respectively. Conclusion: In obtaining exhalation rates, the linear approach is easy to apply, but by saturation feature of radon concentrations, the slope tends to decrease away from the expected slope for extended measurement time. For linear approach, measurement time of 1-hour or less was suggested. For exponential approach, the obtained exhalation rates showed similar values for any measurement time, but measurement time of 3-hour or more was suggested for about 10% relative uncertainty.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2015

복부 전후 방향 검사 시 automatic exposure control (AEC) mode에서 조사시간을 제한하지 않고 검사를 하는 방법 (non-time limit, NTL) 과 조사시간을 제한하고 검사하는 방법 (time limit, TL)에 대해서 영상 품질 평가인 신호 대 잡음비 (signal to noise ratio, SNR), 대조도 대 잡음비 (contrast to ratio, CNR)를 측정하여 TL 방법과 NTL방법을 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 실험 기기는 XGEO GC 80 (Samsung, Korea), Unfors ThinX RAD (Unfors, Sweden), Rando Phantom (alderson research laboratories, USA)과 $5.5{\times}9{\times}0.1cm^3$ 크기의 차폐재를 사용하였으며, AEC mode에서 전리함 (ionization chamber)를 상단 2 개만 작동하도록 설정하고 관전압은 80 kVp로 설정하였다. TL 방법의 경우에는 조사시간을 51 msec로 제한하였으며, 전리함에 차폐재를 부착하지 않은 상태와 부착한 상태에서 NTL AEC mode와 TL AEC mode의 영상을 획득하였다. 또한 'Image J"를 이용하여 영상 평가방법인 SNR과 CNR로 평가하였다. 결론적으로 차폐재를 부착했을 때 NTL AEC mode가 다른 실험 방법보다 선량이 최대 130.7% 최소 80%까지 증가한 결과 값을 보였으며, TL AEC mode는 NTL AEC mode보다 mAs와 피폭선량에서 각 각 43.8%, 44.4% 감소한 값을 보였다. 통계적으로는 SNR과 CNR은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다($p{\geq}0.05$). 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 BMI 지수가 높은 환자나 수술 후 인체 내에 금속물질이 있는 환자를 검사할 경우에는 TL AEC mode가 유효한 검사법이라고 사료된다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-97
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• 2005

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) have received considerable attention since they were first reported by Tang. Novel organic fluorescent materials have been reported on synthesis and application of new organic light-emitting materials. Despite of much recent progress, fabrication of full-color OLEDs still remained to be done. Many method have been proposed to full-color OLEDs displays such as using separated red, green and blue emitters, stacking separate rad, green and blue emitter, using a white emitter with individually pattered color filters, microcavity structures and using a blue emitter with individually patterned fluorescent materials. The last method has much attention because of easy fabrication of OLEDs and low-priced fabrication. This paper reports the optical and electrical characteristics of OLEDs using novel molecules containing biphenyl structure. Optical properties of biphenyl derivatives doped with poly(9-vinyl carbazole)(PVK) are measured and found Forster energy transfer process in the blends. And devices were fabricated as ITO/PEDOT/PVK doped with biphenyl derivatives/$Alq_3$/Li:Al and I-V-L characteristics and EL efficiency of devices were examined.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2015

In this study, the flow characteristics at the ventilation holes was analyzed by using numerical method when carbon composite brake disk was rotated at a constant speed. In order to ensure the validity of the analysis results, grid dependency test was performed by considering the accuracy and appropriateness, and 4mm mesh size was selected for decrease of the maximum error rate 63.6%. As a result, the outside air flows in the clearance between the disk and shaft in case of B model. whereas, the outside air flows in the clearance or the outlet of the ventilation holes in case of A and C models. And also average static pressure at the outlet was changed depending on shape of the ventilation holes and rotational speed of the disk in case of A and C models. Besides, in the B model, intake air according to the clearance goes with side surface of ventilation hole, and so increased by mean velocity of 4.64m/s and mean pressure of 0.58pa in the ventilation hole outlet, in case of disk rotational speed of 146.21rad/s.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2005

The authors submit the data concerning the methods of obtaining semiconductor scintillators on the basis of the zinc chalcogenide crystal doped with impurities (Te, Cd, O, $Me^{III}-metals$ Al, In, etc.). Characteristics of such crystals and mechanisms for the semiconductor scintillator luminescence are described as well. The scintillator luminescence spectra maximums are located within the range 450-640nm, which depends on the method of preparing the scintillator. The luminescence decay time ranges within $0.5-10{\mu}s\;and\;30-150{\mu}s$. The afterglow level is less than 0.01% after $10-20{\mu}s$, and the radiation stability is ${\geq}5{\cdot}10^8$ rad. Thermostability of the output characteristics of new semiconductor scintillators on the basis of zinc selenide is prescribed by thermodynamic stability of the principal associative radiative recombination centers that come into existence due to the crystal lattice inherent imperfections. Certain application fields of the new scintillators are examined taking into account their particular qualities.