• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.56-56
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• 2002

Muscle contraction and relaxation are regulated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-mediated $Ca^{2＋}$ release and $Ca^{2＋}$ uptake. The SR functions are closely related with the proteins residing in the SR such as ryanodine receptor, $Ca^{2＋}$-ATpase, calsequestrin, triadin and junctin. In an effort to further identify important functional SR proteins, experiments of sucrose-density gradient of SR fractionation, concanavalin A treatment, 2D gel electrophoresis, $^{45}$ Ca$^{2+}$ overlay, Strains-all staining, and peptide finger printing (PFP) were carried out.(omitted)d)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate changes in dual-task performance according to age and difficulty of cognitive tasks for the in community-dwelling elderly populations, as well as to examine their changes in hand dexterity according to age and cognitive function. Methods: A total of 135 people aged 65 years old and over participated in the study. To evaluate each participant's dual-task performance, each participant completed a dual task. To assess their cognitive function, the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and the Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) were the tools used. Participants were divided into three groups based on their age: 65-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80-89 years. Results: The findings showed that age groups and the difficulty of the cognitive task significantly affected the amount of time required for dual-task performance (p<.001). Additionally, the dual-task correct response rate (CRR) decreased significantly with age groups and the difficulty of the cognitive task (p<.001). The amount of time required for finger dexterity performance increased significantly with age groups (mean score±standard deviation [SD]; 19.46±2.26 in subjects aged 65-69 years; 21.92±2.61 in subjects aged 70-79 years; and 23.82±2.92 in subjects aged 80-89 years; p<.001). Moreover, as a result of the correlation between hand dexterity and cognitive function, MoCA-K was -0.563 and MMSE-K was -.412, showing a statistically significant correlation (p<.001). Conclusions: Age and the difficulty of the cognitive task affect the community-dwelling elderly populations in terms of dual-task performance and dual-task CRR. In addition, aging and general cognition have an impact on hand dexterity. Based on the results of this study, it is anticipated that the results will serve as a reference for domestic clinical trials that confirm cognitive decline in the elderly using dual task and hand dexterity evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.85-90
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of individual board game program (IBGP) on cognitive function and depression level in 7 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment(MCI). We used the mini-mental state examination korean version (MMSE-K), montreal cognitive assessment korean version (MoCA-K), and korean form of geriatric depression scale(KGDS). The results showed significant differences in MMSE-K before, after, and follow-up(p<0.05), and there were differences of orientation for time, place, and object and attention in before, after, and follow-up(p<0.05). MoCA-K showed differences in before, after, and follow-up assessments(p<0.01), and showed differences in visual construction skill, orientation, and short-term memory(p<0.05). Finally, there was a difference in depression level before, after, and follow-up of KGDS(p<0.01). Therefore, IBGP for the elderly can help improve the cognitive function, and based on this, it is expected that an advanced IBGP will be applied to improve orientation for time and place in the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.758-764
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Occupation based Reminiscence therapy on cognitive function, depression, and quality of life in elderly patients with mild dementia. Thirty-one elderly patients with mild dementia underwent Occupation based Reminiscence therapy for 40 minutes per session, once weekly, for 8 weeks. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Korean Version (MoCA-K), Short Form of Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean Version (SGDS-K), and Geriatric Quality of Life-Dementia (GQOL-D) were used to measure cognitive function, depression level, and quality of life, respectively. Mean MoCA-K score increased from $14.62{\pm}5.07$ before intervention to $16.88{\pm}4.55$ after intervention; mean SGDS-K score decreased from $7.28{\pm}4.28$ to $6.10{\pm}4.09$, and mean GQOL-D score increased from $26.05{\pm}5.45$ to $28.55{\pm}5.74$. Furthermore, these positive changes were all statistically significant. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded Occupation based Reminiscence therapy may positively affect cognitive function, depression, and quality of life in elderly patients with mild dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 1998

The vacuum-Bridgman equipment for large size diameter (4 inch more over) crystal growth was organized simply and the $CaF_2$ single crystal which was grown in the conditions of growth rate of 2mm/hr, freezing temperature gradient of $12^{\circ}C$/cm, have analyzed to keep excellent properties. Using Mo thermal reflector of umbrella shape, it could be eliminated the formation of polycrystalline. The preferential growth direction was (111) and the calculated lattice parameter was $5.460 \AA$ by XRD peaks. The secondary phases, also, was not formed by means of powder-XRD analysis. The value of EPD is $1.4{\times}10^4 \textrm{cm}^{-2}$ and the optical quality, which is the transmittance is 91% up in UV region, is suitable for optical components of UV applications.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.237-243
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• 2001

Skeletal muscle cells are activated by ${\alpha}$-motorneurons which release acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This results in a local depolarization of surface membrane which triggers an action potential. The action potential propagates along the surface membrane and also into the T-tubule system. In the triads T-tubules are in close connection with the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR). The action potential activaies T-tubule voltage sensors(DHP receptors). which activates SR Ca$^{2+}$ release channels(ryanodinc receptors). Ca$^{2+}$ have a key role in skeletal muscle in that an increase of free myoplasmic Ca$^{2+}$ concentration. The process of coupling chemical and electrical signals at the cell surface to the intracellular release of Ca$^{2+}$and ultimate contraction of muscle fibers is termed excitation-contraction coupling(ECC). Coupling of cel1 surface signals to intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ release proceeds by several mechanisms in skeletal muscle cells. This review focus on sarcopiasmic reticulum(SR) Ca$^{2+}$ releasing mechanisms from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the skeletal muscle. The mechanisms include DCCR, CICR, and HCR.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2009

The optimized structures and vibrational frequencies for $Ca^+-(CO)_n$ and $Ca^+-(CO_2)_n$ (n=1,2) complexes were calculated with MP2 and B3LYP methods employing 6-311++G(2d,p) basis sets. Also the binding energies were investigated for all complexes to compare the stabilities. For $Ca^+-(CO)_n$ C-bonded complexes are more stable than O-bonded complexes. Two stable conformations, linear and $C_{2v}$ form, are possible for $Ca^+-(CO)_2$ complexes and the $C_{2v}$ form is more stable than the linear form. $Ca^+-(CO_2)_2$ also has two possible conformations and linear form has slightly lower energy than $C_{2v}$ form.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.295-299
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• 1999

The (S $r_{1-x}$C $a_{x}$)Ti $O_3$(SCT) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode(Pt/TiN/ $SiO_2$/ Si) using RF sputtering method with substitutional contents of Ca. The maximum grain of thin films is obtained by substitution of Ca at 15[mol%]. The dielectric constant was increased with increasing the substitutional contents of Ca, while it was decreased if the substitutional contents of Ca exceeded over 15[mo1%]. The dielectric constant changes almost linearly in temperature ranges of -80~ +90[$^{\circ}C$]. The temperature properties of the dielectric loss have a stable value within 0.02 independent of the substitutional contents of Ca. All SCT thin films used in this study show the phenomena of dielectric relaxation with the increase of frequency, and the relaxation frequency is observed above 200(kHz).)..

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

Ten trace elements (Mg, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Cd) were determined in seven traditionally used wild medicinal plants of the Nagas in the North-East India viz Cynoglossum furcatum Wallich, Elsholtzia blanda Bentham, Lycopodium cernuum Linnaeus, Potentilla fulgens Wallich ex Hooker, Swertia macrosperma C.B. Clarke, Thalictrum foliolosum DC and Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Plant samples were dried, weighed, digested and analyzed for their mineral distribution level ranging from trace to major elements by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy. All the medicinal herbs studied were found to contain the ten elements analyzed. The elemental concentration is given in mg/kg. Mg and Ca are present in high concentrations in both the roots and leaves of the plant samples. Among trace transition metals Fe had the highest concentration, followed by Mn, Cr, Cu, V, Zn, and Mo. Analysis showed that the toxic Cd element was at a lower concentration and is within the permissible limit of FAO/WHO, California standards and United States Pharmacopeia Limit for Nutritional Supplements.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.245-258
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• 1992

The variations of certain major and trace elements of the Onjong granite mass was studied on the basis of petrological and geochemical characteristics and compared with those of the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses in order to investigate the geochemical differences of the granitic rocks in relation to mineralization between Pb-Zn ore district and Pb-Zn-Mo-W ore district in Kyeongsang basin. The Onjong granite mass is classified into granodiorite and monzo-granite, and the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses into monzo-granite by the Streckeisen's diagram. Between both granite masses there are clear differences in contents of certain major elements and lithophile trace elements. The former have high contents of Ca (2.94%), Mg (1.66%) and Sr (365 ppm), and low contents of K (3.52%), Na (3.51%), Rb (116 ppm), Ba (640 ppm) and Li (18.9 ppm), whereas the latter have high contents of K (4.02%), Na (4.28%), Rb (145 ppm), Ba (695 ppm) and Li (19.3 ppm), and low contents of Ca (1.42%), Mg (0.43%) and Sr (161 ppm). Except for Mo, there are not clear differences in chalcophile trace elements between two granite masses: the Onjong granite mass has higher Mo content (7.1 ppm) lnan that (1.7 ppm) of the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses, but Pb and Zn contents are similar between the Onjong granite mass (Pb=8.7 ppm, Zn=37.1 ppm) and the Eonyang-Yucheon granite masses (Pb=7.8 ppm, Zn=39.8 ppm). Ca and Sr contents of the Onjong granite mass (Ca> 1.5%, Sr> 270 ppm) are higher than those of the Eonyang- Yucheon granite masses (Ca<1.5%, Sr<270ppm), and Rb/Sr, Rb-Rb/Sr and K-Rb/Sr ratios are clearly distinguishable between the Onjong granite mass(Rb/Sr<0.51, Rb-Rb/Sr>250 and K-Rb/Sr>5.2) and the Eonyang- Yucheon granite masses (Rb/Sr>0.51, Rb-Rb/Sr<250 and K-Rb/Sr<5.0). Thus, variations of certain major and trace elements and ratios are applicable as geochemical index to distinguish the types of mineralization of the ore districts related to the Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Kyeongsang basin.