• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.459-467
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• 2012

In this paper, a grid connected microgrid with multiple inverter-based distributed generators (DGs) is considered. DG in FFC mode regulates the microgrid as a controllable load from the utility point of view as long as its output is within the capacity limit. The transition mode causes a change in frequency of microgrid due to the loss of power transferred between main grid and microgrid. Frequency deviation from the nominal value can exceed the limit if the loss of power is large enough. This paper presents a coordinated control method for inverter-based DGs so that the microgrid is always regulated as a constant load from the utility viewpoint during grid connected mode, and the frequency deviation in the transition mode is minimized. DGs can share the load by changing their control modes between UPC and FFC and stabilize microgrid during transition.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-82
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• 2011

In this study, an output-only modal identification approach is proposed for decentralized wireless sensor nodes used for linear structural systems. The following approaches are implemented to achieve the objective. Firstly, an output-only modal identification method is selected for decentralized wireless sensor networks. Secondly, the effect of time-unsynchronization is assessed with respect to the accuracy of modal identification analysis. Time-unsynchronized signals are analytically examined to quantify uncertainties and their corresponding errors in modal identification results. Thirdly, a modified approach using complex mode shapes is proposed to reduce the unsynchronization-induced errors in modal identification. In the new way, complex mode shapes are extracted from unsynchronized signals to deal both with modal amplitudes and with phase angles. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach is evaluated from numerical and experimental tests by comparing with the performance of existing approach using real mode shapes.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.869-875
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• 2012

Because of the nature of wind, the output power of wind turbines fluctuates according to wind speed variation. Therefore, many countries have set up wind-turbine interconnection standards usually named as Grid-Code to regulate the output power of wind farms to improve power system reliability and power quality. This paper proposes three operation modes of wind farms such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, single wind turbine control mode and wind farm control mode to control the output power of wind turbines as well as overall wind farms. This paper also proposes an operation scheme of wind farm to alleviate power fluctuation of wind farm by choosing the appropriate control mode and coordinating multiple wind turbines in consideration of grid conditions. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified via simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine models.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.11a
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• pp.242-244
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• 1987

Using the energy trapping theory and the acoustic coupling theory. the Bandpass filter(center frequency = 10.7 MHz) of the fundamental thickness mode was made from the composition of $Pb_{0.96}Sr_{0.04}(Zr_{0.53}Ti_{0.47})O_3$+ 1wt% $Fe_2O_3$. Also, in the double mode monolithic filter, It was observed that as decreasing the size of the electrodes, or shortening the gap between two electrodes, the percent frequency separation was increased. Based on these. a 10.7 MHz uniwafer filter was made having the characteristics that bandwidth was 700 KHz and the percent frequency separation was 6 [dB] and selectivity was 29 [dB], end spurious response was 24 [dB] and insertion loss was 7 [dB].

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2017

$PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were collected at the Gosan Site on Jeju Island from 2013 to 2015, and their ionic and elemental species were analyzed to examine the variations in their chemical compositional characteristics related to different meteorological conditions. Concentrations of nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ were respectively 6.5 and 4.7 times higher in the fine particle mode ($PM_{2.5}$) compared to the coarse particle mode ($PM_{10-2.5}$), however $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations were 2.4 times higher in the coarse mode compared to the fine particle mode. During Asian dust days, the concentrations of nss-$Ca^{2+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ increased to 8.2 and 5.0 times higher in $PM_{10}$, and 3.5 and 6.0 times higher in $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. During haze days, the concentrations of secondary pollutants increased by 3.1-4.7 and 3.2-7.9 in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, respectively, and they were, respectively, 1.2-2.1 and 0.9-2.1 times higher on mist days. The aerosols were acidified largely by sulfuric and nitric acids, and neutralized mainly by ammonia in the fine particle mode during the haze days, but neutralized by calcium carbonate in coarse particle mode during the Asian dust days. Clustered back trajectory analysis showed that concentrations of nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ were relatively high when air masses travelled from China.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.593-598
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• 2003

In this paper, 3rd overtone mode energy-trapped filter using modified PbTiO$_3$ system ceramics was manufactured to apply for intermediate frequency(IF) SMD type fillet with splitted electrode and gap size. To investigate the effects of splitted electrode and gap size on filter characteristics of 3rd overtone mode energy-trapped filter, ceramic wafers were fabricated by etching splitted rectangular electrode size(b$\times$d) of b=0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1mm, d=0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6mm and gap size(c) c=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6mm, respectively. And then, SMD type ceramic filter were fabricated with the size of 3.7$\times$3.1$\textrm{mm}^2$. SMD type ceramic filter with the size of b=0.8mm, d=0.4mm and gap(c)=0.4mm, which showed insertion loss of 2.951dB, 3dB bandwidth of 54.7kHz and 20dB stop bandwidth of 129.27kHz, was suitable for IF bandpass filter application.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.327-332
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• 2020

Laser induced surface activation (LISA) technology requires refined selection of process variables to fabricate conductive microcircuits on a general polymer material. Among the process variables, laser mode is one of the crucial factors to make a reliable conductor pattern. Here we compare the continuous wave (CW) laser mode with the pulse wave (PW) laser mode through determination of the surface roughness and circuit accuracy. In the CW laser mode, the surface roughness is pronounced during the implementation of the conductive circuit, which results in uneven plating. In the PW laser mode, the surface is relatively smooth and uniform, and the formed conductive circuit layer has few defects with excellent adhesion to the polymer material. As a result of a change of laser mode from CW to PW, the value of Ra of the polymer material decreases from 0.6 ㎛ to 0.2 ㎛; the value of Ra after the plating process decreases from 0.8 ㎛ to 0.4 ㎛, and a tight bonding force between the polymer source material and the conductive copper plating layer is achieved. In conclusion, this study shows that the PW laser process yields an excellent conductive circuit on a polymeric material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.342-343
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• 2012

We studied the Drain-Induced-Barrier-Lowering (DIBL) effect by different drain engineering. One other drain engineering is symmetric source-drain n-channel MOSFETs (SSD NMOSs), the other drain engineering is asymmetric source-drain n-channel MOSFETs (ASD NMOSs). Devices were fabricated using state of art 40 nm dynamic-random-access-memory (DRAM) technology. These devices have different modes which are deep drain junction mode in SSD NMOSs and shallow drain junction mode in ASD NMOSs. The shallow drain junction mode means that drain is only Lightly-Doped-Drain (LDD). The deep drain junction mode means that drain have same process with source. The threshold voltage gap between low drain voltage ($V_D$=0.05V) and high drain voltage ($V_D$=3V) is 0.088V in shallow drain junction mode and 0.615V in deep drain junction mode at $0.16{\mu}m$ of gate length. The DIBL coefficients are 26.5 mV/V in shallow drain junction mode and 205.7 mV/V in deep drain junction mode. These experimental results present that DIBL effect is higher in deep drain junction mode than shallow drain junction mode. These results are caused that ASD NMOSs have low drain doping level and low lateral electric field.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.408-427
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• 2011

Intensive computational complexity is an obstacle of enabling multiview video coding for real-time applications. In this paper, we present a fast macroblock (MB) mode selection algorithm for B frames which are based on the computational complexity analyses between the MB mode selection and reference frame selection. Three strategies are proposed to reduce the coding complexity jointly. First, the temporal correlation of MB modes between current MB and its temporal corresponding MBs is utilized to reduce computational complexity in determining the optimal MB mode. Secondly, Lagrangian cost of SKIP mode is compared with that of Inter $16{\times}16$ modes to early terminate the mode selection process. Thirdly, reference frame correlation among different Inter modes is exploited to reduce the number of reference frames. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can promote the encoding speed by 3.71~7.22 times with 0.08dB PSNR degradation and 2.03% bitrate increase on average compared with the joint multiview video model.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

We have demonstrated the selection and the amplification of the components of an optical frequency comb using femto-second laser injection-locking technique. We used a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser as a master laser and a single-mode diode laser as a slave laser. After passing through the interference filter with the center wavelength 794.7 nm and the transmittance bandwidth 1.5 nm, the optical frequency comb by mode-locked femto-second laser was injected into the slave laser. The injection-locked slave laser had $3{\sim}4$ multi-mode with the mode spacing 100.5 MHz, whichcorrespond to the repetition rate of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. The power of the modes selected by femto-second laser injection-locking technique was amplified to several thousands times