• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2013

In the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ${\alpha}$-amylase (BAA), the loop (residues 176-185; region I) that is the part of the calcium-binding site (CaI, II) has two more amino acid residues than the ${\alpha}$-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis (BLA). Arg176 in this region makes an ionic interaction with Glu126 from region II (residues 118-130), but this interaction is lost in BLA owing to substitution of R176Q and E126V. The goal of the present work was to quantitatively estimate the effect of ionic interaction on the overall stability of the enzyme. To clarify the functional and structural significance of the corresponding salt bridge, Glu126 was deleted (${\Delta}$E126) and converted to Val (E126V), Asp (E126D), and Lys (E126K) by site-directed mutagenesis. Kinetic constants, thermodynamic parameters, and structural changes were examined for the wild-type and mutated forms using UV-visible, atomic absoption, and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Wild-type exhibited higher $k_{cat}$ and $K_m$ but lower catalytic efficiency than the mutant enzymes. A decreased thermostability and an increased flexibility were also found in all of the mutant enzymes when compared with the wild-type. Additionally, the calcium content of the wild-type was more than ${\Delta}E126$. Thus, it may be suggested that ionic interaction could decrease the mobility of the discussed region, prevent the diffusion of cations, and improve the thermostability of the whole enzyme. Based on these observations, the contribution of loop destabilization may be compensated by the formation of a salt bridge that has been used as an evolutionary mechanism or structural adaptation by the mesophilic enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.138-147
• /
• 1998

Authors surveyed intrafamilial child sexual abuse in the children under 15years old in clinical. We sent the semi-structured child sexual abuse questionnaires to 7055 board certified pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine and emergency medicine. Total respondents were 1205. The results from these respondents were as follows. 1) The numbers of respondents who have had the experience of treating victims of intrafamilial child sexual abuses were 157(13.0% of total respondents). 2) Among the perpetrators, 58(36.9%) were siblings and 32(20.4%) 26(16.6%) were step-fathers, and respectively. The most common age bracket was 10s(39.5%), and the next was 40s and 50s (33.7%) Almost all(98.7%) of the perpetrators were male. 3) The mean age of victims was $12.1{\pm}3.3$ years old, and all of the victims were female, and the number of victims who had previous mental or physical handicaps and behavior problems were 5(3.2%) and 8(5.1%) respectively. 4) The ways by which intrafamilial child sexual abuses were found were abnormal behaviors 45(28.7%), victim's own report 40(25.5%), pregnancy 18(11.5%), pain complaint 13(8.3%), other person's report 13(8.3%), and detection during examination 12(7.6%). 5) Time lags between intrafamilial child sexual abuses and hospital visits were after 1 month 97(61.8%), from 1 day to 1 week 29(18.5%), within 1 day 21(13.4%), and from 1 week to 1 month 10(6.4%). 6) Physical complications were perineal wound 93(59.2%), hymen rupture 90(57.3%), pregnancy 68(43.3%), wound of other part of body 11(7.0%), and sexually transmitted disease 4(4.5%). 7) Treatment for victims were discharge 92(58.6%), admission, operation or transfer to a bigger hospital 25(15.9%), psychiatry consult 19(12.1%), report to police(10.9%) and social work consult 3(1.9%). These results suggest that considerable numbers of physicians have had the experience of treating victims of intrafamilial child sexual abuses, and intrafamilial child sexual abuses are the major medical as well as social issue in children in Korea.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1205-1220
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to verify the change of body posture by putting on the late $19^{th}$ century English women's bodice or waistcoat. This study analyzed the female somatotype which puts on upper garments of Victorian era with using 3D body scan technology. Two sets of $19^{th}$ century women's bodice and waistcoat patterns were developed with the $19^{th}$ century model size and those patterns were used for making the experimental garments. The fit of experimental garments was evaluated by the degree of change with posture and waist measurements. Three women with the same waist girth measurements with the model size were participated to the fitting test. The postural change was measured from cross-sectional body diagrams. The result of this study showed that the waist measurement of the late $19^{th}$ century English women's bodice and waistcoat pattern was smaller than the waist girth measurement. These garments compressed the midriff of the body and it made women's distinct body silhouette. The waist girth measurement of 1876 bodice pattern was 9.2cm smaller than presented model size. The subjects' waist girth measurements were shortened by 5.0~6.1cm after wearing the 1876 bodice garment. The waist girth measurement of 1880 waistcoat pattern was 7.1cm smaller than presented model size. The subjects' waist girth measurements were shortened by 2.7~3.7cm after wearing the 1880 waistcoat garment. The back side parts of their waist were compressed and their postures were changed. The neck and shoulders were moved forward after wearing the experimental garments. These results showed that body posture could be changed to "S" shape silhouette as wearing the late $19^{th}$ century English women's bodice or waistcoat.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.1205-1214
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and to test the effects of an educational program for coping with problem situations as a nursing intervention in the diabetic patient. Method: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected from January to March, 2002. The subjects of the study consisted of 31 diabetic patients(experimental group : 17 patients, control group : 14 patients). The intervention of an educational program for coping with problem situations was applied to the experimental group for 4weeks(total 8 hours). Data were collected before the educational program, immediately after and 1 months later and were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, t-test, and paired t-test. Result: 1. There was a significant difference in self efficacy between the experimental and control groups (F=13.793, p=0.001). 2. There was a significant difference in self care behavior between the experimental and control groups (F=4.583, p=0.041). 3. There was a significant difference in coping behavior of the problem situation between the experimental and control groups (F=62.018, p=0.000). There was a significant difference according to experimental stages(F=4.546, p=0.015) and interaction between education and experimental stages(F=12.039, p=0.000). 4. There was a significant difference in glycemic control between the experimental and control groups (t=-3.112, p=0.004). Conclusion: These results support that a diabetic educational program for coping with problem situations is effective in promoting and maintaining self efficacy, self care behavior, problem coping behaviors and in improving glycemic control. Thus this program can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention of in-depth education for diabetic patient.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.310-318
• /
• 2012

We conducted a screening and checked the cultivation methods of lactic acid bacteria, which have anti-atopic dermatitis functions, by determining the lactic acid bacteria's immune enhancement by FACS, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The increase of Tcell CD4+/CD25+/foxp3+ was bigger in Lactobacillus plantarum than Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (Lc. lactis) and the antimicrobacterial activity against S. aureus was the opposite. The antimicrobial activity of Lb. plantarum culture with medium containing Lc. lactis culture broth was not enhanced, but the antimicrobial activity of Lc. lactis cultured in a medium containing Lb. plantarum culture broth was enhanced. As the optimal method caltivation of Lc. lactis in a medium containing 10% of heat-killed Lb. plantarum culture broth was chosen. By this method, the antibacterial activity of the pure Lc. lactis culture increased sharply at the end of the log phase, while a restraint effect on the growth of S. aureus increased 1.29 times.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.9
• /
• pp.1205-1210
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Ligustrum ovalifolium H. (LOH) leaf extracts on RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of LOH extracts by measuring nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible NOS (iNOS) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by Western blotting. LOH ethanolic extracts (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/mL) significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated production of NO. The intracellular ROS level also significantly decreased. LOH ethanolic extracts reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. The present results show that LOH ethanol extract has potent anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. These results also suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of LOH extracts may be related to the inhibition of LPS-stimulated ROS and NO production. Therefore, ethanolic extracts of LOH leaves may be utilized as a good source of functional foods for protection against inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 1998

The authors surveyed extrafamilial sexual abuse in the children under 15years old by the physician's reports. We sent the semi-structured child sexual abuse questionnaires to 7055 board certified pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine and emergency medicine. Total respondents were 1205. The results from these respondents were as followings. 1) The number of respondents who have had the experience of treating victims of extraf/amilial child sexual abuse were 641(53.2% of total respondents). 2) 338(52.7%) of the perpetrators were known persons and 277(43.2%) were strangers, the most common age bracket were 20s, 30s and 10s, and almost all(99.8%) of the perpetrators were male. 3) The mean age of victims was $9.7{\pm}3.5$ years old, and almost all(98.6%) of the victims were female. 4) The ways by which extrafamilial child sexual abuses were found were victim’s own reports：273(62.6%), pain complaint, 156(24.3%) and abnormal behavior 96(15.0%), other person’s report 72(11.2%), detection during examination 19(3.0%), and pregnancy 4(0.6%). 5) Time lags between extrafamilial child sexual abuses and hospital visits were within 24 hours 332 (51.8%) and from 1 day to 1 week 232(36.2%), victims were rather quickly 6) Physical complications were perineal wound 571(89.1%), hymen rupture 349(54.4%), wound of other part of body 124(19.3%), pregnancy 37(5.8%), and sexually transmitted disease 18(2.8%), and other serious complications such as vaginal-rectal lacerations 8, intastinal bleeding 7, death 2, hypotensive shock 1. These results suggest considerable numbers of physicians have had the experience of treating victims of extrafamilial child sexual abuses, and extrafamilial child sexual abuses are the major medical as well as social issue in children in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.9
• /
• pp.1205-1212
• /
• 2010

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of replacing 70% of the protein from fish meal by protein from ensiled or dry cassava leaves and sweet potato vines on the performance and carcass characters of growing F1 (Large White${\times}$Mong Cai) pigs in Central Vietnam. Twenty-five crossbred pigs (Large White${\times}$Mong Cai) with an initial weight of 19.7 kg (SD = 0.84) were allocated randomly to five treatment groups with 5 animals per group (3 males and 2 females). Pigs were kept individually in pens ($2.0{\times}0.8\;m$) and fed one of five diets over 90 days. The control diet was formulated with fish meal (FM) as the protein source while the other four diets were formulated by replacing 70% of fish meal protein by protein from ensiled cassava leaves (ECL), dry cassava leaves (DCL), dry sweet potato vines (DSPV) or ensiled sweet potato vines (ESPV). Animals were fed their diets at 4% of BW. Results showed that final BW, ADG, DMI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the experimental treatments were not significantly different (p>0.05). ECL or DCL and ESPV reduced feed cost per unit gain by 8-17.5% compared to the fish meal diet. There were no significant differences in carcass characters among the diets (p>0.05). Lean meat percentages and protein deposition ranged 41.5-45.8% and 40.2-52.9 g/d, respectively. Using ensiled or dry cassava leaves and sweet potato vine can replace at least 70% of the protein from fish meal (or 35% of total diet CP) without significant effects on performance and carcass traits of growing (20-65 kg) pigs. Including cassava leaves and sweet potato vines could improve feed cost and therefore has economic benefits.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2000

The field of maxillofacial prosthetics is concerned with the prosthetic reconstruction of missing head and neck tissue. Currently, facial prostheses are usually applied in cases of defects caused by the surgical removal of tumors or congenital defects. While silicone has been most widely used for the reconstruction of missing maxillofacial defects, it does not have ideal physical properties. Therefore, bonding a thin polyurethane sheet to silicone prostheses was recommended. In this case skin adhesives were used for the retention of maxillofacial prostheses. But retention of devices has always been problematic. The contributions of implants can be made to solve these problems. Implants have reduced the need for adhesive use, simplifying cleaning procedures and thus extending the life of the prostheses. For implant-retained prostheses, retentive matrix is necessary to hold attachments and/or magnets. The retentive matrix is usually fabricated with autopolymerizing acrylic resin or visible light- polymerized resin. The purpose of this study was to compare the adhesion-in-peel force of silicone adhesive to autopolymerizing acrylic resin and polyurethane sheet with two different surface textures : pumice polish only or retention groove, and three surface primers : Dow corning 1205 primer or Dow corning S-2260 primer or FactorII A-304 primer, and two polymerization methods : room temperature or dry heat oven. The t-peel bond strength of specimens was determined as described in ASTM Standard D1876-72. The results were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test, multiple range test and t-test The results were as follows. 1. The t-peel bond strength of A-304 primer was the highest and statistically higher than that of S-2260(p<0.05). 2. The t-peel bond strength of specimens with retention groove was statistically higher than that of specimens polished with pumice(p<0.05). 3. The t-peel bond strength of specimens polymerized in dry heat oven was statistically higher than that of specimens in room temperature(p<0.01).

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.327-346
• /
• 2001

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit liegt darin, den Bestand der wissenschaftlichen Web-Publikationen in der deutschen Linguistik darzustellen. Das Internet bietet heute $f\"{u}r$ die Forschung bereits zwei der wichtigsten produktiven $M\"{o}glichkeiten;n\"{a}mlich$ Information und Kommunikation. Akademische Kreise haben diverse Homepages entwickelt. Der schnelle Zugang zu aktuellen bibliographischen Daten und Forschungsergebnissen hat $f\"{u}r$ koreanische Germanisten einen besonders hohen Stellenwert. Wissenschaftliches Publizieren in Form von Fachzeitschriften ist ein gutes Modell $daf\"{u}r$. Fachzeitschriften erscheinen weltweit und relativ schnell, erreichen aber nur geringe Auflagen. Der Leserkreis ist fast identisch mit der Gruppe der potentiellen Autoren und Herausgeber. Ein Vorteil des elektronischen Publizierens ist die M\"{o}glichkeit$ multimeiale Dokumente und $weiterf\"{u}hrende$ Hyperlinks zu integrieren. Aber die $Qualit\"{a}t\;der\;Aufs\"{a}tze$ kann man kaum objektiv ermitteln und nur schwer beurteilen. Elektronische Zeitschriften $k\"{o}nnen$ sich in der Wissenschaft nur dann etablieren, wenn es gelingt, als wissenschaftliche Arbeiten von den wissenschaftlichen Kreisen oder von der Univerwaltung anerkannt zu werden. Folgende on-line wissenschaftliche Fachzeitschriften werden hier dargestellt; Linguistik online(ISSN 1615-3014), The Web Journal of Modern Language Linguistics(ISSN 1461-4499), PhiN(ISSN 1433-7177), Zeitschrift $f\"{u}r$ interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht(ISSN: 1205-6545), und Language Learning & Technology(ISSN 1094-3501). 1)http://viadrina.euv-frankfurt-o.de/$\~wjoumal/deutsch/$ 2)http://wjmll.ncl.ac.uk/ 3)http://www.fu-berlin.de/phin/ 4)http://www.ualberta.ca/$\~german/ejoumal/$ 5)http://llt.msu.edu/ In der folgenden Homepage kann man auch eine Quellensammlung zu 'Dissertationen Online' finden. 6) http://www.educat.hu-berlin.de/$diss\_online/biblio.html$ Eine individuelle und institutionelle Offenheit und eine $n\"{u}chteme$ Anwendung der Materialien sind bei der Herstellung und Nutzung von Forschungsergebnissen erforderlich.