• Title/Summary/Keyword: K means clustering

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Application of Deep Learning: A Review for Firefighting

  • Shaikh, Muhammad Khalid
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2022
  • The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of Deep Learning in the literature on Fire & Rescue Service. It is found that deep learning techniques are only beginning to benefit the firefighters. The popular areas where deep learning techniques are making an impact are situational awareness, decision making, mental stress, injuries, well-being of the firefighter such as his sudden fall, inability to move and breathlessness, path planning by the firefighters while getting to an fire scene, wayfinding, tracking firefighters, firefighter physical fitness, employment, prediction of firefighter intervention, firefighter operations such as object recognition in smoky areas, firefighter efficacy, smart firefighting using edge computing, firefighting in teams, and firefighter clothing and safety. The techniques that were found applied in firefighting were Deep learning, Traditional K-Means clustering with engineered time and frequency domain features, Convolutional autoencoders, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Deep Neural Networks, Simulation, VR, ANN, Deep Q Learning, Deep learning based on conditional generative adversarial networks, Decision Trees, Kalman Filters, Computational models, Partial Least Squares, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Edge computing, C5 Decision Tree, Restricted Boltzmann Machine, Reinforcement Learning, and Recurrent LSTM. The literature review is centered on Firefighters/firemen not involved in wildland fires. The focus was also not on the fire itself. It must also be noted that several deep learning techniques such as CNN were mostly used in fire behavior, fire imaging and identification as well. Those papers that deal with fire behavior were also not part of this literature review.

A new structural reliability analysis method based on PC-Kriging and adaptive sampling region

  • Yu, Zhenliang;Sun, Zhili;Guo, Fanyi;Cao, Runan;Wang, Jian
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.82 no.3
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    • pp.271-282
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    • 2022
  • The active learning surrogate model based on adaptive sampling strategy is increasingly popular in reliability analysis. However, most of the existing sampling strategies adopt the trial and error method to determine the size of the Monte Carlo (MC) candidate sample pool which satisfies the requirement of variation coefficient of failure probability. It will lead to a reduction in the calculation efficiency of reliability analysis. To avoid this defect, a new method for determining the optimal size of the MC candidate sample pool is proposed, and a new structural reliability analysis method combining polynomial chaos-based Kriging model (PC-Kriging) with adaptive sampling region is also proposed (PCK-ASR). Firstly, based on the lower limit of the confidence interval, a new method for estimating the optimal size of the MC candidate sample pool is proposed. Secondly, based on the upper limit of the confidence interval, an adaptive sampling region strategy similar to the radial centralized sampling method is developed. Then, the k-means++ clustering technique and the learning function LIF are used to complete the adaptive design of experiments (DoE). Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the PCK-ASR method are verified by three numerical examples and one practical engineering example.

HiGANCNN: A Hybrid Generative Adversarial Network and Convolutional Neural Network for Glaucoma Detection

  • Alsulami, Fairouz;Alseleahbi, Hind;Alsaedi, Rawan;Almaghdawi, Rasha;Alafif, Tarik;Ikram, Mohammad;Zong, Weiwei;Alzahrani, Yahya;Bawazeer, Ahmed
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.22 no.9
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2022
  • Glaucoma is a chronic neuropathy that affects the optic nerve which can lead to blindness. The detection and prediction of glaucoma become possible using deep neural networks. However, the detection performance relies on the availability of a large number of data. Therefore, we propose different frameworks, including a hybrid of a generative adversarial network and a convolutional neural network to automate and increase the performance of glaucoma detection. The proposed frameworks are evaluated using five public glaucoma datasets. The framework which uses a Deconvolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) and a DenseNet pre-trained model achieves 99.6%, 99.08%, 99.4%, 98.69%, and 92.95% of classification accuracy on RIMONE, Drishti-GS, ACRIMA, ORIGA-light, and HRF datasets respectively. Based on the experimental results and evaluation, the proposed framework closely competes with the state-of-the-art methods using the five public glaucoma datasets without requiring any manually preprocessing step.

A Image Contrast Enhancement Using Clustering of Image Histogram (히스토그램 군집화를 이용한 영상 대비 향상)

  • Hong, Seok-Keun;Park, Joon-Woo;Kang, Byeong-Jo;Choi, Yu-Na;Cho, Seok-Je
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.379-380
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    • 2009
  • 히스토그램 스트레칭이나 히스토그램 균등화 등 기존 대비 향상 기법들과 히스토그램 균등화 기반의 수많은 방법들은 저대비에 소수의 화소들이 넓게 퍼져 있는 영상에 대해서 만족할만한 결과를 내지 못한다. 따라서 본 논문은 군집화 방법을 이용한 새로운 영상 대비 향상 기법을 제안한다. 히스토그램의 군집수는 원영상의 히스토그램을 분석하여 얻을 수 있다. 히스토그램 성분들을 K-means 알고리즘을 이용하여 군집화한다. 그리고 히스토그램 군집 범위와 군집의 화소수 비율을 비교하여 히스토그램 스트레칭과 히스토그램 균등화를 선택적으로 적용한다. 실험 결과로부터 제안한 방법이 기존의 대비 향상 기법들보다 더 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Visual Information Tactile Transformation Display to Expand the Enjoyment of Art and Culture for the Blind (시각장애인 예술 문화 향유 확장을 위한 시각 정보 촉각 변환 디스플레이)

  • Sang-Don Lee;Ju-Hyeon Lee;Jae-Hyeong Hwang;Hyeon-Jung Hwang;Jae-Hun Lee
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2023.11a
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    • pp.996-997
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    • 2023
  • 시각 장애인들의 시각 정보에 대한 낮은 접근성은 문화, 예술 활동에 큰 제약을 가져다 주고 있다. 실제로 시각 장애인 중 약 절반 이상이 문화, 여가생활에 만족하지 못한다고 답하였고 전시회, 미술품 감상 또는 관람 활동은 약 5%만이[1] 참여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 시각이라는 감각의 한계를 뛰어넘어 시각 미디어를 즐길 수 있게 하는 서비스를 제작하였고, 이는 크게 웹서비스인 web view editor와 물리적인 촉각 디스플레이로 구성된다. 시각 미디어인 이미지는 8×8로 나눠 각 영역을 OpenCV 라이브러리와 K-means clustering 알고리즘을 이용하여 9 level로 분류시키고, 구분된 level에 맞게 cell의 높낮이 차이를 두기 위하여 Arduino를 통한 회전-선형 변환기를 제작했다. Arduino의 PWM 기능을 이용해 모터의 속도와 방향을 제어하며, 각 모터의 드라이버는 Arduino와 연결되어 있어 모터의 회전을 제어하게 했다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 cell의 높낮이 차이를 9 level로 구분하여 시각 정보를 촉각으로 수용할 수 있는 장치를 제작하였고, 이 장치를 통해 기존의 시각 장애인들이 문화 생활을 쉽게 향유하고 이를 바탕으로 창의성과 상상력을 증대시켜 더욱 밀접하게 사회와 연결되고 소통 할 수 있는 기회의 초석이 되기를 기대하는 바이다.

Effects of Young Children's Competence on Mastery Motivation Moderated by Mothers' Overprotective Parenting: Focus on Temperament Types of Young Children (유아의 유능감이 숙달동기에 미치는 영향에서 어머니 과보호의 조절효과: 유아의 기질 유형에 따른 차이를 중심으로)

  • Ji-Eun Song;Nary Shin
    • Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.21-42
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study aims investigate the moderating effect of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of young children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 429 mothers with children aged 3-5. The collected data was analyzed using K-means clustering in SPSS 23.0 and the Process macro Model 2. Results: Children's temperaments were categorized into four types : easy-active temperament, easy-inactive temperament, slow temperament, and difficult temperament. It was confirmed that children's competence directly affected their mastery motivation when they had easy-inactive, slow, or difficult temperament. It was also found that mothers' intrusive control had a direct main effect on object persistence when children had easy temperament, while there was no effect on mastery pleasure. The moderating effects of mothers' anxious protection on the pathway from children's competence to object persistence were significant only among children with a slow temperament. Conclusion/Implications: This study highlights the need for mothers to adapt their parenting behavior to their children's temperament type. The study confirmed partial moderating effects of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation.

Automatic Detection of Dead Trees Based on Lightweight YOLOv4 and UAV Imagery

  • Yuanhang Jin;Maolin Xu;Jiayuan Zheng
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.614-630
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    • 2023
  • Dead trees significantly impact forest production and the ecological environment and pose constraints to the sustainable development of forests. A lightweight YOLOv4 dead tree detection algorithm based on unmanned aerial vehicle images is proposed to address current limitations in dead tree detection that rely mainly on inefficient, unsafe and easy-to-miss manual inspections. An improved logarithmic transformation method was developed in data pre-processing to display tree features in the shadows. For the model structure, the original CSPDarkNet-53 backbone feature extraction network was replaced by MobileNetV3. Some of the standard convolutional blocks in the original extraction network were replaced by depthwise separable convolution blocks. The new ReLU6 activation function replaced the original LeakyReLU activation function to make the network more robust for low-precision computations. The K-means++ clustering method was also integrated to generate anchor boxes that are more suitable for the dataset. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm achieved an accuracy of 97.33%, higher than other methods. The detection speed of the proposed approach is higher than that of YOLOv4, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the detection process.

Maternal Early Parent Attachment and Social Interest: The Effect of Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance (어머니의 초기부모애착과 사회적 관심: 애착 불안과 애착 회피를 중심으로)

  • Ha Yeoung, Min
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.62 no.1
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    • pp.69-80
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    • 2024
  • This study explored the relationship between maternal early parental attachment (EPA) and social interest. The participants were 311 mothers with elementary schoolchildren who lived in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area. Data were collected through an online questionnaire provided on the portal site and analyzed using k-means clustering, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for Windows and, RMSEA, TLI, NFI and CFI using IBM SPSS AMOS 18 for Windows. The principal results were as follows. Firstly, mothers' EPA anxiety and avoidance had a negative influence on social interest. Secondly, social interest was found to be significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with an insecure attachment style. Thirdly, significant differences were observed in levels of social interest among mothers with secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and disorientated attachment styles. A Scheffé post-hoc test revealed that social interest was significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with a disorientated attachment style. The experience of relationships with caregivers early in life is therefore important in the development of social interest.

Identifying Cluster Patterns in Relationship Between Municipal Revenue Configuration and Fiscal Surplus: Application of Machine Learning Methodologies

  • Im Chunghyeok;Ryou Jaemin;Han JunHyun;Bae Jayon
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2024
  • Net surplus serves as a crucial indicator of how efficiently local governments utilize their resources. This study aims to analyze and categorize the patterns of net surplus across 75 local governments in Korea. By employing machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering and silhouette analysis, this research delves into surplus patterns, revealing insights that differ from those provided by traditional analytical methods. Machine learning enables a broader spectrum of discoveries, leading us to identify three distinct clusters in the net surplus of Korean local finances. The characteristics of these three clusters show that the wealthiest cities have the highest surplus ratios. In contrast, mid-sized municipalities, constrained by limited central government support and scarce local resources, exhibit the lowest surplus ratios. Interestingly, a significant number of cities maintain a median surplus ratio even under challenging fiscal conditions. Additionally, we identify critical thresholds that differentiate the three clusters: a grant-in-aid ratio of 19.31%, a debt ratio of 3.52%, and a local tax ratio of 25.58%. This identification of thresholds is a key contribution of our study, as these specific thresholds have not been previously addressed in the literature.

Hydrological Forecasting Based on Hybrid Neural Networks in a Small Watershed (중소하천유역에서 Hybrid Neural Networks에 의한 수문학적 예측)

  • Kim, Seong-Won;Lee, Sun-Tak;Jo, Jeong-Sik
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.303-316
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    • 2001
  • In this study, Radial Basis Function(RBF) Neural Networks Model, a kind of Hybrid Neural Networks was applied to hydrological forecasting in a small watershed. RBF Neural Networks Model has four kinds of parameters in it and consists of unsupervised and supervised training patterns. And Gaussian Kernel Function(GKF) was used among many kinds of Radial Basis Functions(RBFs). K-Means clustering algorithm was applied to optimize centers and widths which ate the parameters of GKF. The parameters of RBF Neural Networks Model such as centers, widths weights and biases were determined by the training procedures of RBF Neural Networks Model. And, with these parameters the validation procedures of RBF Neural Networks Model were carried out. RBF Neural Networks Model was applied to Wi-Stream basin which is one of the IHP Representative basins in South Korea. 10 rainfall events were selected for training and validation of RBF Neural Networks Model. The results of RBF Neural Networks Model were compared with those of Elman Neural Networks(ENN) Model. ENN Model is composed of One Step Secant BackPropagation(OSSBP) and Resilient BackPropagation(RBP) algorithms. RBF Neural Networks shows better results than ENN Model. RBF Neural Networks Model spent less time for the training of model and can be easily used by the hydrologists with little background knowledge of RBF Neural Networks Model.

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