• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1995

In spite of the prescriptions on the reference X-ray fields given by the International Organization of Strandard(ISO) and American National Standard Institute(ANSI), the measurement of X-ray spectrum is not only time consuming but very difficult, paticularly when significant corrections have to be applied to the measured pulse-height distributions of the observed spectra. This paper describes the calculation method of ISO Narrow Series and ANSI X-ray filtered radiations by theoretical model which is modified framer's theory by target attenuation and backscatter correction. The X-ray spectra, average energies and conversion coefficients are calculated and compared with those obtained using the spectra prescribed by ISO and AMSI to assure good agreement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2012

The transportation sector accounts for 33% of the total $CO_2$ emissions. Effective control measures for reducing $CO_2$ emissions are urgently needed to address global warming. Objective and reliable methods to estimate $CO_2$ emissions are a prerequisite for the implementation of such effective control measures. However, existing models have not been successful. Even though the average-speed model is one of the most convenient and useful methods for estimating $CO_2$ emissions, it cannot distinguish between a variety of roads as well as traffic conditions in the model. The results of this study found that there may be significant discrepancies between emissions estimated by the current average-speed model and those measured in real driving conditions. This paper proposed the subdivision of emission factors in the average-speed model depending on both traffic and road conditions.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.197-202
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• 2020

In this study, we investigate the effect of twenties female caffeine addiction on cardiorespiratory capacity. For this study, we divided 35 female students at H university into caffeine addict group(n=17) and none caffeine addict group(n=18). Measure maximal oxygen uptake, maximal energy consumption and METs using Cycle Ergometer to assess cardiac capacity. Measure peak inspiratory pressure, peak inspiratory flow rate, peak inspiratory capacity, average inspiratory pressure, average inspiratory flow rate, average inspiratory capacity using Power Breathe K5 to assess respiratory capacity. As a result, cardiac capacity showed a statistically significant decrease in maximal oxgen uptake and METs compared caffeine addict group to none caffeine addict group(p<.001). respiratory capacity showed a statistically significant decrease in peak inspiratory pressure(p<.05), peak inspiratory flow rate(p<.01), average inspiratory pressure(p<.01), average inspiratory flow rate(p<.01), compared caffeine addict group to none caffeine addict group. Combining the results of the study, we could see that caffeine addiction reduces the cardiorespiratory capacity in twenties female. Therefore, it could be used as a basis date to prevent caffeine addiction for twenties female.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.469-475
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• 2002

The rotating biological contactor (RBC) was tested for treatment of aquacultural water in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system. Performance of RBC on the treatment of nitrogen source such as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (CODcr.) was evaluated. A system was stocked with nile tilapia at an initial rearing densities of $5\%$ and $7\%$ over 30 days. As increasing rearing density from $5\%$ to $7\%$, the TAN removal rates was increased from $39.4 g/m^3{\cdot}day$ to $86.0 g/m^3{\cdot}day$. But TAN removal efficiency was decreased from $24.5\%$ to $16.0\%$. The removal rate of $COD_Cr$ was higher than TAN. The RBC as an aerator was also evaluated for increasing dissolved oxygen concentration. For $5\%$ and $7\%$ of rearing density, the average aeration rate were $280 g/m^3{\cdot}day$ and $255 g/m^3{\cdot}day$, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 2009

Demand for the high quality barley with fibroid material and functional substances has been increasing in recent although the amount of barley consumption decreased drastically during the last two decades. But the limited information on quality of barley makes consumers hard when they purchase barley for their own consumption. Therefore, 51 brand barley, .i.e., 28 naked barley and 23 waxy barley from supermarkets and 10 polished barley from local markets were collected, and their external quality were analyzed to provide basic information on brand barley. Among 51 brand barley, 56% were 1kg package and 25% were 800 g package and there was no significant difference ($1{\pm}3.62\;g$) between printed and actual weighs. The weight of 1,000 grains of naked barley and waxy barley ranged $18.6{\sim}26.7\;g$ and $14.6{\sim}24.7\;g$, respectively. Thousand grain weight of 38% of naked barley ranged $20{\sim}22\;g$, while that of 43% of waxy barley ranged $18{\sim}20\;g$. The ratio of normal grains was 88% and 94% for naked barley and waxy barley, respectively, when separated with 1.7 mm sieve. Although 82% of brand barley products were free from foreign substances, in 18% of brand barley products, sands, pieces of cloth and wood, other kinds of grain and insect larvae were found, Average test weight of brand barleys was $843g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ with range of $805{\sim}917g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Water content was less than 14% in 7.8% of barley products, while it was $14{\sim}15%$ in 62.7% of them. Average whiteness of brand barley was 31.06, while waxy barley had higher whiteness with 27.28 than naked barley with 34.16. Heated water uptake rate of milled naked barley and milled waxy barley were 215.4% and 231.7%, respectively, while expansion rate of milled naked barley and milled waxy barley were 379.7% and 401.6%, respectively. Barley from local markets were as good as brand barley products in 1,000 grain weight, ratio of normal grains, inclusion of foreign substances, test weight, water content, whiteness, water uptake rate, and expansion rate, but they showed higher ratio of foreign substances included.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.693-697
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• 2010

This study, conducted with four leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis), used time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) to analyze estradiol and progesterone concentrations in fecal samples. We measured fecal samples taken during estrus period, diestrus period, pregnancy and non-pregnancy period. During estrus (February), the mean minimum estradiol concentration was $4.02{\pm}1.9$ng/g, and the mean maximum was $86.01{\pm}35.2$ng/g (dry fecal weight). During diestrus (November), the mean minimum estradiol concentration was $4.42{\pm}1.32$ng/g and mean maximum was $15.62{\pm}6.48$ng/g (dry fecal weight). Midgestation (April), the mean minimum progesterone concentration was $427{\pm}24.49$ng/g and the mean maximum was $1490{\pm}265.27$ng/g. During non-pregnancy (November), the mean minimum progesterone concentration was $71.25{\pm}29.61$ng/g and the mean maximum was $291.75{\pm}90.30$ng/g. These results suggest that steroid hormone analysis of feces using TR-FIA is a valid method for noninvasively determining ovarian activity associated with estrus and pregnancy in leopard cats. This study will contribute to building breeding management and reproductive plans for endangered species.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

Purpose: This study attempts to know functional results and gait analysis usefulness in patients with bone tumor around knee joint tumors who underwent prosthesis knee joint reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was conducted with 7 patients out of 30 patients who underwent prosthesis knee joint reconstruction after wide marginal excision for bone tumor around knee in orthopedics of this hospital from 2001 to 2010. Functional assessment and gait analysis were perforemed. Results: For the SF-36 score, while 'role physical' and 'role emotional' items showed 100% (100 points) high scores individually, general health, physical function, vitality, and social function showed low scores. The mean score of MSTS was 88.1% (23.8 points [17-27]), indicating a relatively high score. For the gait analysis, mean gait velocity was 97.2 m/s, mean cadence was 105.6 step/min, mean stride length was 111.3 m, mean step length was 61.5 cm, swing phase was 39.8%cycle, stance phase was 60.1%cycle, mean single limb support was 37.1%cycle, mean double limb support was 13.0%cycle, and mean push off was 60.7%cycle. Conclusion: It is expected that prosthesis reconstruction after wide marginal excision for bone tumor around knee has relatively good functional results. Gait analysis was considered one of method which showed gait phase and assessed functional ability objectively by quantitative assessment post operative patient condition. It might help treatment and post operative rehabilitation planning with the functional assessment.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties about oral health of 250 physical education middle-high school students. From April 2013 to June, we researched their oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior and oromaxillofacial trauma using oral examination and structured survey and implemented independent t-test and frequency analysis. Female students were statistically higher in DMFT rate(Female 22.30 % and male 15.41% in average). Middle school students were higher in periodontal health status score compared to high school students(Middle school 1.19 and high school 0.68 in average). Female students scored higher in both oral health knowledge(Female 3.69 and male 2.81 in average) and behavior(female 38.26 and male 36.92 in average). Therefore, the implementation of oral health education and personalized oral health program that considers properties of physical education middle-high school students.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.165-188
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• 2009

This paper has suggested the methodology for the frontier portfolios and the optimal portfolio under the mean-VaR framework, not assuming the normal distribution and considering the investor's preferences for the higher moments of return distributions. It suggested the grid and rank approach which did not need an assumption about return distributions to find the frontier portfolios. And the optimal portfolio was selected using the utility function that considered the 3rd and the 4th moments. For the application of the methodology, weekly returns of the developed countries index, the emerging market index and the KOSPI index were used. After the frontier portfolios of the mean-variance framework and the mean-VaR framework were selected, the optimal portfolios of each framework were compared. This application compared not only the difference of the standard deviation but also the difference of the utility level and the certainty equivalent expressed by weekly expected returns. In order to verify statistical significances about the differences between the mean-VaR and the mean-variance, this paper presented the statistics which were obtained by the historical simulation method using the bootstrapping. The results showed that an investor under the mean-VaR framework had a tendency to select the optimal portfolio which has bigger standard deviation, comparing to an investor under the mean-variance framework. In addition, the more risk averse an investor is, the bigger utility level and certainty equivalent he achieves under the mean-VaR framework. However, the difference between the two frameworks were not significant in statistical as well as economic criterion.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 1997

The squid fishery from the East China Sea has increased in importance in recent years, for management of resources were carried out selection experments using diamond and square mesh cod-end with enclosing small mesh cover net by trouser net method during 1991-1994 year. Mesh selection studies on Short-finned squid and Long-finned squid divided from catches by trial experiments. The results that square mesh cod-end retained proportionally fewer small and undersized Short-finned squid and Long-finned squid, square mesh cod-end were greater selection factor and 50% selection length than diamond mesh cod-end.