• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 1993

The collagens from filefish (Novoden modestus) and cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius) skin were isolated and their physicochemical properties were investigated. Glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, valine and phenylalanine in the filefish skin collagen (FSC) were presented at higher levels than those of cod skin collagen (CSC), but the contents of glycine, proline and serine were contrary. The content of essential amino acids of FSC (265 residues/1000 residues) was higher than CSC (229 residues). The solubilities of both collagens were the lowest at pH 7.0, but precipitously increased at acid zone(below pH 5.0). FSC has lower viscosity than CSC. Furthermore, while the viscosities of both collagens were the lowest at pH 7.0, the viscosities of FSC and CSC were the highest at pH 4.0 and pH 2.0, respectively. The denaturation temperature of $FS(25^{\circ}C)$ was higher than $CSD\;(17^{\circ}C)$. The free hydrophobic residue contents of FSC and CSC tended to increase till $60^{\circ}C,\;and\;50^{\circ}C$ respectively, and to decrease thereafter. Hydration capacities of both collagens were the lowest at pH 7.0, and CSC had the superior hydration capacity to FSC. In addition, emulsifying and emulsifying stability of CSC was also superior to FSC.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 1983

A study on the color changes of fish meat during drying was conducted using fishes with different lipid contents, such as Alaska pollack as lean fish, conger eel as white fleshed fatty fish, and sardine as dark fleshed fatty fish. The fish meat was dried in a forced air dryer for 20 hours at 40, 55 and $70^{\circ}C$, The air velocity was 0.4 m/sec and the relative humidity of air was controlled to a constant value in the range of 10 to $50\%$. The color changes were evaluated with the brown color densities developed by lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction. The predominant reaction for the brown color developed during drying was lipid oxidation, The more the lipid content of fish and the higher the drying temperature were, the more violent the oxidative reaction of Lipid was. The rate of lipid oxidation during drying at 40 and $55^{\circ}C$ was affected by the relative humidity of air and was the slowest around $30\%$. But no remarkable influence of relative humidity on the rate of lipid oxidation could be confirmed during drying at $70^{\circ}C$. It seemed that the rate of lipid oxidation at higher temperature was more sensitive to the temperature than the relative humidity of air. Maillard reaction showed not so significant influence on the color changes of fish meat during drying. The rate of reaction was increased with increasing relative humidity of air in the range of 10 to $50\%$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.506-510
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• 1984

The muscle lipids of cultured and wild eel, Anguilla japonica, were analysed by gas chromatography for fatty acid compositions of total lipid(TL), neutral lipid(NL), phospholipid(PL) and glycolipid(GL). And high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) patterns of NL were analysed by HPLC. The lipid contents of dorsal muscle of cultured fish are slightly lower than that of wild fish. The contents of TL, NL and PL of wild fish were similar to those of cultured fish, while GL content of wild fish was higher than that of cultured one. In the fatty acid compositions of TL, NL and PL, percentages of $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ in cultured fish are higher than these in wild one, while percentage of $C_{16:1}$ is lower. Elution patterns in HPLC of NL of wild and cultured eel were slightly different.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1979

In early August 1978, a huge red tide occurred off Chilcheon Is, , at the mouth of Jinhae Bay. It expanded rapidly into the central part and then soon covered all the bay except the innermost part of the bay. After staying for a week it disappeared, and thereafter several small scale red tides partially occurred and disappeared untill the end of August. It differed from the red tides hitherto recorded from this bay in respect of the dominant plankter, the geographical extent and the severe damaging effect to local oyster resources. During the red tide period, nevertheless, no oyster damage was found. In September, however, oyster mortailty was found from all rafts and longlines in the bay. Except the inner most part of the bay the oyster farms were completely destroyed. Of the oyster Production in the winter 1978, $96\%$ of an estimated yield of 5,879 tons (shucked meat) was lost and it was estimated to be 2,275 million won, equivalent to $US\$$ 4.55 million. The dominant species was a dinoflagellate, Ceratium fusus and it constituted about $45\%$ of the total phytoplankton. Cell count showed $7.0\times10^4\;cells/\iota$ and chlorophyll-a, $50mg/m^3$ during red tide peak. No oxygen was found ill the bottom waters in September. Sulphides in bottom waters and in the superficial mud increased to 15 and 8-fold respectively in September compared with July ana August. Precipitation from January to May of 1978 was about a third in comparison with the past ten years average but rainfall ill June was two and half-fold more than normal year, and thereafter drought persisited till September Air and water temperatures were also higher, and sunny days continued for a long time without strong winds. Therefore, water was calm for a long time after the red tide extinguished. The result indicated that the occurrence of the Ceratium red tide occurred in that year which was characterized by the combination of the formation of almost anoxic bottom water before the red tide occurrence, high air temperature and the calmness after a great quantity of rainfall in June. The mass mortality of oysters was presumed not to be directly related with the red tide but with the depression of dissolved oxygen in the environmental waters at the bottom due to settling of the red tide organisms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1979

본연구에서는 그물어구의 상사를 지배하는 무차원수 K를 $$K=\frac{{\nu}^n\rho_wv^{2-n}}{{d^{1+n}(\rho-\rho_w)}$$ d, p: 재료의 직경 및 밀도 $\nu,\rho_w,v$: 물의 동점성계수, 밀도 및 속도으로 정하고, 여기에서의 직경의 비를 결정하는 방법에 따라 실물과 모형과의 상사를 완전하게 그리고 근사적으로 만족시키는 조건들을 구하였다. 즉, 원전한 상사한 경우는 직경의 비를 축척비와 같게 하고, 나아가서 다른 모든 치수의 비도 축척비와 같게 함으로써 만족된다고 하였으며, 측사적 상사의 경우느 직경의 비가 축척비 $(\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1})$와 같지 않아도 된다고 하여, 그물실의 직경 d, 코의 크기 $\iota$ 및 콧수 N의 비를 $$\frac{d_2}{d_1}=\frac{\iota_2}{\iota_1}=\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}{\cdot}\frac{N_1}{N_2}$$ 으로, 줄의 직경 d', 길이 $\iota'$ 및 밀도 $\rho'$의 비를 $$\frac{d_2'}{d_1'}=\sqrt{{\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}}\cdot{\frac{d_2}{d_1}}\cdot{\frac{\rho_2-\rho_{w2}}{\rho_1-\rho_{w1}}\cdot{\frac{\rho_1'-\rho_{w1}}{\rho_2'-\rho_{w2}}}}$$, $\frac{\iota_2'}{\iota_1'}=\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}$로, 부속구의 치경 $d'$, 밀도 $\rho'$ 및 수 $N'$의 비를 $$\frac{N_2'}{N_1'}=(\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1})^2(\frac{d_2}{d_1})(\frac{d_1'}{d_2'})\frac{(\rho_2-\rho_{w2})}{(\rho_1-\rho_{w1})}\frac{(\rho_1'-\rho_{w1})}{(\rho_2'-\rho_{w2})}$$으로 정하였다. 이렇게 정해진 모형어구에 대해 유속 v의 비느 $K_1=K_2$로부터 $$(\frac{u_2}{u_1})^{2-n}=(\frac{\nu_2}{\nu_1})^{-n}\;(\frac{\rho_{w1}}{\rho_{w2}})\;(\frac{\rho_2-\rho_{w2}}{\rho_1-\rho_{w1}})\;(\frac{d_2}{d_1})^{1+n}$$으로 주어지므로, 이를 이용하여 어구저항 D 및 그물감의 다리에서의 장력 $\tau$의 비를 $$\frac{D_2}{D_1}=\frac{d_2(\rho_2-\rho_{w2})}{d_1(\rho_1-\rho_{w1})}(\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1})^2$$ $${\frac{\tau_2}{\tau_1}=\frac{d_2\iota_2(\rho_2-\rho_{w2})}{d_1\iota_1(\rho_1-\rho_{w1})}\;{\cdot}\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}$$로 정하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.423-430
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of role rotation experience on learning flow, self leadership and debriefing satisfaction in nursing students. A non-equivalence control group quasi-experimental study was used and included as participants 203 junior nursing students at Y University. The experimental group (n=103) participated in the teaching class using a role rotation experience, while the control group (n=100) received conventional practice education. The outcome measurements were learning flow, self leadership, and debriefing satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed using a chi-test, and at-test using the SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The total score of learning flow and self leadership were similar in the two groups. On the other hand, in the case of the debriefing satisfaction (t=-2.70, p=.008), the experimental group ($4.24{\pm}0.51$) was remarkably higher than the control group ($4.03{\pm}0.60$). Although the changes regarding the learning flow and self leadership could not be identified, the debriefing satisfaction had been affected by the practice education using the role rotation experience. Therefore, to identify the effects of simulation education for further details, more research with diversified subjects and varied durations is needed.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1991

The Study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the degree of perception in nursing activities. This study reports perceptions of nurses on the choices they make among competing activities, contrasts this perception with their opinion of what tasks they would like to spend time on. A sample of 231 clinical nurses was selected to participate in this study at two genernal hospitals in Seoul. The data was collected from July 10th to 25th, 1990. Subjects were instructed to rate one of five points likert type scale on the 43 items of nursing activities. Analysis of data was done by means of the SPSS-X Program using frequency, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The characteristics of the subjects were as follows: The age group of 25-29 yeares was 45.9%. For religion, Christians had the highest score, 68.4 % and singles in subjects were 81.4%. For academic background, 64.5% were graduated from nursing junior colleges. In the subjects, staff nurses were 86.6%. 22.5% of them had worked for less than 1 year and 20.8% had 37 months to 5 years experience at the time of the survey. 62.8% were satisfied with the job. 2. The perception level of nursing activities: 1) The mean score for perception of professional nursing functions was 4.157 point, with a maximum score set. at 5 points. The mean score for perception of priorities was 3.781. Perception of spending time was 3.932. 2) In perception of professional nursing functions, more important items were Aseptic technique (4.866), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients(4.654), Observing patients (4.799). Less important items were Transporting patients(3.411), Changing linens(3.442), Giving a bed shampoo (3.506). In priorities, more important ones. were Aseptic technique(4, 706), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients (4.524.), Observing patients(4.390), Taking vital signs (4.355). And less important ones were Changing linens (3.100), Giving bed baths(3.113), Giving back rubs(3.121). In spending time, more important ones were Aseptic technique(1.706), Observing patients (4.532), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients(4.532). And less important ones were Changing lines(3.368), Transporting patients(3.394), Giving bed baths(3.450). 3) In the role perception level, the mean distribution of perception was 3.511- 4.335; the role was perceived to be in order of frequency as a facilitator, coordinator, change agent and advocator role. The most important scale of factors by nursing activities was indirect nursing activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.306-318
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of nurses. A total of 291 nurses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in the study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes was examined using one-day 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows : 67.7 percent of the subjects were nurses, 32.3% were nursing assistants. Average age of the subjects was 26.9 years old, average nursing experience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from junior college. The rates of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar, and 91.5% of subjects worked on a three-shift a day schedule. The average nutrition knowledge score was 14.3 $\pm$ 2.5 out of a possible 20 points. Most of the nurses had experienced dietary problems such as skipping meals and overeating. Sixty-eight point three percent of the nurses had breakfast less than 3 times a week, and the main reason for skipping meals was a lack of time. Most of the nurses (74.1%) didn't exercise regularly. The average score on dietary habits was 55.6 out of 100, and most of the subjects belonged to the‘fair’group in terms of dietary habits. Married nurses, and those over 31 years of age, scored significantly higher on dietary habits than unmarried nurses, and those under 25 years of age (p < 0.001), and the scores significantly increased with increasing age. Mean daily carbohydrate and fat intake was 231.5 $\pm$ 66.1 g, 41.1 $\pm$ 18.8 g, and cholesterol and crude fiber intake was 238.2 $\pm$ 184.6 mg, 5.2 $\pm$ 2.0 g. respectively. Compared with the recommended allowances, the energy (1560.0 $\pm$ 448.5 kcal), calcium (453.8 $\pm$ 222.3 mg) iron (10.6 $\pm$ 7.6 mg), vitamin A (658.5 $\pm$ 538.1 R.E) and vitamin B$_2$ (0.96 $\pm$ 0.5 mg) figures were below the Korean RDA, and the protein (65.9 $\pm$ 31.0 g), vitamin B, (1.14 $\pm$ 0.5 mg), vitamin C (143.2 $\pm$ 119.6 mg), niacin (14.4 $\pm$ 6.3 mg) and phosphorus (958.1 $\pm$ 352.1 mg) figures were above the Korean RDA. The average carbohydrate, protein, fat ratio of energy intake was 60：17：23. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1：2. The dietary habits had a positive correlation (p < 0.001) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C. Therefore, In order to improve overall dietary behavior and nutritional status, systematic nutrition education programs should be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5668-5674
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• 2014

This study examined the oral health knowledge of childcare teachers and their awareness of the prevention effects against dental caries. The subjects in this study were 433 childcare teachers in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, Busan and South Gyeongsang Province, on whom a survey was conducted for five months, beginning in March, 2013. Hospitals (56.6%) were the most common route by which the childcare teachers acquired oral health knowledge. Regarding the distribution of the correct answers on oral health knowledge, every teacher gave the correct answer to the item "When a tooth comes out, it should be kept in milk and then be brought to a dental clinic," and the smallest number of them (35.1%) gave the correct answer to the item "When a tooth comes out, it should be washed with water." Concerning the level of oral health knowledge, the respondents, who worked in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province (p<0.001), who worked in childcare centers with more children (p<0.001), who were younger (p<0.001), and who were junior college graduates (p=0.002) had better oral health knowledge. In regard to the awareness of the prevention effects against dental caries, the respondents who were older (p<0.001) and who were married (p=0.002) were more aware of the prevention effects. According to position and career, teachers who were assistant principals (p=0.023) and had worked for 10 years or more (p=0.009) were more aware of the effects. Therefore, child care teachers should acquire accurate knowledge to improve the oral health of children, and regular training programs for age and education are needed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data Effect of uneffected side insole on Gait Pattern in Hemiplegia Patients. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 10 Adult Hemiplegia Patients, 5 left Hemiplegia Patients and 5 right Hemiplegia Patients, 50 to 60 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The results were as follows; 1) The mean Cadence of the shoes to the 1cm insole in shoes were $70.58{\pm}12.67\;steps/min$, to $77.28{\pm}14.58\;steps/min$.(p>0.05) 2) The mean Walking Speed of the shoes to the 1cm insole in shoes were $0.40{\pm}0.17\;m/s$, to $0.49{\pm}0.18\;m/s$.(p>0.05) 3) The mean Stride Length of the shoes to the 1cm insole in shoes were $0.67{\pm}0.20\;m$, to $0.75{\pm}0.19m$.(p>0.05) 4) The mean anterior angles of pint on the pelvic tilt for different the shoes to the 1cm insole in shoes were $13.22{\pm}7.25^{\circ}$, to $11.68{\pm}4.02^{\circ}$.(p>0.06) 5) The mean maximal angles of pint on the hip flexion motion for different the shoes to the 1cm insole in shoes were $24.62{\pm}8.35^{\circ}$, to $24.74{\pm}9.12^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 6) The mean maximal angles of joint on the knee flexion motion for different the shoes to the 1cm insole in shoes were $34.27{\pm}16.71^{\circ}$, to $35.93{\pm}18.22^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) insole in shoes were $15.97{\pm}7.72^{\circ}$, to $18.77{\pm}11.03^{\circ}$.(p>0.05) 7) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle dorsiflexion motion for different the shoes to the 1cm. 8) The mean maximal angles of joint on the ankle plantarflexion motion for different the shoes to the 1cm insole in shoes were $-4.24{\pm}10.66^{\circ}$, to $-7.04{\pm}11.00^{\circ}$.(p<0.05)