• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

The needs for precise diagnostics and farm management-decision aids have increased to reduce the risk of climate change and environmental stress. Crop simulation models have been widely used to search optimal solutions for effective cultural practices. However, limited knowledge on physiological responses to environmental variation would make it challenging to apply crop simulation models to a wide range of studies. Advanced research facilities would help investigation of plant response to the environment. In the present study, the sunlit controlled environment chambers, known as Korean SPAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) system, was developed by renovating existing SPAR system. The Korean SPAR system controls and monitors major environmental variables including atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and soil moisture. Furthermore, plants are allowed to grow under natural sunlight. Key physiological and physical data such as canopy photosynthesis and respiration, canopy water and nutrient use over the whole growth period are also collected automatically. As a case study, it was shown that the Korean SPAR system would be useful for collection of data needed for understanding the growth and developmental processes of a crop, e.g., soybean. In addition, we have demonstrated that the canopy photosynthetic data of the Korean SPAR indicate the precise representation of physiological responses to environment variation. As a result, physical and physiological data obtained from the Korean SPAR are expected to be useful for development of an advanced crop simulation model minimizing errors and confounding factors that usually occur in field experiments.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

Background: Although the frequency of respiratory viral infection in patients with pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not uncommon, clinical significance of the condition remains to be further elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes of patients with pulmonary ARDS infected with influenza and other respiratory viruses. Methods: Clinical data of patients with pulmonary ARDS infected with respiratory viruses January 2014-June 2018 were reviewed. Respiratory viral infection was identified by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Among 126 patients who underwent multiplex RT-PCR, respiratory viral infection was identified in 46% (58/126): 28 patients with influenza and 30 patients with other respiratory viruses. There was no significant difference in baseline and clinical characteristics between patients with influenza and those with other respiratory viruses. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was more frequent in patients with influenza than in those with other respiratory viruses (32.1% vs 3.3%, p=0.006). Co-bacterial pathogens were more frequently isolated from respiratory samples of patients with pulmonary ARDS infected with influenza virus than those with other respiratory viruses. (53.6% vs 26.7%, p=0.036). There were no significant differences regarding clinical outcomes. In multivariate analysis, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II was associated with 30-mortality (odds ratio, 1.158; 95% confidence interval, 1.022-1.312; p=0.022). Conclusion: Respiratory viral infection was not uncommon in patients with pulmonary ARDS. Influenza virus was most commonly identified and was associated with more co-bacterial infection and ECMO therapy.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Cassia tora L. have been used as a folk medicine in Korea. This study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of aurantio-obtusin isolated from C. tora. We isolated aurantio-obtusin from 50% ethanol extracts of C. tora L. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of aurantio-obtusin on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response in murine macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7). To investigate the cytotoxicity of aurantio-obtusin on RAW 264.7 cells, MTS assay was performed. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with aurantio-obtusin at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, $100{\mu}M$) for 30 h. The result showed that aurantio-obtusin had no cytotoxic effect in a concentration range of $12.5-100{\mu}M$. To determine the effect of aurantio-obtusin on LPS-induced NO production, the NO concentration measurement was performed. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with aurantio-obtusin at 12.5, 25, 50 and $100{\mu}M$ for 24 h, and the results showed that the NO production of aurantio-obtusin-treated cells compared to LPS alone treated group was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of aurantio-obtusin inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. To find out inhibitory mechanisms of aurantio-obtusin on inflammatory mediators, we examined the $PGE_2$ pathways. As a result, $PGE_2$ were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by aurantio-obtusin. The release of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and IL-6 were also reduced. Moreover, aurantio-obtusin suppressed LPL-induced $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation. These results suggest that the down regulation of NO, $PGE_2$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 expression by aurantio-obtusin are achieved by the downregulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Since the double-deck tunnel is deeply constructed in the city, it is necessary to secure the installation space of air supply and exhaust, escape passage stairs, elevator, distribution facilities and connection tunnels in the vertical shaft for the double-deck tunnel. Also, in order to minimize the effect of construction on adjacent area, it is necessary to construct the concrete structures at high speed in vertical shaft after tunnel excavation. Therefore, the slabs and the stairs in vertical shaft are needed to be constructed using precast concrete, and the rapid construction techniques of bracket for supporting the inner precast structure are needed. The bracket installation methods include cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete and steel. In this study, the improvement of the steel brackets with good economical efficiency and good workability was carried out in consideration of the improvement of the construction speed. We have developed a new bracket that is optimized through bracket shape improvement, anchor bolt position adjustment and quantity optimization. As a result of the structural performance test, it was confirmed that the required load supporting capacity was secured. As a result of structural performance test for bar type anchor bolt and bent anchor anchor bolt, it was confirmed that the required load carrying capacity was secured and that the load bearing capacity of bent anchor bolt was large.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.421-428
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• 2018

In order to optimize the prepreg compression molding (PCM) process, the forming simulation is required to cope with any problems that may be raised during the process. For the improvement of simulation accuracy, the input data of material property should be measured accurately. However, most studies assume that the compressive properties of the prepreg are identical to the tensile properties without quantifying them separately. Therefore, in this study, the in - plane compressive properties of the prepreg are presented to improve the accuracy of the forming simulation. As a result, the compressive modulus of the fibers was measured to be about $10^{-2}$ times lower than the tensile modulus. Also we designed a square-cup mold with a tilting angle of $110^{\circ}$ to simulate the prepreg formability during the high temperature compression mold process. Shear angles were measured at each corner, which were compared with the simulation results. It was observed that the simulation results using the accurate compressive properties of the prepreg showed a similar trend with the experimental results. It was confirmed that the measured data of the in-plane compression property improved the accuracy of the forming simulation results.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2018

The procedural generation algorithm is an algorithm that automatically generates a content to be used in a game by repeatedly executing a series of rules. As the size of the game increases, the amount of content used in the game increases. Accordingly, artificial intelligence research is actively conducted to automatically generate game contents using game artificial intelligence such as procedural generation. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to create 3D game world using procedural generation. The proposed algorithm generates a two-dimensional contour in which the path is naturally connected using Perlin-Noise whose noise is gradually changed. A three-dimensional Height-Map is created based on the generated two-dimensional contour lines. The generated Height-Map show that the shape of the map is normal and that the player is able to move around all the sections as in the game world created by hand. In the future, we will improve the performance of algorithms and apply them to game.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.260-264
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• 2019

An 84-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of pressure sores of the anus. She had a urine catheter when she showed pyuria three times but had no fever. A microscopic examination revealed many grapevine-like Gram positive strains and neutrophils. After 24 hours of urine culture on blood agar, non-hemolytic mucous colonies were found and further enlarged after 48 hours of culture. The capsules were identified after India ink stain. The catalase was positive, but the tube coagulase and latex coagulase were both negative. The S. aureus was identified by Vitek-2 and mass spectrometer Vitek MS V-3 IVD. The strain was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The phenotypically atypical MRSA found in the tube coagulase and latex coagulase were both negative. MRSA often show no beta hemolysis as in this case but are rarely latex coagulase-negative. We report a woman whose urine culture showed non-hemolytic, tube coagulase-negative, and latex coagulase-negative MRSA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2019

Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, and infectious disease of all species of domestic animals caused by the neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani (C. tetani). This disease is usually known to develop after microbial contamination in the deep or penetrating wound sites. In February 2017, a farmer who was raising 76 cows injected foot and mouth disease vaccine to three or more cows with one syringe. Their clinical symptoms were observed 2 to 16 days after the vaccination. The initial symptoms were stiffness, rigidity of the neck and limbs, pricked ears, and prolapse of the third eyelid. Subsequently, there was recumbency with extension of the limbs, convulsions and opistotonus and the affected 20 cows were all died. Two dead cows were submitted to Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for disease diagnosis. At necropsy, a focal edematous abscess of 15 to 20 cm in diameter was grossly observed in the subcutaneous and intramuscular tissue of scapular region and filled with a large amount of greenish pus. The feed was full in oral cavity and slightly observed in the trachea and lobes of lung. Histopathologically, focal granulomatous nodules with eosinophilic materials in the tissue were observed. In the lung, aspiration pneumonia and gram (+) bacteria were seen. The C. tetani was isolated in samples anaerobically cultured using reinforced clostridial medium and identified by PCR. To our knowledge, no previous outbreak of tetanus in cattle has affected such a high number of animals; neither has it been associated with misuse of the same syringe and needle to administer multiple individuals.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2019

In this study, we propose a verification method for a planar-phased array radar system using a near-field beam focusing(NFBF) test method. We then confirmed the validity of the results. The proposed method can be used to verify a radar system in the near-field range of twice the antenna aperture size, and this is done in the same manner as the field system performance test conducted in a non-outdoor electromagnetic anechoic chamber. The test configuration and procedure for verifying the NFBF using near-field energies were reviewed. In addition, the phase compensation values of additional individual channels were quantified through mathematical verification of the beam-steered NFBF test. Based on a theoretical verification, the actual NFBF test was performed and the validity of the test method was confirmed through comparison with ideal analytical results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2018

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been spread very quickly in southern Cambodia. To understand the motivation of farmers in adapting SRI, and its benefits, we conducted an on-farm study at Popel commune, Tramkak district, Takeo province in southern Cambodia, during the 2012 and 2013 wet season. We noticed a significant difference between SRI and conventional farmers' practices (FP) in rainfed lowland rice ecosystem. Despite of low nitrogen input, without chemical fertilizers, high grain yield was achieved in SRI 1 (6.0 t ha) and SRI2-Bottom ($7.2t\;ha^{-1}$) in 2013. SRI 1 and SRI 2 of panicle and number of panicle were high than SR 3, FP 2, and FP 3 due to early transplant. Relationships between total number of spikelet and plant nitrogen were ($r^2=0.95$) highly positive at harvest. SRI fields were, most of them achieving highly superior yield and number of panicle compared to their FP fields. The results indicated that SRI practices of planting younger seedling, with organic material and topography of paddy, lead to increased grain yield.