• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2022

Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive precursor which forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs and methylglyoxal are known to induce various diseases such as diabetes, vascular disorders, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and neuronal disorders. Juglans regia L is an important food commonly used worldwide, having nutritious components, including phenolic compounds. Since ancient times, Juglans regia L have been differently applied by various countries for health and in diverse diseases, including arthritis, asthma, skin disorders, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of diabetes-induced renal damage against AGEs remains unclear. This study evaluates the anti-glycation and renal protective effects of ethanol extract of Juglans regia L against methylglyoxal-induced renal tubular epithelial cell death. Exposure to methylglyoxal resulted in reduced cell viability in NRK-52E cells, but co-treatment with Juglans regia L extracts significantly increased the cell viability. In addition, we examined the anti-glycation effect of Juglans regia L extracts. Compared to the positive control aminoguanidine and Alagebrium, treatment with Juglans regia L extracts significantly inhibited the formation of AGEs, collagen cross-linking, and breaking collagen cross-linking. Taken together, our results indicate that Juglans regia L is a potential therapeutic agent for regulating diabetic complications by exerting anti-glycation and renal protective activities.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1991

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a common cultivated and wild deciduous tree in the temperate regions of Pakistan and elsewhere. A bare or poor understorey of wild or cultivated species is frequently observed beneath and around it. Soil analysis indicated insignificant differences in nutrient status of soils taken from areas with or without walnut influence. Field investigations revealed that the height, shoot, fresh and dry weight of potato, turnip, corn and bean significantly decreased in the walnut-influenced parts of the field compared to their counter-parts in the same field but without walnut influence. Aqueous extracts from various parts, shoot litter, natural rain leachates and soil collected from beneath walnut significantly reduced the germination, early seedling growth, fresh and dry weight, and moisture contents of corn, turnip and bean in various laboratory experiments. Ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, vanillic, jJ-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and gallic acid were identified as the possible allelopathic substances in the aquous extracts and rain leachates of the walnut tree. The findings suggest that the observed poor growth of crops is due to allelopathic effects of walnut.walnut.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2018

In this study, antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory of ethanol extracts from walnuts's (Juglans regia L.) shell were investigated in vitro. Radical-scavenging activities of the walnuts's shell ethanol extracts (WSE) were examined by using ABTS radicals and ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals assay. In the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity, $RC_{50}$ of WSE were measured as 15.74 and $40.13{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Also, to evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of WSE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. The production of proinflammatory cytokines NO were examined by LPS in BV-2 cell. BV-2 cells activated with LPS were treated with various doses (10, 25, 50, $100{\mu}g/mL$) of WSE. Supernatants were analyzed for the production of NO using Griess reagent. WSE up to $10{\mu}g/mL$ still required to inhibit NO induced by LPS. These results showed that walnuts's (Juglans regia L.) shell can be used as an easily accessible source of natural anti-neuroinflammatory and natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.713-717
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• 2008

In the present study, chronic effects of the hot water extracts of walnut seed (Juglans regia L.) (WSE) and Nelumbo nucifera seed (NSE) were investigated in mice exposed to 2 hr of restraint stress each day for 4 weeks. Corticosterone levels in serum were significantly increased in the vehicle-treated stressed group ($25\;{\mu}g/dL$) compared to that in the control group ($13\;{\mu}g/dL$). This stress induced gastric redness and lesions. However, treatment with WSE and/or NSE significantly protected the stomach from this lesion by 50-60% compared to that in the vehicletreated group. In the amygdala, the administration of WSE and/or NSE also reduced the immediate early gene (c-fos) expression by 70-90% vs. the vehicle-treated group. These suggest that WSE and/or NSE may reduce the appearance of symptoms induced by stress and these materials are useful as anti-stress foods, as natural products tend to be relatively safe compared to chemical products.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Natural dyeing has traditionally been used in many countries around the world, and as natural dyes are diversified, the diversity of dyeing patterns is also expanding. This study tried to establish standardization by providing numerical values that could provide quantified information to the Internet of Things by more accurately analyzing the color changes of dyes and mordants for the four natural dyes. The addition of copper acetate, iron II sulfate and potassium dichromate to the dye extracted from Juglans regia Linn changed the original color of brown to other colors of purple, khaki and dark brown, respectively. Except for potassium dichromate added to Sophora japonica L. or Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht, the concentration of other mordants was reduced, but the color difference of the dyed silk was very large. However, although there is a difference in degree, copper acetate and iron sulfate induced color changes of 35% and 15%, respectively. In summary, it was confirmed that the highest color change was induced when 15 grams of copper acetate was added to J. regia Linn, S. japonica L. and P. amurense Ruprecht and 150 grams of iron to Phytolacca americana. The results of this study suggested that the accurate color change by various mordants can be utilized as important information that enables more accurate color induction by dyes and mordants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2015

Several studies suggest that regular consumption of walnuts may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress-mediated disease such as cancer. The present study reports the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, together with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of several solvent extracts (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) obtained from walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk. MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values of the walnut extracts for 8 human pathogenic bacteria strain were determined using agar dilution method. Antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) assays, EC₅₀ of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content and its correlation with DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacities. Among the six extracts, ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc Ex) showed the highest antimicrobial activity at 3.2 mg/ml of MICs against Staphylococcus aureus SG511. Total flavonoids and polyphenol contents of EtOAc Ex were 42.48 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/g and 223.25 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g respectively. The highest antioxidative potential was shown by the sample extracted with EtOAc Ex (EC₅₀=13.43 μg/ml for DPPH and EC₅₀=41.83 μg/ml for ABTS radical scavenging activity assay). These results showed that J. regia green husk extracts can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antibacterial agents and natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.236-246
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• 2014

Purpose: Walnut is known to have unique favorable fatty acids, phytochemicals, and other nutrient profiles. As a result, there has been growing interest in evaluation of its health benefit related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although inverse associations of nut consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular disease have been reported in many epidemiological studies and qualitative reviews, few meta-analysis studies have been reported. This meta-analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a walnut-enhanced diet on CVD risk factors. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and KISS (Korean studies Information Service System) through July 2014. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on 17 trials reporting total cholesterol (TC), 14 trials reporting LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), 15 trials reporting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), 17 trials reporting triglyceride (TG), and four trials reporting flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results: In meta-analysis, intake of a walnut-enhanced diet resulted in significantly lowered TC, LDL-C, and TG by -0.124 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.209, -0.039; p = 0.004), -0.085 mmol/lL (95% CI, -0.167, -0.004; p = l0.039), and -0.080 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.155, -0.004; p = 0.039), respectively. The overall pooled estimate of the effect on FMD was +1.313% (95% CI, 0.744, 1.882, p = 0.000). HDL-C was not affected by walnut intake. No statistical heterogeneity was observed for any analysis. Results of funnel plots and Egger's regression suggested a low likelihood of publication bias in all biomarkers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this meta-analysis provide consistent evidence that walnut-enhanced diet intake reduces the CVD risk factors.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.318-323
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• 2010

아세틸콜린에스터라아제(AChE) 저해제에 의한 아세틸콜린 분해 억제는 알츠하이머 질병의 가장 확실한 치료 방법 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 최근 웰빙 건강 소재로 각광을 받고 있는 과일과 채소로부터 새로운 AChE 저해제를 개발하여 항치매 식품이나 대체 의약품 생산에 응용하기 위해 과일과 채소로부터 AChE 저해 활성이 우수한 시료를 선별하고, AChE 저해 물질의 추출조건을 최적화하였다. AChE 저해 활성은 호두의 메탄올 추출물에서 72.6% ($IC_{50}=14.2\;{\mu}g$)로 가장 높았고, 호두의 AChE 저해 물질은 80% 메탄올로 $40^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 동안 처리하였을 때 가장 많이 추출되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.256-263
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated macrophages (RAW 264.7 murine cell line) to JCE003 which is an extract including Eucommia ulmoides, Juglans regia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Zingiber officinale. Methods: An MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was performed to analyze the survival rate of RAW 264.7 cells. The production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6) were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Exposure of LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells to JCE003 was not cytotoxic up to $400{\mu}g/mL$, but cell survival was statistically significantly decreased at $800{\mu}g/mL$ (p < 0.001). Nitric oxide production was not markedly lowered in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by exposure to JCE003 (10, 50, 100, 200, 400, $800{\mu}l/mL$) compared with the Control group. In addition, JCE003 reduced the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at $400{\mu}g/mL$ (p < 0.05), but IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was decreased at 100, 200, and $400{\mu}g/mL$ JCE003 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that JCE003 inhibited the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of new Korean medicine anti-inflammatory drugs.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2019

The walnut (Juglans regia L.), a member of the Juglandaceae, is native to the mountain ranges of central Asia. This species of walnut is valued commercially for its nuts and in some areas for its timber. The seeds of walnut are recalcitrant and it has strong integument dormancy and their germination is irregular, making its natural propagation difficult. Low percentage of seed germination and long propagation cycle are the main problems of propagation. This study was conducted medium composition on in vitro plantlet regeneration from axillary buds of walnut. It has proved to be the most generally applicable and reliable method of in vitro propagation. Micropropagation culture that axillary buds are excised aseptically enables faster multiplication of plants. The axillary buds of walnut new cultivar "Sinlyeong" were cultured on two basal media which contained the different plant growth regulators depending on the respective shooting and rooting stage. After 12 weeks, the shoot generation rate was 85.3%, the shoot number and its length were 1.9/explant and 2.7 cm in the most favorable medium composition. The percentage of rooting was 25.4%. From these results, it was found the optimum basal medium and plant growth regulator for in vitro plant regeneration from axillary buds of walnut new cultivar "Sinlyeong". However, we have continued to search the other medium additives to enhance the rate of walnut root.