• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.483-492
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• 2007

Pre-Engineering Building (PEB) system is one of the most economical structural systems. Tapered members can resist a maximum stress at a single location, whereas stresses of the rest of the members are considerably low. This results in appreciable savings both in terms of materials and construction costs. However, it was appreciated that special consideration would be required for certain aspects of this structural form. In particular, because of their slenderness, webs would buckle laterally and torsionally under the combined action of excessive axial, bending and shear forces. In this study, a total of four large-scale rafters with simple ends were tested. The main parameters were the width-thickness ratio of the web, the stiffener, and the flange brace. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the structural stability and to offer back-data on PEB design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.272-272
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• 2010

최근 화합물반도체를 이용한 집광형 고효율 태양전지가 차세대 태양전지로서 주목을 받기 시작하였다. GaAs를 주축으로 하는 고신뢰성 고효율 태양전지는 높은 가격으로 인해 응용이 제한되어왔으나, 고집광 기술을 접목하여 태양전지 재료 사용을 수 백배 이상 줄이면서도 동시에 효율을 극도로 향상시킴으로써 차세대 태양전지로 활발히 개발되고 있다. GaAs 기판을 이용한 다중접합의 태양전지는 n-type GaAs 기판 위에 버퍼 층, GaInP back surface field 층, GaAs p-n 접합, AlInP 창층, GaAs p-n 접합의 터널접합층, 상부전지로서 GaInP p-n 접합, AlInP 창층 순서로 epi-taxial structure를 형성하고 전극과 무반사막을 구성한다. 이러한 태양전지의 효율을 결정하는 요인 중, 상부 전극은 전기적 및 광학적 손실을 일으키는 원인으로써 최소화되어야 한다. 그런데 이러한 이중접합 화합물 태양전지에 집광한 태양광을 조사할 경우, 태양광을 집광한 만큼 전류가 증가하게 되며 증가한 전류가 전극에 흐르면서 전기적 효율 손실을 유발하게 된다. 따라서, 집광형 화합물 반도체 태양전지의 전극에 의한 손실에 대한 연구가 선행되어 저항에서 손실되는 전력을 최소화하여야만 전기적 손실이 낮은 고집광 태양전지 개발이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 전극 두께가 0.5${\mu}m$인 GaInP/GaAs 이중접합 태양전지 (효율 25.5% : AM1.5G)의 집광시 효율 변화에 대해서 연구하였다. 이후 이러한 효율 변화가 전극 구조의 최적화에 의해서 개선 될 수 있는지를 삼차원 모의실험을 통해서 확인하였다. 모의실험에는 Crosslight 사의 APSYS를 사용하였고, material parameter를 보정하여 실제 실험 결과에 근사 시킨 후 전극 구조에 대한 최적화를 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2012

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the associations between physical therapists' work-related musculoskeletal pain, quality of life (QoL), and presenteeism. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were given to 402 physical therapists in Korea. Variables examined included the prevalence of pain sites related to work, pain intensity, pain pattern, pain frequency, pain duration, pain rating score (PRS), general characteristics, QoL, and presenteeism. Results: Of the 314 physical therapists who responded, 251 (79.9%) reported work -related musculoskeletal pain in at least one body part. The most affected regions included the wrist and hand (21.0%), shoulder (19.6%), and lower back (19.1%). On average patients, QoL and presenteeism differed significantly between physical therapists who reported pain and those who did not (P < 0.05). QoL showed a negative correlation with the work-related musculoskeletal pain (P < 0.01) and presenteeism (P < 0.01), while the presenteeism and work-related musculoskeletal pain showed positive one(P < 0.01). Factors influencing a physical therapist's QoL included presenteeism, Working venues (Convalescent hospital), Work status (Contra ct worker) and professional experience, while the presenteeism included QoL, work status (Intern), PRS, working venues (Convalescent hospital), Area of specialty (Pediatrics), age, sex and working hour. Conclusions: Results show that physical therapists appear to be at a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, administrators need to use the intervention strategies to manage the presenteeism and QoL of physical therapists.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.661-668
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• 2016

Objectives: To describe the effect of traditional Korean medicine and treatment on Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS).Methods: A 54-year-old woman diagnosed with MFS presented with eyeball dysfunction, diplopia, vertigo, right facial palsy, and back dysesthesia. The patient had been treated with immunoglobulin for 21 d, but her symptoms failed to improve. Thus, herbal medicine, acupuncture, electropuncture, pharmacopuncture, and moxibustion were added. Length of eyeball movement, distance that the patient recognize double images in the eyes and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) are measures for the syndrome.Results: The symptoms of the patient considerably improved, with the return of eyeball movement to normal and disappearance of diplopia.Conclusions: The results suggest that Korean medicine may be an effective therapy for MFS.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

Recently, in distribution market, demand for electronic shelf label system is increasing gradually to provide the accurate price immediately and detailed product information to consumers and reduce operation costs. Most of electronic shelf label system companies develop the full-graphic display device to display a wide variety of product information as well as the exact price. Our system had introduced Go-Back-N retransmission method in the early. However, we encountered performance problems that it delayed updating of the electronic shelf label system and exhausted the battery life time. Proposed adaptive image retransmission technique based on the selective scheme is that tags of electronic shelf label system recognize idle time of transmission cycle and require partial image retransmission to sever by itself. As a result, it can acquire much more opportunities of partial image retransmission within the same period and increase reception rate of full image for each tags. The experimental result shows that adaptive image retransmission technique's reception rate of full image for each tags is approximately 4% higher than existing previous works. And total battery life time increases 30 hours because tag reduce wake-up time as it receive only lost data instead of whole data.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.767-777
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• 1999

인과적 메시지 로깅 기법은 정상프로세스를 역전(roll-back)시키거나 메시지의 저장을 위해 프로세스의 수행을 중단시키지 않는 장점을 지니고 있지만, 메시지의 크기가 지나치게 커진다는 단점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인과적 메시지 로깅 기법의 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 로그 상속의 개념을 정의하고 로그 연혁을 이용하여 로그 비용, 특히 로그 크기 면에서 효율적인 로깅 기법을 제안한다. 또한 이 로깅 알고리즘을 이용하여 복구시 메시지의 수와 크기를 줄여 복구시간을 줄이는 효율적인 복구 알고리즘을 제안하고, 제안한 알고리즘이 메시지 로그 크기 면에서 효율적임을 증명한다. 또 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 두 가지 종류의 모의 실험을 수행하여 기존의 로깅 프로토콜과 메시지 크기 면에서의 성능을 비교한 결과를 제시하였다.Abstract Causal message logging has many good properties such as nonblocking message logging and no rollback propagation. However, it requires a large amount of information to be piggybacked on each message, which may incur severe performance degradation. This paper presents an efficient causal logging algorithm based on the new message log structure, LogOn, which represents the causal inter-process dependency relation with much smaller overhead compared to the existing algorithms. The proposed algorithm is efficient in the sense that it entails no additional information other than LogOn to be carried in each message, while other existing algorithms require extra information other than the message logs. This paper also presents an efficient recovery algorithm to solve the problem of a large amount of data exchanges during the recovery. To verify the performance of our algorithm, we give an analysis of the algorithm and perform two simulations and compare the log size with other causal logging protocols.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-61
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to explore the essence and meaning of the experience of 'aging', as a process of 40's and 50's women in Korea by applying the Parse's Human Becoming theory (2002). Methods: Data was collected from February to April, 2013, using the phenomenological research method. Data was collected through in-depth informal interview and analyzed following Colaizzi method. After IRB permission and informed consent from the participants, all interviews were recorded with MP3 recorder and transcribed for analysis. Results: Data analysis revealed 112 of meanings, 33 key subject words, 8 subject phrases, and 4 categories. The main themes were elaborated as 'going down' ('Being changed of body and mind', 'Being considered on my identity'), 'going up' ('Being expanded of productive role', 'Being transcendent multi-dimensionally'), 'pausing' ('Becoming more thoughtful about family', 'Looking back'), 'going forward again' ('Age is just a number, 'Contemplating of life and death'). Experiences in aging among women in 40's and 50's enlightened with Parse's theory of Human Becoming in terms of 'going down', 'going up', 'pausing', 'going forward again' appeared simultaneously, rather than consecutively. Conclusion: Women in 40's and 50's require holistic nursing intervention with physical, psychological, socio-economical, and spiritual aspects, rather than focusing on problematic physical symptom relief and prevention of further conditions. It is recommended to develop various nursing intervention considering on different environment, type of experience, and level of human becoming, individually.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.543-547
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• 2019

Toxoplasma gondii can infect humans worldwide, causing serious diseases in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. T. gondii rhoptry protein 13 (ROP13) is known as one of the key proteins involved in host cell invasion. In this study, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine expressing T. gondii rhoptry ROP13 and investigated VLPs vaccine efficacy in mice. Mice immunized with ROP13 VLPs vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA antibody responses following boost immunization and challenge infection, whereas antibody inductions were insignificant upon prime immunization. Differing immunization routes resulted in differing antibody induction, as intranasal immunization (IN) induced greater antibody responses than intramuscular immunization (IM) after boost and challenge infection. IN immunization induced significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA antibody responses from feces, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), $CD4^+$ T, $CD8^+$ T cells and germinal center B cell responses in the spleen compared to IM immunization. Compared to IM immunization, IN immunization resulted in significantly reduced cyst counts in the brain as well as lesser body weight loss, which contributed to better protection. All of the mice immunized through either route survived, whereas all na?ve control mice perished. These results indicate that the ROP13 VLPs vaccine could be a potential vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.73-79
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide Korean version of mild traumatic brain injury assessment tool. Methods The original version of acute concussion evaluation (ACE) was translated into Korean, and it was then back-translated into English without any prior knowledge of ACE. Finally, the pre-final version of Korean version of acute concussion evaluation (K-ACE) was derived. 49 Korean patients who had been diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury participated in the study and completed K-ACE. Overall, 44 data were used to analyze findings. Validity of the study was assessed based on Concurrent validity. Reliability was also evaluated using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value for each item presented a proper level of internal consistency with results of 0.711 to 0.893 in two evaluations, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the retest reliability was marked as 0.892 (95% CI 0.840~0.933). Concurrent validity demonstrated positive correlations between K-ACE and Korean version of postconcussional syndrome questionnaire. Conclusions The K-ACE is concluded as a valid and reliable tool for measuring mild traumatic brain injury and post-concussion symptoms. Upon completion of the follow-up study, the K-ACE will be well-utilized by both clinicians and researchers.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.841-850
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the effects of traditional Korean medicine as a treatment for the pain of a compression fracture in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: A 60-year-old male patient with a compression fracture was treated with herbal medicines, acupuncture, and pharmacopuncture for 25 days. His chief complaints were severe low back pain, pain and numbness in both legs, and right groin pain. The effect of treatment was evaluated by the numerical rating scale (NRS) score for pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, and blood test results (CBC-diff count, CRP, ESR, etc.). Results: After 25 days of inpatient treatment, the patient's pain was controlled. The NRS and ODI scores were lower and most pathological symptoms had decreased. Conclusions: Traditional Korean medicine can be a solution for patients with compression fractures arising from metastasis of prostate cancer to the spine.