• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.1 s.96
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

The biological activities of extracts from the fruit, stem, and leaf of Hovenia dulcis were examined. In the batch mode of operation, the fruit, stem, and leaf of Hovenia dulcis were extracted with hot water for 10 hr. The fruit extract of Hovenia dulcis gave the highest activity for decreasing alcohol concentration which was 138% of control. The equilibrium between bioactive compound in the fruit (size : 4 mm) and hot water solution was reached within 6 hr and the recovery was 95% by three-times extraction. The fruit extract of Hovenia dulcis showed significant alcohol decrease in blood and hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4$-toxicity in rat. The fruit extract significantly inhibited the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-63
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• 2015

A floristic, field research was conducted from March 2005 to October 2012 the Woraksan National Park (N $36^{\circ}46^{\prime}{\sim}36^{\circ}59^{\prime}$, E $128^{\circ}02^{\prime}{\sim}128^{\circ}19^{\prime}$) to characterize the flora of the region. Especially, we divided the surveyed region into nine representative collection areas based on floristic components were compared and analyzed. This field study discovered significant plants in various categories. The 41 surveys revealed that the vascular plants in this region comprised 815 taxa: 116 families, 429 genera, 717 species, 4 subspecies, 78 varieties and 16 forms. In this study, 80 taxa were firstly recorded from this region. Korean endemic plants numbered 22 taxa, and the fifteen taxa rare plants designated by Korean Forest Service as were found in this region. The taxa in the category II of rare and endangered plants and the taxa with the higher rank than the third degree among the floristic regional indicator plants designated by Korean Ministry of Environment were one and 56, respectively. From a geographical perspective, limited distributions of Matteuccia struthiopteris, Spiraea trichocarpa, and Aster tataricus at a latitudes higher than that of Woraksan National Park. Moreover, this study has confirmed that the Woraksan National Park is the species diversity center for Asarum koreanum, Elsholtzia angustifolia, and Allium linearifolium in the central province of the Korean peninsula. Inaddition, the naturalized plants of 54 taxa were recorded.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

Objectives : This is what tries to study irregular pairs between five viscera and five tatstes. And than tries to make convincing explanation. Methods : We analysed "SuWen ZangQiFaShiLun素問 藏氣法時論", "YiXueQiYuan醫學啓源", "TangYeBenCao湯液本草", "BenCaoGangMu 本草綱目" and "FuXingJueZangFuYongYaoFaYao輔行訣臟腑用藥法要". We found difference and similarities between these books. Result & Conclusions : "YiXueQiYuan", "TangYeBenCao", "BenCaoGangMu" inherit pairs between five viscera and five tatstes from "ZangQiFaShiLun". "YiXueQiYuan" had added examples of herbs to "ZangQiFaShiLun". "TangYeBenCao" had added examples of priscriptions to "ZangQiFaShiLun". "BenCaoGangMu" had added examples of herbs to "ZangQiFaShiLun". But new pairs between five viscera and five tatstes had suggested in the "FuXingJueZangFuYongYaoFaYao". We think that the new pairs are more logical than the others.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2019

In this study, we designed a blending algorithm for rate adaptive pacing for cardiac pacemaker. Generally, rate adaptive pacing (RAP) is applied to patients whose heart rate does not rise during exercise for chronotropic incompetence (CI) patient. It is very important to develop an algorithm for RAP that can be properly applied to CI patients. In order to design an RAP algorithm we used dual sensors. Firstly, we designed a bio-signal measurement system based on the dual sensors, which are accelerometer and respiratory system. Secondly, we conducted treadmill test for the simulation experiment while using 3-lead ECG as reference. Finally, we designed a blending algorithm based on activation state of the dual sensors. The proposed blending algorithm was subdivided into three sections based on the accelerometer signal, which are rapidly increased section (W1), hardly changed section (W2), and decreased section (W3). Each weight is set aside for each section. To evaluate this algorithm, ten healthy adult males were participated. The correlation and Root Mean Square Error between the proposed algorithm and the reference were compared, and shown to be r=0.88 and 2.82 bpm, respectively. These results show that the proposed blending algorithm of dual sensors enables proper tracking of the heart rate during exercise. Also, it shows the possibility that the proposed blending algorithm can be applied to improve quality of life of the chronotropic incompetence patient.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.600-603
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• 1996

The methanol extract of Aralia elata bark showed antimicrobial activities against bacteria, yeast and fungi. The active components were successively purified with solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, silica gel partition column chromatography and HPLC. The active substances were separated with HPLC where 1% acetic acid-MeOH (60 : 40, v/v) was used as mobile phase. The isolated active substance ($t_r$ 17.1 min) was identified as trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid by $MS,\;^1H-NMR\;and\;^13C-NMR$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2015

An unrecorded variety, Viola betonicifolia var. albescens (Nakai) F. Maek. & T. Hashim., was reported from Jeonju, Imsil, and Jinan in Jeollabukdo province, Korea. Viola betonicifolia var. albescens shares several characteristics with its related species V. patrinii Ging. (i.e., white flowers, long triangular blades, winged petioles, green pedicels, and a rounded sepal appendage), but is distinct from V. patrinii, which has a glabrous winged petiole, colorless upper petals, glabrous upper petals, and higher elevation habitats, in that it has a pubescent winged petiole, striate-colored upper petals, bearded upper petals, and lower elevation habitats. It is also distinguished from V. lactiflora Nakai, which has glabrous wingless petioles, red pedicels, and a toothed sepal appendage.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.215-230
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• 2023

Objectives : Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill contains many nutrients and exhibits high physiological functions. It has been shown that Schisandra seed and pamace contains more nutrients than fruits and thus have higher antioxidant efficacy. In this study, seed and pamace of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SPSC) were treated with hot-melt extrudate (HME) extrusion to produce water-soluble nanoparticles. Methods : SPSC was treated with HME to prepare nanoparticles. In this process, excipients (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, pullulan, 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, lecithin) were added to prepare a hydrophilic polymer matrix. To compare and analyze the antioxidant effect and schizandrin content, total flavonoid content, total phenol content and ABTS assay were measured. To confirm the effect of increasing the water solubility of the particles, particle size and water solubility index measurements were performed. The molecular of the material was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results : The particle size of HME extrudates decreased, while total phenols, flavonoids, schizandrin, antioxidant effect, and solubility increased. Through FT-IR, it was confirmed that the SPSC and the extrudate exhibit the same chemical properties. In addition, it was confirmed that when extracted with water, it exhibited a higher antioxidant effect than the ethanol extract. Conclusions : HME technology increased the solubility of SPSC, which are processing by-products, and improved their antioxidant effect to a higher degree. It was confirmed that SPSC could be used as an eco-friendly, high value-added material.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2002

Epimedium koreanum Nakai(EKN) has traditionally been well-known as a herbal medicine for the promotion of stamina and the improving sexual activity of human in oriental countries including Korea and China. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of EKN water-extract(0.025%,w/v) on age-related change of xenobiotic metabolizing system in rat liver. Long-term supply of the EKN extract to rats did not induce any discernible signs. However, the mass of liver and kidney were slightly increased by the dietary supplementation. Level of cytochrome P450, NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, P450 dependent ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase benzphetamine N-demethylase and glutathione-S-transferase in liver were decreased with age, but, these activities in 24 months of age were declined more in rats supplied with EKN extract. Level of cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase were also decreased with age, however, there was no significant difference between with and without EKN extract. These results indicate that long-term supplementation of EKN extract to rats from weaning to 24 months may be a burden on the liver function in old age, and may aggregate the decline of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes activities in old age.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2016

Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. is a Korean native tree, which is deciduous and shrub tree with broad leaf. Fruits were used primarily for edible or medicinal purposes for bladder infection in Korea and China. However, there is a lack of information on the degree of variation of phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of these native clonal. We investigated morphological characteristics, phytochemical contents (polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin) and antioxidant activity for the fruits of 24 individual variation from 4 different regions in Korea. The results in terms of horticultural traits and biochemical characteristics showed significant differences among populations and among individuals within population. The total phenolic contents ranged from 4.40 to 10.58 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid contents ranged from 2.02 to 8.09 mg NE/g. The total anthocyanin contents ranged from 232.5 to 684.3 mg CGE/100g. Reducing power fruits ranged from 0.15 to 1.43 and DPPH free radical scavenging activity ranged from 49.1 to 97.5% at 400 ppm. Results revealed that the region of origin greatly influenced the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of V. oldhamii, which might help for the selection and validation of the most productive cultivars in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.126-137
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• 2023

Paddy fields provide important habitats for biodiversity conservation within the agricultural ecosystem. Their importance is gradually increasing as their ecological value is better understood. Benthic macroinvertebrates dominate paddy fields. They play an essential role in maintaining the biodiversity of paddy ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities and main environmental factors affecting the distribution of golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata). Results showed that the diversity index (H') of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was the highest at the Sangju site (St. 12) but the lowest at the Sancheong site (St. 18). Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), salinity, and Electrical Conductivity (EC) values were the highest in Gimhae and Yeongam based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Numbers of P. canaliculata (m-2) were relatively low in Gunsan and Iksan where water temperatures were high. Therefore, changes in geographical characteristics and environmental factors might affect the distribution of P. canaliculata and characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Results of this study can be used as primary data for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service evaluation in agroecosystems.