• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.114-119
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• 2002

This research was performed to investigate the immnomodulative effects of ploysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of Agarcus blazei cultivated with the media which are fermented with sugar cane bagasse containing Pueraria thunbergiana in open-air storage. In MTT test, methanol extracts from the fruiting body of A. blazei cultivated with P. thunbergiana media showed in colon carcinoma line(HT29) by 1.5∼3.5 fold and human heptoma cell line (HepG2) by 1.3 ∼2.4 fold antitumor activites compared to two types media (rice straw plus sugar cane bagasse, rice straw only) often used in the fauns. To clarify the antimutagenic principles, three extracts, Ab-l, Ab-2 and Ab-3, were separated by the solvent fractionations such as hot water, cold & hot sodium hydroxide respectively, and their antimutagenic effects was determined against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-cnitrso-guanidine(MNNG) using Salmonella typhymurium. There was no significant differencies of inhibition levels among the used media, but Ab-3 tractions still showed a high antimutagenicity in the Ames test regardless of cultivating areas or media. To prove the cell immunofunction, nitric oxide (NO) produced from Raw 264.7 matrophage cultured with three fractions (Ab-l, Ab-2, Ab-3) was measured, and showed generally increase about 45 ∼58 percent compared to another two media (rice straw plus sugar cane bagasse, rice straw only), in the fraction of hot alklai extracts of the fruiting body cultivated with P. thunbergiana, which means that the media selection could be very important factors for improving medicinal effects in agaricus blazei fruiting body.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

This study has an objective not only to be helpful to the understanding about students' career and employment preparation by investigating the present conditions which are related with vocational consciousness and job values of dental hygiene department graduating students. Study subjects were 350 female graduating students in 3-year-course College, dental hygiene department at five areas of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon and Gyeongnam. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 19.0. Regarding job values, job prospect of dental hygienist is a little developmental (55.2%) and institution hoping to work is dental clinic (43.2%), reasons for employment in major area are good wage and working environment (24.0%). And regarding opinion about job, dental hygienist job is a measure for living income (69.7%). Regarding job selection conditions, 35.0% subjects replied good human relationship. In the questionnaires regarding professional job in vocational consciousness category, results showed high percentages in that 'the occupation is a job in charge of oral health improvement'; regarding academic area, 'scaling should be done better than dentist'; regarding human relationship, 'harmony between colleagues is closely related with job efficiency'; regarding work ethics, 'development of dental hospital (clinic) and dental hygienist is correlated.' In vocational consciousness of study subjects, higher major satisfaction showed significant differences in professional job consciousness and work ethics consciousness (p<0.05) and the correlation results in vocational consciousness areas showed all statistically significant correlations (p<0.01). In case that the characteristic in one type is higher among 4 types, all other types showed high characteristics and also showed high general vocational consciousness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2015

Thanks to recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, diverse livestock species have been dissected at the genome-wide sequence level. As for cattle, there are currently four Korean indigenous breeds registered with the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju Heugu. These native genetic resources were recently whole-genome resequenced using various NGS technologies, providing enormous single nucleotide polymorphism information across the genomes. The NGS application further provided biological such that Korean native cattle are genetically distant from some cattle breeds of European origins. In addition, the NGS technology was successfully applied to detect structural variations, particularly copy number variations that were usually difficult to identify at the genome-wide level with reasonable accuracy. Despite the success, those recent studies also showed an inherent limitation in sequencing only a representative individual of each breed. To elucidate the biological implications of the sequenced data, further confirmatory studies should be followed by sequencing or validating the population of each breed. Because NGS sequencing prices have consistently dropped, various population genomic theories can now be applied to the sequencing data obtained from the population of each breed of interest. There are still few such population studies available for the Korean native cattle breeds, but this situation will soon be improved with the recent initiative for NGS sequencing of diverse native livestock resources, including the Korean native cattle breeds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2010

To monitor newly emerged influenza virus variants and to investigate the prevalence pattern, our laboratory performed isolation of the viruses from surveillance sentinel hospitals. In the present study, we analysed influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B viruses isolated in Busan during the 2006/07 and 2007/08 seasons by sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA1 subunit) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. The isolates studied here were selected by the stratified random sample method from a total of 277 isolates, in which 15 were A/H1N1, 16 were A/H3N2 and 29 were B. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the HA1 gene showed that A/H1N1 isolates had a 96.7% to 97.7% homology with the A/Brisbane/59/2007, A/H3N2 isolates had a 98.4% to 99.7% homology with the A/Brisbane/10/2007, and B isolates had a 96.5% to 99.7% homology with the B/Florida/4/2006(Yamagata lineage), which are all the vaccine strains for the Northern Hemisphere in 2008~2009 season. In the case of the NA gene, A/H1N1 isolates had 97.8% to 98.5% homologies, A/H3N2 isolates had 98.9% to 99.4% homologies, and B isolates had 98.9% to 100% homologies with each vaccine strain in the 2008~2009 season, respectively. Characterization of the hemagglutinin gene revealed that amino acids at the receptor-binding site and N-linked glycosylation site were highly conserved. These results provide useful information for the control of influenza viruses in Busan and for a better understanding of vaccine strain selection.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.854-862
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• 2013

The number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae is known to be an unfixed trait among mammals. This study focused on the relationship between numerical variations of cervical (CER), thoracic (THO), and lumbar (LUM) vertebrae and the total number of vertebrae (TNV) and carcass traits in Jejunative black pigs (JBPs), Landrace pigs, and their intercrossed $F_2$ population. There were no numerical variations in CER vertebrae. On the other hand, the numbers of THO and LUM vertebrae and the TNV varied in all three populations. Of the traits investigated in the three populations, only the means${\pm}$SE of the LUM vertebrae did not show statistical significance (p>0.05). The carcass weights (CW), meat color (MC), marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BFT), carcass length (CLE), THO vertebrae, and TNV all showed statistical significance (p<0.05). The JBP had 14-16 THO vertebrae, 5-6 LUM vertebrae, and 27-29 TNV. The Landrace pigs had 15-16 THO vertebrae, 5-7 LUM vertebrae, and 28-29 TNV. The $F_2$ population had 14-17 THO vertebrae, 5-7 LUM vertebrae, and 27-30 TNV. In the F2 population, increased numbers of THO vertebrae and TNV were associated with a significant increase in the CW, CLE, and BFT (p<0.05). In particular, the increase in the TNV was caused by an increase in the number of THO rather than LUM vertebrae. Although the animals with a greater number of THO and TNV had thicker backfat, they had a longer CLE and a heavier CW. Both these traits are economically more important than the level of backfat when determining the productivity level. These results suggest that genetic selection to increase the number of vertebrae, especially in Landrace pigs, JBPs, and their related populations, may be an excellent strategy for improving productivity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1220-1232
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• 2018

The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, bone regeneration in rabbit maxillary sinuses with an anorganic bovine graft (Bio-Oss) and a ${\beta}-tricalcium$ phosphate (${\beta}-TCP$) grafting. Bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed in 12 adult male rabbits. Rectangular replaceable bony windows were made with a piezoelectric thin saw insert. In the Bio-Oss group, Bio-Oss was grafted and in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group, ${\beta}-TCP$ was grafted and covered by replaceable bony windows. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the surgical procedure. The augmented sinuses were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stains and also by immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), type I collagen, and osteocalcin content. Histologically, new bone formation was found on the surface of Bio-Oss and ${\beta}-TCP$ particles from 2 weeks and continued to 8 weeks. Significant higher new bone formation was revealed in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group than in the Bio-Oss group at 8 weeks. The amount of graft materials was significantly decreased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group and the number of osteoclasts was significantly increased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group from 4 to 8 weeks. Immunoreactivity to PCNA was reduced at 8 weeks. The expression of type I collagen was significantly increased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group at 2 weeks, but was significantly increased in the Bio-Oss group at 8 weeks. Immunoreactivity to osteocalcin was increased from 2 to 8 weeks. These histological results can help in the selection of graft materials for implants. Both Bio-Oss and ${\beta}-TCP$ are proven graft materials, however, these results indicate that ${\beta}-TCP$ showed better bone regeneration results in rabbit maxillary sinus augmentation.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2002

DR has had an important fact not only in the department of radiology but also in productivity or work efficiency of a whole hospital. The environment of DR has more various parameter than CR, so it is able to supply high quality of medical services. The current environment of radiology department in each hospital has been changed from Film-Screen system to DR through Full-PACS. This hospital which uses Full-PACS became to study the proper condition of CR and DDR and how the image quality of them is expressed among general photographing systems in the DR environment. From this experiment, the image quality of DDR is better than CR under the same exposure condition. And in the DDR system, the score of image which uses AEC is a little higher than the score which doesn't use it. Especially it can be known that the function of AEC of DDR is useful to improve the image quality in the part of skull and chest. (The function of AEC : It is the tool that detects the ionized current of x-ray which goes through objects with using the ion chamber which is in the detector. Also it controls the examination of X-ray when the proper density is reached.) Because the proper degree of density can be represented by this system, the photographing can be taken much easily without consideration of the exposure condition with the thickness of various objects. From the result of this experiment, it can be known that the selection of proper exposure condition plays an important rule to gain good Image Quality. More researches will be necessary about DDR system which has potential ability in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-85
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• 2002

This study was carried out to provide basic data for water environmental control and conservation, and to elucidate monthly water environmental factor, phytoplankton flora and dominant species that each stations was maked a selection of a sites by represent 3 branch-river in the Taejon area from Nov. 1997 to Dec. 1998. Range of water temperature was $2.4^{\circ}C{\sim}30.9^{\circ}C$(means of $16.02^{\circ}C{\sim}18.92^{\circ}C$), pH was 7.1~10.4(means of 7.40~8.68). BOD was generally under $5mg/{\ell}$ except Gap-chon kyo in Nov. and COD was measured highly by interfer of men at the each sites. Especially, occasion of Gap-chon kyo, data was estimated about 3~13 times higher than another sites. DO was showed 1.03~10.43ppm, SS was showed $1.0{\sim}120.0mg/{\ell}$ TN was that, upper stream was 0.63ppm, middle was 0.35ppm and then lower was 0.44ppm, upper stream was higher than lower. TP was at upper stream 0.03ppm, middle 0.05ppm, lower 0.06ppm, lower stream was higher than another. The phytoplankton flora was identified as total 230 taxa composed of 7 classes, 18 oders 35 families, 75 genara, 184 species, 42 virieties, 4 forms. There are composed of that, Chlorophyceae 94 taxa(40.9%), Bacillariophyceae 66 taxa(28.8%), Euglenophyceae 39 taxa(17.0%), Cyanophyceae 24 taxa(10.4%), Chrysophyceae 4 taxa(1.7%), Rhodophyceae 2 taxa(0.8%) Xanthophyceae 1 taxa(0.4%), composition of Spesies of each sites was Gapchon-kyo 119, Wonchon-kyo 94, Gasuwon-kyo and Mannyon-kyo 87, Ochung-kyo 78, Hyunam-kyo and Suchim-kyo 77, Moonchang-kyo 70 taxa and Sansung-kyo 58 taxa. Number of species was showed tendency of increase lower stream. Taejon-chon and youdung-chon and at the sites of confluence were presented Synedra ulna and Diatom vugare like bacillariophyceae, Gap-chon was dominated variously Oscillatoria princeps and chlorophyceae, confluence of 3 branch-river was presented Euglenophyceae.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 2002

As a result of genome projects, the research to elucidate the function of a protein of interest has recently been well-recognized. In order to facilitate functional genomics, a useful mammalian gene expression vector is required. Using an infectious CDNA clone of BVDV pNADLclns-, we have developed a mammalian gene expression vector. In this study, a replication-competent full-length infectious CDNA clone containing puremycin acetyltransferase (pac) gene (pNADLclns-/pac) was successfully generated. The viral RNA replication and viral protein NS3 synthesis were examined by detecting metabollically $^{32}P$-labelled genomic viral RNA and immunoblotting with a mouse anti-NS3 antibody. To generate viral replicon as an expression vector, we examine if the viral structural genes (C, E0, El, E2) are required for viral replication by deletion analysis. As a result, all of the structural proteins are dispensable for viral replication per se, but essential for infectious viral particle formation. Based on our deletion analysis, we have generated a replication-competent BVDV viral replicon (pNADLclns-/pac/${\Delta}S$), whose structural genes are all deleted. In addition to NADLclns- /pac/${\Delta}S$, NADLclns-/ luc/${\Delta}S$ viral replicon containing luciferase gene as a reporter was constructed and fecund to be replication-compotent in HeLa and BHK cells as well as MDBK cells. Therefore, BVDV viral replicon developed in our study will be a useful tool to express a protein of interest in various mammalian cells.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

This study carried a comparative analysis of quality of living perceived by cancer and hospiece patients who received radiotheraphy, and influential factors in order to provide basic data for nursing goals and establishment of strategy. The subjects of the study were 50 cancer patients who were more than twenty years old and was receiving radiotheraphy in therapeutic radiology department of C university hospital, and fourteen hospiece patients who were in J hospital in Gwangju. They were conveniently sampled according to the selection standard, and researchers personally interviewed them using questionnaire and patient scripts to obtain necessary data. The results were presented as follows: 1. When cancer and hospiece patients were examined demographically, the number of 60 year-old patients were the most. The subjects whose marriage period was more than thirty-one years were the most. In medical expense, more than $70.0\%$ of the patients bore their expenses themselves. 2. When disease-related characteristics of the cancer and pospiece patients were exmained, more than $75\%$ of the patients had experience of being in hospital, and more than $60.0\%$ experienced operation. However, for prevalence period, $57.5\%$ of the cancer patients had less than six months, and $64.3\%$ of the hospiece patients had more than two years. 3. For physical symptoms of cancer patients, $77.5\%$ had fatigue, $60.0\%$ had loss of appetite, and $52.5\%$ had loss of weight while for the hospiece patients, $100\%$ had loss of weight, and $92.9\%$ had fatigue and loss of appetite. For the cancer patients, $0.0\%$ had swelling, and $7.5\%$ had bleeding, For the hospiece patients, $7.1\%$ had change in skin, and $14.3\%$ had diarrhea. 4. Mean score of the cancer subjects were as follows: family support, social support, emotional and spiritual support, physical symptoms, and periods were 3.87, 2.88, 3.10, 2.80, and 2.94 respectively. Those of the hospiece patients were 3.80, 1.96, 1.58, 2.64 and 3.24 respectively. 5. Mean score of family support of both patients were almost identical, but in character, a considerable difference was found: 3.10 and 1.58. In qualify of living, the mean score of hospiece patients was slightly lower.