A Comparative Study on the Quality of Living for Therapeutic Cancer and Hospiece Patients

치료 암환자와 호스피스 환자에 대한 삶의 질 비교

This study carried a comparative analysis of quality of living perceived by cancer and hospiece patients who received radiotheraphy, and influential factors in order to provide basic data for nursing goals and establishment of strategy. The subjects of the study were 50 cancer patients who were more than twenty years old and was receiving radiotheraphy in therapeutic radiology department of C university hospital, and fourteen hospiece patients who were in J hospital in Gwangju. They were conveniently sampled according to the selection standard, and researchers personally interviewed them using questionnaire and patient scripts to obtain necessary data. The results were presented as follows: 1. When cancer and hospiece patients were examined demographically, the number of 60 year-old patients were the most. The subjects whose marriage period was more than thirty-one years were the most. In medical expense, more than $70.0\%$ of the patients bore their expenses themselves. 2. When disease-related characteristics of the cancer and pospiece patients were exmained, more than $75\%$ of the patients had experience of being in hospital, and more than $60.0\%$ experienced operation. However, for prevalence period, $57.5\%$ of the cancer patients had less than six months, and $64.3\%$ of the hospiece patients had more than two years. 3. For physical symptoms of cancer patients, $77.5\%$ had fatigue, $60.0\%$ had loss of appetite, and $52.5\%$ had loss of weight while for the hospiece patients, $100\%$ had loss of weight, and $92.9\%$ had fatigue and loss of appetite. For the cancer patients, $0.0\%$ had swelling, and $7.5\%$ had bleeding, For the hospiece patients, $7.1\%$ had change in skin, and $14.3\%$ had diarrhea. 4. Mean score of the cancer subjects were as follows: family support, social support, emotional and spiritual support, physical symptoms, and periods were 3.87, 2.88, 3.10, 2.80, and 2.94 respectively. Those of the hospiece patients were 3.80, 1.96, 1.58, 2.64 and 3.24 respectively. 5. Mean score of family support of both patients were almost identical, but in character, a considerable difference was found: 3.10 and 1.58. In qualify of living, the mean score of hospiece patients was slightly lower.

본 연구에서는 치료 암 환자와 호스피스를 받는 환자들을 비교 분석하여 방사선 치료환자의 삶의 질을 평가하는 연구방향을 모색하고자 한다. 연구 대상자는 광주소재의 C 병원의 치료방사선과에서 치료받은 20세 이상의 암 환자 50명과 J병원에 입원한 호스피스 환자 14명을 선정하였다. 선정기준에 적합한 환자를 대상으로 개별면담에 의한 설문지 조사와 환자 기록지를 검토해 상관관계를 비교하여 필요한 자료를 얻었고 결과는 아래과 같다. 1. 암 환자와 호스피스 환자의 인구학적 특성은 60세 이상이 가장 많았고, 결혼기간은 30년 이상이 가장 많았다. 치료비 부담은 $70\%$이상이 본인이 부담자였다 2. 암 환자와 호스피스 환자의 질병관련특성은 $75\%$이상의 환자가 입원경험이 있었으며, $60\%$이상이 수술경험이 있었다. 그러나 유병기간별로는 6개월 이내가 $57.5\%$이고 2년 이상이 $64.3\%$였다. 3. 신체적 증상 호소율은 암 환자의 경우 $75.5\%$가 피로감을 $60\%$가 식욕감퇴를, $52.5\%$가 체중감소를 호소하였다. 호스피스 환자의 경우 $100\%$가 체중감소를 $92.9\%$가 피로 및 식욕감퇴를 호소하였다. 암 환자의 경우 부종은 $0\%,\;7.5\%$가 출혈을 보였고 호스피스 환자는 $7.1\%$가 피부의 변화를 $14.3\%$에서 설사가 나타났다. 4. 대상자의 가족지지, 사회적지지, 정서 및 영적지지, 신체적 증상, 주기전수의 삶의 질의 평균 평점은 암 환자가 각각 3.87, 2.88, 3.10, 2.80, 2.94로 나타났고 호스피스 환자는 3.80, 1.96, 1.58, 2.64, 3.24로 나타났다 5. 문항평균평점에서 암 환자와 호스피스환자의 가족지지는 거의 같았으나. 성격에서는 3.10과 1.58로 매우 큰 차이를 보였다. 삶의 질에서는 호스피스 환자의 평점이 조금 낮았다.