• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.98-104
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• 2019

Paju Mok was the local administrative office of the Joseon Dynasty as the administrative and transportation center of western part of Gyeonggi-do and used as a Haenggung when the king visited the royal tomb of the Joseon Dynasty. Paju Mok Government Office was adjacent to Uiju-ro, which connects Hanyang and Uiju in the Joseon Dynasty. Paju Mok Government Office is an important place in the northern part of Gyeonggi, where the king stayed when he visited the Jereung, Hulleung which are located in the northern part of Hwanghae Province and Paju Yeongreung and Jangneung, Paju Mok Government Office was maintained until the 1900s. After the Japanese colonial Period, Government Office buildings are used for other purposes, and their function as a Government office is impaired. In addition, most of the buildings disappeared due to the Korean War, and now the state of Paju Mok Government Office was lost. In order to restore the lost Paju Mok Government Office, it is necessary to study the composition of Government Office, such as the place where Paju Mok Government Office is located and major buildings. Therefore, if you find out the location Estimation, spatial composition and size of Paju Mok Government Office by analyzing and analyzing ancient documents and ancient books related to Paju Mok Government Office, and the topographic map and cadastral map and land survey department during the Japanese colonial period, you can be used as basic data when restoring Paju Mok Government Office.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

To be an adjunct professor(gyeomgyosu) literally means to act as an instructor while also holding a different position. Adjunct professors were initially introduced under Confucianism. Gradually, technical offices also appointed adjunct professors using Confucian-educated bureaucrats for the purpose of educating lower-level technical officials and cadets. This paper examines the history of the civil service system related to adjunct professors through the Code of Laws, and examines those who have been appointed to the public office described in various documents. This paper argues that changes in the medical office's adjunct professor system reflect changes in the national medical talent training policy. The main basis of specific recognizing medical personnel is to decouple the appointment of Confucian scholars from that of full-time doctors. The replacement of the role of medical educators from Confucian scholars to full-time doctors was largely accomplished during the reign of King Jungjong(中宗) and was completed during the period of King Injo(仁祖). The time when Euiyakdongcham was created and the Office of Euiyakdongcham was established coincided with the period when the adjunct professor was disrupted in the medical office. However, this change in the adjunct professor system of medical authorities is in contrast to interpretation, which is a representative technical field. In the case of interpretation, Moonshin's sayeogwon position as adjunct professor was maintained even in the late Joseon Dynasty, and apart from this, there was a hanhagmunsin in Seungmunwon. Interpreter families had institutional arrangements that prevented them from making interpretation their own monopoly. Therefore, families of medical bureaucrats had more room for institutional growth than those of bureaucratic interpreters. Of course, these institutional devices did not prevent the growth of interpreting bureaucratic families in the late Joseon Dynasty. However, the situation in which medicine was accepted only as a kind of knowledge, not as an object of full-time work for sadaebue, would have been an opportunity to rise for those in technical jobs who were full-time medicine. As medicine became more differentiated and developed in the late Joseon Dynasty, medical knowledge and the knowledge about the medical profession became more important. The politicians could not avoid the use of a philosophically oriented system in which a confucian-educated bureaucrat equipped with only Confucian knowledge might replace a full-time doctor. Thus, the contradiction between the reality and the ideal of ignoring or denying reality was reproduced like other Confucian-centered societies. These contradictions have implications for us living in the modern age. Establishing the relationship between philosophy (or belief) and technology should not end with the superiority of one side or the other.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2021

Our previous research on coprolite specimens from the mummies of Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910 CE) has revealed various species of parasite eggs. Herein, we added 2 new helminthic cases of human remains from Joseon-period graves in the Republic of Korea (Korea). The organic materials precipitated on the hip bones of 2 half-mummied cases (Goryeong and Gwangmyeong cases) were collected, rehydrated, and examined by a microscope. In the sample from Goryeong-gun (gun=County), ova of Trichuris trichiura, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metagonimus spp. were detected, and eggs of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides were found from the sample of Gwangmyeong-si (si=City). By adding this outcome to the existing data pool, we confirm our previous estimates of Joseon-period parasite infection rates. The overall rates of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and C. sinensis decreased dramatically from Joseon to the modern period. In Goryeong mummy specimen, we also found Metagonimus spp. eggs that has rarely been detected in archaeological samples so far.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.20
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• pp.61-76
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• 2018

The National Museum of Korea conducted conservation treatmenton the armor in its collection for the purposes of public display and appropriate preservation. This was preceded by a literature study on the types and features of the armor in order to collect basic data for secure and accurate conservation treatment. The literature study found that during the Joseon dynasty, armor was named in reflection of precise details including the color, material, status of the wearer, and even the certain parts of a suit of armor. In general, the name of armor includes the details in the order of color, underlying textile, and scale material (e.g., iron, leather). The former part of the name presents the features of the garment and the latter part refers to the material of the scales or the status of the wearer. The study also found that main materials used in armor include textiles, leather, and metal, and armor can be classified by the materials of the scales-e.g., metal armor (鐵甲), leather armor (皮甲), paper armor (紙甲), paper-and-fabric armor (淹心甲), silk armor (緞甲). Joseon-period armor can also be classified into four types according to its structure and the method of wearing, and overcoat(袍)-style armor was the most widely used in the period following the Japanese Invasion of Joseon (1592-1598) through the late nineteenth~early twentieth century. Overcoat-style armor was commonly worn by infantry, and the four examples of armor with leather scales at the National Museum of Korea belong to this category.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to look into the tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty in order to find the unique landscape traits of tea-drinking spaces of the era. A number of tea-drinking pictures were drawn during the Joseon Dynasty period and in most cases, the names of the painters are stated as well. These factors make tea-drinking pictures a seminal source that illustrates the landscape traits of the last Dynasty of Korea. For those pictures contain the main components of landscape such as the tastes of 'Yangban'(noblemen), natural characters, and space traits. Since tea was first introduced in Korea during the Three Kingdom Period, tea-drinking culture has a long history in the country. There have been various studies about tea and many study results have been presented. Few research, however, have looked into tea culture from the point of landscape. Under the premise that tea-drinking pictures of Joseon Dynasty can be a cultural code that explains Korean tea-drinking culture, this thesis looked into those pictures from various angles and analyzed them in order to elucidate the attributes of scenery components of tea-drinking spaces that Koreans have forged and developed, and following results could be found. The Landscape components illustrated in tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty can be divided into the element of architecture, the element of water, stone and plants. First, for the element of architecture, it was found that tea-drinking took place in anywhere in Korea without specific tea-drinking buildings or gardens unlike the case of Japan. This has to do with traits of Koreans who were not bound by formality and truly loved nature. Second, for the element of water, water contributed to making harmonious landscape. Third, for the element of stone, it was clear that stone had a practical role in providing comfortable place for lying and enjoying tea-drinking and scenery. Fourth, plants made elegant figure in the landscape and were planted in accordance with their inner meaning. Tea-drinking pictures of the Joseon Dynasty elucidates that when it comes to tea-drinking, Koreans were not obsessed with a formality of tea-drinking, or a set of tea ceremony, which is profoundly different with Japanese, and Koreans did not put a limit on a place for tea-drinking because for Koreans any place they sat could be a great place for tea-drinking.

• Strategy21
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• s.44
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• pp.177-212
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• 2018

The purpose of this article is to examine the 'Discussion of maritime defense' which began to be discussed from the late Goryeo dynasty to the early Joseon dynasty and the process of establishing a maritime defense system. Also it can identify changes in the aspects of the naval ship operation and their strategic tactics during the reign of King Sejong. Japanese raiders began a full-scale invasion from 1350 at the late Goryeo Dynasty, So the government realized the need to raise the 'Sea power' and to organize the maritime defense system for defending enemy invasion. for example, the reinforcement of naval forces, construction of warships, develoment of weapon systems and so on. which have achieved remarkable growth while continuing, have also been used to carry out a three-time 'Conquest of Daemado' in 1389, 1396, 1419. Until then, however, it is difficult to interpret that the naval forces had a systematic and organizational combat operation system. According to fighting patterns on combat reports before the early days of King Sejong's reign, Our naval forces had no advantage over the Japanese raiders in terms of their capabilities and tactics. Then, the period of King Sejong marked a watershed in maritime defense history. Based on accumulated experience of naval battles and force Projections, The paradigm shift of the naval strategic tactics for maritime defense has occurred. First, the capability of the naval vessels has improved. for example, ship speed, durability, and weather resistance. Through these efforts, navy forces were able to pursue and attack, destroy enemy's ships by taking advantage of the 'Ship speed superiority'. This has led to tactical shifts from defensive to offensive. Second, purpose to support offensive tactics, the government put a strategic plan into practice that is the forward depolyment of naval bases from the inland to the coast, considering the 'sea environment' and 'threat'. By doing so, Joseon dynasty was able to secure 'the command of the sea'. This may be a little different from the perception of the so-called 'peace period' that King Sejong's era. We need to remember that Joseon dynasty was working hard for its defense. When studying history of maritime defense, these strategic and tactical elements must be fully considered. Only then we can have a coherent understanding of the many naval battles in the past, including the Imjin War(1592-1598).

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Imwongyeongjeji, Administration of Our Daily Life in Woods and Fields, is a sort of encyclopedia compiled by Seo, Yoo Goo in Joseon Dynasty in the 19th century. This voluminous work is made up of 16 chapters with various references including many articles dealing with architecture. The chapter Seomyongji covering the daily necessities contains a number of methods and materials of building construction. The distinctive feature of these articles is that they are mostly from Joseon's books. It is not similar to other chapters which are made of quotations from Chinese books. Especially, he quoted many of articles about architecture from his own work Geumhwagyeongdokgi, Record of Plowing and Reading in Geumhwa. In addition, He selected only empirical knowledge, put it in the book, and commented on it in his judgment. These articles provide valuable information on architectural knowledge in late Joseon period.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.19-30
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• 2018

When identifying the dancheong during the Joseon Dynasty, a great number of the terms used [e.g., dancheong(丹靑), geumbyeok(金碧), danhwak(丹?), danbyeok(丹碧), dannok(丹綠), danchil(丹漆), hyuchil(?漆), hyudong(??), etc.] are found in literature records. However, the details are still veiled. This study investigated the characteristics of dancheong-related terms by analyzing their usages and contents based on literature records from the Joseon period. Architecturally, geumbyeok, danbyeok and dannok were used in temples, and dancheong was painted on walls. In the royal palace, danhwak was adopted while dancheong was also painted on these walls as well. Specifically, danchil was applied to the columns inside and outside buildings while hyudong was painted on rafter, walls and roof tiles. In addition, hyuchil was applied to the inside of the royal palace.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.522-537
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• 2020

The Joseon dynasty had close communication with the Ming and Qing dynasties on multiple levels. In the development process of furniture modeling design, the same cultural source and mutual communication, and the same factor was reflected in each other's furniture modeling. In this paper, "Furniture in the later Joseon Period" and "Ming style furniture" are taken as the research noumenon, table furniture as the specific research object, and from the perspective of "similarity" in the history of exchanges between the two countries, the overall modeling design and the local modeling design are selected to discuss the modeling design of traditional furniture in the two countries. In the analysis of specific research cases, there are similar genes in the overall modeling design of table furniture such as soban, warp bed and inkstone bed in the later Joseon Dynasty and table furniture such as kang, square table, wine table and incense table in the Ming and qing dynasties. In terms of local modeling, the appearance of similar desktop, cloud horn, leg, foot and other modeling designs better confirms the similarity in modeling design between the two countries. In this paper for "type of air hole" formative source speculated that traditional furniture is for Korean peninsula a tentative study of cultural studies. Considering the fact that the exchanges between Korea and China are expanding in many aspects, exploring the similarities in the traditional furniture will help to analyze the cultural exchanges between the two countries and promote the exchanges.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.80-97
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• 2023

By taking wallpaper specimens from Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace, and Chilgung Palace preserved from the late Joseon Dynasty to the present, we planned in this study to determine the types and characteristics of the paper used as wallpaper in the Joseon royal family. First, we confirmed the features of paper hanging in the palaces with old literature on the wallpaper used by the royal family based on archival research. Second, we conducted a field survey targeting the royal palaces whose construction period was relatively clear, and analyzed the first layer of wallpaper directly attached to the wall structure after sampling the specimens. Therefore, we confirmed that the main raw material was hanji, which was used as a wallpaper by the royal family, and grasped the types of substances(dyes and pigments) used to produce a blue color in spaces that must have formality by analyzing the blue-colored paper. Based on the results confirmed through the analysis, we checked documents and the existing wallpaper by comparing the old literature related to wallpaper records of the Joseon Dynasty palaces. We also built a database for the restoration of cultural properties when conserving the wallpaper in the royal palaces. We examined the changes in wallpaper types by century and the content according to the place of use by extracting wallpaper-related contents recorded in 36 cases of Uigwe from the 17th to 20th centuries. As a result, it was found that the names used for document paper and wallpaper were not different, thus document paper and wallpaper were used without distinction during the Joseon Dynasty. And though there are differences in the types of wallpaper depending on the period, it was confirmed that the foundation of wallpaper continued until the late Joseon Dynasty, with Baekji(white hanji), Hubaekji(thick white paper), jeojuji(common hanji used to write documents), chojuji(hanji used as a draft for writing documents) and Gakjang(a wide and thick hanji used as a pad). As a result of fiber identification by the morphological characteristics of fibers and the normal color reaction(KS M ISO 9184-4: Graph "C" staining test) for the first layer of paper directly attached to the palace wall, the main materials of hanji used by the royal family were confirmed and the raw materials used to make hanii in buildings of palaces based on the construction period were determined. Also, as a result of analyzing the coloring materials of the blue decorative paper with an optical microscope, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis(UV-Vis), and X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD), we determined that the type of blue decorative paper dyes and pigments used in the palaces must have formality and identified that the raw materials used to produce the blue color were natural indigo, lazurite and cobalt blue.