• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional training using a sliding rehabilitation machine (SRM) on the mobility of the ankle joint and balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The subjects consisted of 11 children who were diagnosed with spastic CP. They carried out the functional training using the SRM for 30 minutes, three times a week, for 8 weeks. Before and after all of the training sessions, the subjects were tested using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM), range of motion (ROM) in the ankle joint, the pennation angle of the gastrocnemius muscle and the fascicle length of gastrocnemius muscle were measured to determine the mobility of the ankle joint and balance ability. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the PBS and GMFM. The ROM of the ankle joint was significantly increased after the functional training using the SRM. Moreover, the fascicle length was increased and the pennation angle was decreased after the functional training using the SRM, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that functional training using the SRM may have some effect on the mobility of ankle joint and balance in children with CP. According to the results, this study could present an approach to the rehabilitation or treatment of children with CP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

Background: This study was conducted to examine the effect of application of trampolin training elderly women by position sense of knee joint and balance. Methods: Ten subjects with elderly women were randomly assigned to trampolin training group (n=5) or control group (n=5). Experimental group received for 15 minutes three times during 4 weeks. Outcomes was made using One-Leg Stance Test, Time Up and Go Test and position sense of knee joint. Assessment was before training and one week, two week, three week after training. Results: Applied to the trampolin training group showed significant differences in all tests and for the interaction between time and group (p<.05). Conclusions: Those results indicate that trampolin training is effective in elderly women to promoting a position sense of knee joint and balance ability.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.2345-2353
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• 2021

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of upper thoracic manipulation (UTM) and proprioceptive training versus proprioceptive training alone on forward head posture (FHP) and cervicocephalic joint position sense (CJPS) in asymptomatic university students during a short interval of time. Objectives: To evaluate whether the suggested combination would provide greater benefit, and be superior to proprioceptive training alone in improving proprioceptive acuity and head posture. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-three university student volunteers with asymptomatic FHP were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to a manipulation group (n=16) receiving UTM combined with proprioceptive training or a proprioception group (n=17) receiving proprioceptive training only. The intervention period lasted 5 weeks in total, and consisted of one 15 to 20-minute session per week. FHP and CJPS were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: A significant pre- to post-intervention decrease in FHP and joint position error was identified in both groups (P<.05). Subjects in the manipulation group demonstrated greater improvements in CJPS and head posture compared to the proprioception group (P<.05). Conclusion: These findings support employing either intervention for treating asymptomatic students with FHP. However, the addition of UTM to proprioceptive training was more effective than proprioceptive training alone in reducing joint position errors and improving head posture.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of strength training on knee joint torque during walking in an adolescent with trisomy-21 Down syndrome. One adolescent with Down syndrome and one normal child participated in this study. Strength training consisted of eight exercises: squat, hamstring curl, hip adduction, hip abduction, knee extension, toe raise, sit-ups, and hyperextension of the waist. The participant with Down syndrome was participated in strength training for 12 weeks, three times a week, three sets, 10-15 RM; resistance was adjusted according to the principle of progressive overload. To measure the effect of strength training, isokinetic strength variables and knee joint torques were measured before training and after 12 weeks of training. The participant with Down syndrome had some abnormalities in controlling knee motion during walking due to muscle hypotonia, ligament laxity, and weakness of muscles. Post-training isokinetic strength increased compared to pre-training measurements. Knee range of motion were increased after strength training. Strength training did not affect ad/adduction and in/exteranl moments but did have an effect on flexor/extensor moment and timing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of treadmill training with taping on the affected ankle joint on the gait and balancing ability in patients with sub-acute stroke. METHODS: Nineteen patients with sub-acute hemiplegic stroke in a rehabilitation hospital were assigned randomly to either the experimental group (n = 10), who received treadmill training with taping on the affected ankle joint or the control group (n = 9), who received general treadmill training. All participants performed 60 min of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy (five sessions per week for four weeks). Each group received treadmill training with or without taping on the affected ankle joint for 20 min (three sessions per week for four weeks). The gait and balancing ability were measured before and after the four-week training. RESULTS: Post-training scores of 10-meter walk test (10 MWT), timed up and go (TUG) test, and center of pressure (COP) path length and velocity for the experimental group increased significantly compared to that pre-training (p < .05). The experimental group showed a larger decrease in the 10 MWT and TUG test than the control group (-3.5 s vs. -1.01 s, p < .05; -4.9 s vs. -1.7 s, p < .05; respectively) CONCLUSION: Treadmill training with taping on the affected ankle joint might improve the gait and balancing ability of stroke patients and is considered a more effective method for improving gait and balancing ability than the method of general treadmill training.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of weight shift training with joint mobilization on the ankle joint passive range of motion (PROM), balance capacity and gait velocity in hemiplegic patients. Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with seven subjects in each group. The EG received weight shift training with joint mobilization in the paretic leg's subtalar joint in order to increase ankle dorsiflexion. The CG received general physical therapy training. Both groups received training five times a week over a period of two consecutive weeks. The figures for PROM of ankle dorsiflexion on the paretic leg, the functional reach test (FRT), the timed up and go (TUG) test, and gait velocity were recorded both before and after the training sessions for both groups. The EG's results in gait velocity, the FRT and the TUG test improved after training (p<.05). The PROM of ankle dorsiflexion improved both in the EG and the CG (p<.05), the EG demonstrated a significantly higher increase (p<.05) than that of the CG. The results of this study suggest that increased joint mobilization positively affects balance and gait velocity of hemiplegic patients. Further studies with a greater sample size are necessary in order further prove the accuracy of the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_1
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• pp.917-925
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing a soft knee brace during balance training on paretic side foot pressure and knee joint muscle strength in stroke patients. The recruited 20 stroke patients were randomized into 10 experimental group and 10 control group. All subjects were subjected to balance training, and only the experimental group was trained in balance while wearing a soft knee brace. Experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention showed significant increases in foot pressure and knee joint muscle strength on the paralyzed side (p<0.05), experimental group showed a significant increase in foot pressure and knee joint muscle strength compared to the control group (p<0.05). This study confirmed that wearing a soft knee brace had a positive effect on paretic side foot pressure and knee joint muscle strength in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sensorimotor training on knee joint stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: The subjects were sixteen 16 adults who received anterior cruciate reconstruction by arthroscopy, and underwent sensorimotor training for which was to have them maintenanceain of a standing position with a step Balance ball on the affected side over 30 degrees knee flexion with 100% weight bearing for 15-20 seconds. Before the genuine experiment commenced, the Lysholm scale was had been used to assess functional disorders on the affected knee joint. KT-2000 Arthrometer measurement equipment was used to measure anterior displacement of tibia against to femur before and after the sensorimotor training. Results: There was significant relaxation on the affected side in tibia anterior displacement of the affected and sound sides on in supine position before the sensorimotor training. There was little significant difference in tibia anterior displacement of the affected knee joints on in the supine position before and after the sensorimotor training. The results also showed that there was a reduction in the difference of tibia anterior displacement of the affected knee joints on in the standing position. These results suggest that the effects of sensorimotor training on knee joint stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to induce the change of tibia anterior displacement against femur and the variation of muscles activation. Conclusion: The sensorimotor training may contribute to the improvement of joint functional stability in people who are in post-operation state and with orthopedic musculoskelectal injuries.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1427-1434
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a psychological state estimation process that computes children's attention and tension in response to training stimuli. Joint attention was adopted as the training stimulus required for behavioral intervention, and the Discrete trial training (DTT) technique was applied as the training protocol. Three types of training stimulation contents are composed to check the user's attention and tension level and provided mounted on a character-shaped tabletop robot. Then, the gaze response to the user's training stimulus is estimated with the vision-based head pose recognition and geometrical calculation model, and the nervous system response is analyzed using the PPG and GSR bio-signals using heart rate variability(HRV) and histogram techniques. Through experiments using robots, it was confirmed that the psychological response of users to training contents on joint attention could be quantified.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.8-17
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hip joint mobilization (HJM) on walking ability, balance ability, and the joint range of motion in stroke patients to minimize the problems of the musculoskeletal system in patients with central nervous system diseases. All volunteers were randomly assigned to the HJM group ($n_1=14$) and the general neurodevelopment therapy (NDT) group ($n_2=16$). The HJM procedure involved applying Maitland mobilization techniques (distraction, lateral gliding, inferior gliding, and anterior gliding) by grade 3 to both hip joint. The mobilization process included mobilization and NDT for 15 min/day, 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were evaluated, including the hip joint passive range of motion (ROM) test and femur head anterior glide test (FHAG) using prone figure four test, dynamic and static balance abilities [timed up and go (TUG) test and center of pressure (COP) analysis], and walking ability [10-meter walking test (10MWT) and 6-min walking test (6MWT)]. Both the groups showed significant post-training differences in the hip joint ROM (FHAG and degree of hip extension) and 10MWT. The post-training improvements in the TUG test were significantly greater in patients of the HJM group than in the NDT group; however, there were no post-training improvements in COP in both groups. Patients in the HJM group showed post-training improvement in the 6MWT; however, statistically significant differences were not observed. Patients in the NDT group showed post-training improvements in the 6MWT. These results suggest that HJM improves hip joint ROM, dynamic balance ability, and walking speed in stroke patients. However, further studies are required to evaluate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of HJM in stroke patients.