• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.683-693
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• 1993

Background: During movement the major inputs to nervous system come from firstly the muscle and joint to maintain posture and motion and secondly the chemoreceptors and baroreceptors to adjust the cardiovascular and respiratory function. Their complex relationships are generally studied for many years but the direct relation between the joint and respiratory system is not studied thoroughly until now. So this experiment was performed to determine whether the natural movement of knee joint can cause the enhancement of respiratory function by observation of the changes of respiratory rate, phrenic nerve activity and inspiratory neuron activity during the stimulation of knee joint in cat anesthetized with $\alpha$-chloralose. Method: Twenty six male adult cats were used and the extracelluar recording using bipolar platinum electrode and carbon filament electrode was done to record the changes in the activities of phrenic nerve and inspiratory neuron movement of knee joint, injection of chemicals into the joint cavity and electrical stimulation of articular nerve were done. Results: The 60 Hz. could not but 120 Hz. flexion-extension movement of knee joint increased respiratory rate(R.R.), tidal neural activity(TNA) and minute neural activity(MNA). Intra-articular injection of lactate could not increase R.R. but significantly increase TNA and MNA which represented the enhanced respiratory function. Injection of potassium chloride showed similar effects with the case of lactate but the duration of effect was shorter. The electrical stimulation of medial articular nerve with IV strength which could activate only group I and II afferents showed increased TNA and MNA during stimulation but 20 V stimulation which could activate all the afferents increased all the respiratory parameters. The changes of inspiratory neuron activity by knee joint stimulation was similar to that of phrenic nerve. Conclusion: The respiratory center could be directly stimulated by the activation of group I and II articular afferents and it seemed that the magnitude of the respiratory center enhancement is proportional to the amount of sensory information from the knee joint. These facts might suggest that the respiratory function could be enhanced even by the normal movement of knee joint.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2021

The use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming more common, and its use is increasing in the orthopedic surgery. Currently, there are four major methods of using 3D printing technology in orthopedic surgery. First, surgical planning simulation using 3D printing model; second, patient-specific surgical instruments; third, production of customized prosthesis using 3D printing technique; fourth, patient-specific prosthesis produced by 3D printing. The areas of orthopedic surgery where 3D printing technology can be used are shoulder joint, spine, hip and pelvis, knee joints, ankle joint, and tumors. Since the diseases and characteristics handled by each area are different, the method of using 3D printing technology is also slightly different in each area. However, using 3D printing technology in all areas can increase the efficiency of surgery, shorten the surgery time, and reduce radiation exposure intraoperatively. 3D printing technology can be of great help in treating patients with particularly complex and difficult orthopedic diseases or fractures. Therefore, the orthopedic surgeon should make the most of the benefits of the 3D printing technology so that patient can be treated effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are diseases that affect the temporomandibular joint and supporting structures. The goal of treatment for TMDs is elimination or reduction of pain and return to normal temporomandibular joint function. Initial treatment for TMDs is non-invasive and conservative, not surgical. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons should fully understand and actively care about non-invasive treatments for TMDs. The purpose of this study is to review the validity and outcomes of non-invasive and surgical treatment modalities for TMDs.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2015

Objective: To compare condylar position and morphology among different vertical skeletal patterns. Methods: Diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography images of 60 adult patients (120 temporomandibular joints) who visited the orthodontic clinic of Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three equal groups according to the mandibular plane angle: hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups. Morphology of the condyle and mandibular fossa and condylar position were compared among the groups. Results: The hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups showed significant differences in superior joint spaces, antero-posterior condyle width, medio-lateral condyle width, condyle head angle, and condylar shapes. Conclusions: Condylar position and morphology vary according to vertical facial morphology. This relationship should be considered for predicting and establishing a proper treatment plan for temporomandibular diseases during orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.617-624
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• 1998

A variety of neuromuscular diseases in children cause muscle imbalance. impaired function, and resultant deformity of the lower extremities. Equinovarus, equinos, adductor contracture are common deformity of lower extremities in the children. Generally, the transfer was successful in improving or maintaining range of motion, stability of the joint and gait. Postoperative physical therapy is important. Physical therapy was instituted after cast removal. All children received stretching exercise, range of motion exercise for the joint, proprioceptive neuromuscular fascilitation and gait training was administered. This article describes our experience with the physical therapy for tendon transfered spastic cerebral palsy and discusses the therapeutic protocol.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is aimed at grasping the benefit/effect of program promoting intention to exercise performance based theory of planned behavior in the elderly who live in the rural areas with degenerative joint diseases (DJDs). Methods: There were 2 groups; 32 people in the experimental group and 24 in the control group, all above the age of 60. Program promoting intention to exercise performance was applied to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a significant the increase of attitude towards exercise, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, exercising intention, and exercise performance. Also, pain as a physical function, joint stiffness, ADLs, body flexibility, parallel, perceived health state as a psychological function, and life satisfaction were significantly improved. Conclusion: We expect that program promoting intention to exercise performance is used in nursing practice for the elderly with DJDs are needed to manage lifestyle.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.47-53
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• 2022

In order to conduct a study on the importance of the wrist joint, which causes a lot of pain among middle-aged people, in relation to work related to musculoskeletal disorders, the effect of stretching on grasping power was studied. In order to compare the grasping power of the wrist for middle-aged people in their 50s, the experiment was conducted by comparing before and after the wrist joint motion stretching. According to the experimental results of wrist gripping power for the control group and the experiment group on wrist gripping power, it was investigated that stretching did not change much in increasing wrist gripping power, but stretching application had an effect on wrist gripping power. In terms of preventing musculoskeletal accidents, reducing pain due to degenerative diseases, and preventing accidents, stretching seems to have an effect when approaching, so it is considered that continuous stretching before and after work is necessary. Therefore, it is suggested that stretching time secured quantitatively through safety and health education before work is necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

Background: This study examined the changes in the leg muscle activities of 30 healthy subjects according to different pressures caused by isometric hip adduction during squat exercise. Methods: With their knee flexed at 60°, the subjects performed isometric hip adduction with a pressure of 0, 20, 40, and 60mmHg. Surface electromyography was used to measure their muscle activities. Changes in the activities of the muscles, such as the gluteus maximus (GMAX), Gluteus medius (GM), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis oblique (VLO), biceps femoris (BF), and Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscles, were analyzed. Results: The activities of the VMO, VLO, GM, BF, and GMAX muscles were significantly different after exercise compared to that before exercise (p<.05). The activities of all the leg muscles measured were highest at a pressure of 60mmHg during isometric hip joint adduction. Conclusion: The pressure produced by isometric hip joint adduction during squat exercise increased the leg muscle activities of the subjects. These results will provide basic data on effective squat exercise to alleviate knee joint diseases.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was undertaken to determine whether the water extract of Achyranthis Radix, which is the roots of Achyranthes japonica (Achyranthis Radix, AR), is efficacious against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Methods : Mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and orally treated with AR-W (50 and 100 mg/kg/bw) from days 21 to 42 after immunization. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritic score, histological examination of knee joint and serological markers such as TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-type II collagen (C II)IgG. Results : The results showed that comparing with untreated CIA mice, treated with AR-W significantly suppressed the clinical score and joint tissue pathological damages, reduced the serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-C II IgG in CIA-mice. These results suggest that AR-W can effectively alleviate inflammatory response on CIA, and anti-inflammatoy of AR-W can be attributed, at least partially, to the inhibition of inflamamtory mediators, $PGE_2$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, in CIA. Conclusions : This study suggests that AR-W has a therapeutic potential in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2013

Musculoskeletal ultrasound has unique advantages that may be free from exposure to radiation, low price compared to MRI, outpatient procedure that can be easily accessible, and better accuracy combined with physical examination. Dynamic ultrasound performed with stress tests are known to be useful for detecting the hidden lesions in the tendons, ligaments, nerves. Ultrasound in the elbow can be used easily in the outpatient for evaluation of the joint surface and synovial space; diagnosis for tendon diseases such as lateral epicondylitis, medial epicondylitis and morbidity of peripheral nerves; guide for anterior-posterior bursal and intra-articular injections.