• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6A호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2009

본 연구는 일체식 교대 교량의 파일-교대 연결부의 거동에 관한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 일체식 교대 교량 연결부의 강체거동을 위하여 교대에 매입된 파일(H형강)에 관통철근을 배치한 형태, 스터드 전단연결재를 설치한 형태의 두 가지의 파일-교대 연결부를 제안하였다. 제안된 파일-교대 연결부의 거동 평가를 위하여 제안된 연결부가 설치된 파일-교대 축소모형 시험체와 일체식 교량 설계지침에서 제시한 연결부가 설치된 파일-교대 축소모형 시험체를 제작하여 하중재하시험을 수행하였다. 하중재하시험 결과, 모든 시험체에서 탄성영역 내의 초기강성은 일반적인 일체식 교대 교량에 적용이 가능할 정도로 나타났다. 그러나 항복 이후 강성과 하중저항 성능, 균열진전양상, 회전 강성 및 지압강도 측면에서 비교한 결과, 본 연구에서 제안한 파일-교대 연결부 방식이 일체식 교대교량의 파일 연결부의 강체거동에 더욱 효과적인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2011

Gait is walking attitude and indicating state. The body's gait is a good mix in the center of body mechanics and exercises to wake up gently at the same time switch is a pass which is complicated at legs various joints. The shifting action what swing phase and stance phase rhythmic movement of body. One from piece moves with different dot. Especially plain walking and stair walking as a vehicle has been used frequently. Characteristics of the stair walking while the balanced the horizontal and vertical movement. Stair walking often takes place in everyday. It requires large range more than walking at plain in the moment and joint range of gait motion. And consistently applied to joints and various types of loads at legs joint may involve joint disorders. In this study, spastic cerebral palsy existing artificial limbs for disabled people when developing calibration equinus deformity patients induce muscle pain when walking on stairs independently, to reduce the research. Comparing the characteristics of the walking up the stairs for analysis patellofemoral joint pain as a result it is to provide engineering data.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1996

To generate workspace analytically using the robot kinematics, data on range of human joints motion, especially range of two degrees of freedom motion, are needed. However, these data have not been investigated up to now. Therefore, in this research, we are to investigate an interaction effect of motions with two degrees of freedom occurred simultaneously at the shoulder, virtual hip(L5/S1) and hip joints, respectively, for 47 young male students. When motion with two degrees of freedom occurred at a joint such as shoulder, virtual hip and hip joints, it was found from the results of ANOVA that the action of a degree of freedom motion may either decrease or increase the effective functioning of the other degree of freedom motion. In other words, the shoulder flexion was decreased as the shoulder was adducted or abducted to $60^{\circ}C$TEX>or abducted from $60^{\circ}C$TEX>to maximum degree of abduction, while the shoulder flexion increased as the joint was abducted from $60^{\circ}C$TEX> to $60^{\circ}C$TEX> The flexion was decreased as the virtual hip was bent laterally at the virtual hip joint, and also did as the hip was adducted or abducted from the neutral position. It is expected that workspace can be generated more precisely based the data on the range of two degrees of joint motion measured in this study.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.547-562
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• 2021

This paper aims to explore the mechanical behavior and moment-rotation model of blind bolted joints between concrete-filled double skin steel tubular columns and steel-concrete composite beams. For this type of joint, the inner tube and sandwiched concrete were additionally identified as basic components compared with CFST blind bolted joint. A modified moment-rotation model for this type of connection was developed, of which the compatibility condition and mechanical equilibrium were employed to determine the internal forces of basic components and neutral axis. Following this, load transfer mechanism among the inner tube, sandwiched concrete and outer tube was discussed to assert the action area of the components. Subsequently, assembly processes of basic coefficients in terms of their stiffness and resistances based on the component method by simplifying them as assemblages of springs in series or in parallel. Finally, an experimental investigation on four substructure joints with CFDST columns for validation purposes was carried out to capture the connection details. The predicted results derived from the mechanical models coincided well with the experimental results. It is demonstrated that the proposed mechanical model is capable of evaluating the complete moment-rotation relationships of blind bolted CFDST column composite connections.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2023

The appropriate maintenance of highway roads is critical for the safe operation of road networks and conserves maintenance costs. Multiple methods have been developed to investigate the surface of roads for various types of cracks and potholes, among other damage. Like road surface damage, the condition of expansion joints in concrete pavement is important to avoid unexpected hazardous situations. Thus, in this study, a new system is proposed for autonomous expansion joint monitoring using a vision-based system. The system consists of the following three key parts: (1) a camera-mounted vehicle, (2) indication marks on the expansion joints, and (3) a deep learning-based automatic evaluation algorithm. With paired marks indicating the expansion joints in a concrete pavement, they can be automatically detected. An inspection vehicle is equipped with an action camera that acquires images of the expansion joints in the road. You Only Look Once (YOLO) automatically detects the expansion joints with indication marks, which has a performance accuracy of 95%. The width of the detected expansion joint is calculated using an image processing algorithm. Based on the calculated width, the expansion joint is classified into the following two types: normal and dangerous. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed system is very efficient in terms of speed and accuracy.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2006

This thesis is focused on kinematical and kinematical analysis of each types(Type #1 : use both swing of arm and reaction of knee, Type #2 : Use only swing of arm, not reaction of knee, type #3 : Neither use of swing of arm nor reaction of knee) of vertical jumps according to gender of High School Students. The subjects of this study is High School Student's male and female, 5 each, for analyzation of actions 3D image analyzing and GRF machines were used. To identify the differences of analyzed variables, an independent T-test on gender, an One-way ANOVA on types were used. Summery of the results are stated below. first of all, female students showed differences on Hip Joint angle and Joint Velocity from male students on Kimentic Variable. So training on hip joint force of flection and extension of female students is needed. Both male and female students showed relatively bigger result of arm's Angular Momentum than thigh's Angular Momentum on Type #1. This is regarded of faster Joint Velocity of Arm. Bigger result of female students of arm's contribution on Type #1 than male students can be said as Female student's weaker hip joint's angular muscle force than male student's, so the dependency of arm is heavier than male students. In Kinetic variable, GRF showed bigger result on male students than female students. So female students need to enhance joint's torque to increase GRF than male students. On vertical Impulse, high numeric data of last two reaction of tiptoe of vertical GRF and antero-posterior GRF helped increasing impulse by extending action time of force.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

This paper presents behavior of concrete pavement at transverse joint subject to static test load. The test was conducted on 1/10 scale model in the laboratory. Load transfer across the crack is developed either by the interlocking action of the aggregate particles at the faces of the joint or by a combination of aggregate interlock and mechanical devices such as dowel bars. In this study, significant three variables considered to the performance of joints were selected. : (a)diameter of dowel bars(2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm), (b)presence or absence of dowel bars, (c)aggregate types(crushed stone, round stone). Experimental results were analyzed to find relationships among displacement of discontinuous plane at jointed slab, load transfer efficiency and joint opening, etc. Displacement of discontinuous plane at joint was decreased according to the increase of dowel bar diameter. In addition, it is found that model slabs made using crushed stone had better load transfer characteristics by aggregate interlock than model slabs made using similarly graded round stone. Displacement of discontinuous plane was increased according to the increase of loading. In addition, it was decreased as dowel diameter(2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm) was increased. In the case of slab without dowel bars, displacement of discontinuous plane was greatly increased and load transfer effciency of slab applied crushed stone was shown 30 percent greater than round stone. In addition, load transfer efficiency of slabs, which were made using crushed and round stone without dowel bars, was decreased to 20 percent and 30 percent, respectively as it was compared with slabs made us-ing dowel bars.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinent factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Pender's revised health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength, endurance, and functional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental well being, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. Of the selected variables in this study, the endogenous variables included the physical fitness, exercise score, exercise participation, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue) and the exogenous variables included personal sociocultural factor(education level), personal biologic factor(body mass index), personal psychologic factor(perceived health status) and prior related behavior factors(previous participation in exercise, life-style). We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul. Data were composed of self reported qustionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by padalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. Of 75 hypothetical paths that influence on physical fitness, exercise participation, exercise score, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue), 40 were supported. The physical fitness was directly influenced by life-style, perceived health status, education level, family support, fatigue, which explained 12% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by life-style, education level, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, depression and duration of arthritis, which explained 47% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived self efficacy. BMI, life-style, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, family support, perceived health status. perceived barriers of action, and fatigue, which explained 70%. Perceived benefits of action was directly influenced by BMI, life-style, which explained 39%. Perceived barriers of action were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, perceived health status, which explained 7%. Perceived self efficacy were directly influeced by level of education, perceived health status, life-style, which explained 57%. Depression were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, BMI, life-style, which explained 27%. Family support were directly influeced by life-style, perceived health status, which explained 29%. Fatigue were directly influeced by BMI, life-style, perceived health status. which explained 41%. Duration of arthritis were directly influeced by life-style, past exercise behavior, BMI, which explained 6%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were life-style, and variable affecting exercise participation were life-style. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise score. BMI, Life-style, perceived benefits of action, family support, past exercise behavior showed direct effects on perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be seeked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved. This study suggest that the methods to reduce the disease related factors, the importance of daily life-style, recognition of benefit of exercise, and educational program to promote self efficacy should be considered in the exercise behavior promotion and nursing intervention for continous performance. The significance of this study is also thought to provide patients with chronic arthritis the specific data for maximal physical and mental well being through exercise, chronic therapeutic procedure, daily adaptation and confrontation in nursing intervention.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2014

The combined new phytoformula (CAS), a mixture (5 : 3 : 2, w/w/w) of the ethanol extracts of the roots of C. officinalis and A. japonica, and the n-butanol fraction of the S. subprostrata strongly inhibited arthritic severity score as well as IL-6 production in serum of collagen-induced arthritic mice. Histological observation also indicated that the CAS-treated group showed less breakdown of joint cartilage of the collagen-treated mice. In contrast, C. officinalis alone or a combination of A. japonica and S. subprostrata did not show significant inhibitory action on the same animal model. Thus, it is thought that CAS possesses a synergistic inhibitory action on arthritic condition. All these results strongly suggest that CAS may be a potential anti-arthritic agent.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2009년도 제17차 학술대회
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• pp.220-220
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• 2009

In fencing, athletes must hit opponents by the sword of fencing, so they need long reach between their foot and their tip of the sword. We thought the motion of shoulder joint, mainly scapula, is one of the important roles in this action and noticed the difference of right and left side in muscles around scapula caused by this action. We evaluated these muscles with MRI imaging in 5 high-level athletes of fencing who aims at the next Olympics (3 men and 2 women, their average age is 21 years). Besides we observed their physical measurement related with these muscles. We reported the characteristics of these results.