• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.36-41
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive study to investigate the presenteeism of nursing in long-term care hospital and general hospital. Data collection was conducted from October 01, 2019 to December 30, 2019. 74 nursing in long-term care hospital and 75 nursing in general hospital in this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Win 21.0 program. Long-term care hospital nurses perceived higher health problems, job loss and perceiver productivity than general hospital nurses. This shows that there is no difference in work intensity according to the classification of patients in long-term care hospitals and general hospital nurses. In order to improve the quality of nursing care services in long-term care hospitals, it is necessary to manage the organizational aspects of long-term care hospital nurses' presenteeism.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.224-231
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• 2018

Background: Organizations are pursing complex and diverse aims to generate higher profits. Many workers experience high work intensity such as workload and work pressure in this organizational environment. Especially, psychological burden is a commonly used term in workplace of Republic of Korea. This study focused on defining the psychological burden from the perspective of occupational safety and health and tried to develop a scale for psychological burden. Methods: The 48 preliminary questionnaire items for psychological burden were prepared by a focus group interview with 16 workers through the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and Mindful Awareness Attention Scale. The preliminary items were surveyed with 572 workers, and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted for a new scale. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted: organizational activity, human error, safety and health workload, work attitude, and negative self-management. These factors had significant correlations and reliability, and the stability of the model for validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusion: The developed scale for psychological burden can measure workers' psychological burden in relation to safety and health. Despite some limitations, this study has applicability in the workplace, given the relatively small-sized questionnaire.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.495-505
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for Screening the Over-weight-type Dietary Pattern in 30 to 49 Year Old Adults. We used the data from the 30 to 49 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys - the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998. The 3,598 adults were classified into to two body fatness groups of normal (including underweight) and overweight (including obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW) When comparing variables between the two groups, significant differences were found in gender, education, job, employment status, perceived health status, sadness / depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, drinking pattern (yes/no) , amount of alcoholic drinks, frequency of intoxication or drunkeness, amount of alcoholic drinks when drunk, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, exercise duration, skipped meals, small meals and drug supplements. In terms of food intake, there were significant differences in the daily food intake in terms of breakfast, dinner, daily kimchi and dairy products. In terms of mealtimes, we found differences in the amount of cooked rice at breakfast, kimchi at lunch, soup / kuk at dinner, fresh vegetables for snacks, fried foods for snacks between breakfast and lunch, and fruits /juices for snacks between lunch and dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis three times, we chose 10 questions for a simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight-type category in order to give one point each. Among them we selected two questions to add one additional point and one question to add two additional points. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the developed questionnaire, were $5.97 \pm 2.36 \pm 7.36 \pm 2.21$, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 67%, 59% and 62%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was a prospective survey to evaluate the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) inter-rater reliability and to identify discordant areas in the KTAS classification between nurses and paramedics in emergency department (ED). Methods: Inter-rater reliability were evaluated using triage deta from January 11 to May 31, 2019. A convinience sample of a total of 800 patients who visited an emergnecy medical center in Incheon (400 adult and 400 pediatric patients in this study) were selected. The triages of this study a pair of one nurse and one paramedic performed triage at the same time, using the KTAS, Inter-rater reliability for the KTAS was evaluated with the weighted kappa. Results: The inter-rater reliability of the KTAS evaluated by weighted Kappa between nurse-paramedic KTAS score of adult patients was .71, and .66 for pediatric patients. Both were in the level considered as substantial. Among causes of triage discordance, the most frequently identified discordant item in triaging adults was the difference in the measurement of pain intensity (28.0%). For both adult and pediatric patients, multiple chief complaint was identified as the major discordant factor. In triaging pediatric patients the body temperature assessment by subjective judgments was the highest discordant item (50.7%). Conclusion: The study result suggested that the KTAS demonstrated a reasonable level of inter-rater reliability and functioned as a standardized triage tool for emergency medical services. In order to improve the inter-rater reliability and classification competence, it is necessary to revise the current all-integrated KTAS provider course to be differentiated for each job group.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.293-319
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• 2018

This study analyzed the determinants of employment for the regular workers in the industrial type, and the results are as follows. First, 73.2% of companies use outsourcing as of 2015, and manufacturing (83.7%) is 20% p higher than non-manufacturing (63.7%). Over the past 10 years, the rate of outsourcing increased by 88.7% in manufacturing and 44.2% in non-manufacturing. Second, as a result of estimating the determinants of employment for regular workers, the variables of labor income distribution, operating profit, sales, R & D expenditure, foreign capital ratio significantly increase the employment of regular workers, while outsourcing, capital intensity, Were estimated to significantly reduce employment. Third, as a result of subdivision of industrial type and estimation of the effect of outsourcing on employment, it decreased employment of regular workers in all types. The size of influence was the biggest decrease in 'basic material type' in manufacturing industry and 'distribution service type' in non - manufacturing industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.211-219
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• 2019

This study analyzed the conflict plots of the top 5 most watched TV series during the 2000-2005 period. It was observed that those popular series typically took love and success as main subject matters to actually aim for such a sensitive social issue as the widening gap between the rich and the poor as well as audience's desire for higher status. They even dared to describe our lives at home and the job as power relationships to heighten the intensity of the conflict. On the other hand, the resolution took a wide variety of both positive and negative endings - ranging from marriages and conciliations to death and arrests - as a way to have the antagonists punished. The deus-ex-machina was often used. A chronological view of the change in the conflict plots of successful dramas should deserve further academic interests.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the type of physical therapist response work and its intensity, along with the prolonged prevalence of COVID-19, to determine the impact on physical therapists' occupational stress and occupational burnout. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 118 physiotherapists and collected the participants' gender, final educational background, clinical work experience, workplace type, additional workload, and fatigue associated with COVID-19. After excluding one participant who submitted an incomplete questionnaire, 117 respondents were included in the final data. Results: Additional COVID-19-related workloads and response reliability for fatigue, occupational burnout, and occupational stress were shown to have Cronbach's alpha measures of 0.76, 0.89, and 0.87, respectively. Groups who had experienced a new epidemic in the past showed higher fatigue levels (3.06±0.94) than those groups who had no such experience (2.49±0.84; p < 0.05). Correlation analysis of COVID-19 work fatigue and occupational burnout scales showed a positive correlation (r = 0.19; p < 0.05). The regression of occupational burnout and occupational stress showed a regression model of Y = 20.00+0.43X₁ (X₁: job stress; p< 0.05) and an explanatory power of 24.8% with an adj.R² = 0.25. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is suggested that various institutions, such as medical institutions, educational institutions, and physiotherapists' associations, should seek ways to manage and alleviate physiotherapists' stress.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1242-1242
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• 2022

Annually, several construction workers fall ill, are injured, or die due to heat-related exposure. The prevalence of work-related heat illness may rise and become an issue for workers operating in temperate climates, given the increase in frequency and intensity of heatwaves in the US. An increase in temperature negatively impacts physical exertion levels and mental state, thereby increasing the potential of accidents on the job site. To reduce the impact of heat stress on workers, it is critical to develop and implement measures for monitoring physical exertion levels and mental state in hot conditions. For this, limited studies have evaluated the utility of wearable biosensors in measuring physical exertion and mental workload in hot conditions. In addition, most studies focus solely on male participants, with little to no reference to female workers who may be exposed to greater heat stress risk. Therefore, this study aims to develop a process for objective and continuous assessment of worker physical exertion and mental workload using wearable biosensors. Physiological data were collected from eight (four male and four female) participants performing a simulated drilling task at 92oF and about 50% humidity level. After removing signal artifacts from the data using multiple filtering processes, the data was compared to a perceived muscle exertion scale and mental workload scale. Results indicate that biosensors' features can effectively detect the change in worker physical and mental state in hot conditions. Therefore, wearable biosensors provide a feasible and effective opportunity to continuously assess worker physical exertion and mental workload.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2015

A systemic review on the factors affecting food catering hygiene was conducted to provide information for risk management of food catering in Korea. In total 47 keywords relating to food catering and food hygiene were searched for published journals in the DBpia for the last decade (2005-2014). As a result, 1,178 published papers were searched and 142 articles were collected by the expert review. To find the major factors affecting food catering and microbial safety, an analysis based on organization and stakeholder were conducted. School catering (64 papers) was a major target rather than industry (5 pagers) or hospitals (3 papers) in the selected articles. The factors affecting school catering were "system/facility/equipment (15 papers)", "hygiene education (12 papers)", "production/delivery company (6 papers)", food materials (4 papers)" and "any combination of the above factors (9 papers)". The major problems are follow. 1) The problems of "system/facility/equipment" were improper space division/separation, lack of mass cooking utensil, lack of hygiene control equipment, difficulty in temperature and humidity control, and lack of cooperation in the HACCP team (dietitian's position), poor hygienic classroom in the case of class dining (students'), hard workload/intensity of labor, poor condition of cook's safety (cook's) and lack of parents' monitoring activity (parents'). 2) The problem of "hygiene education' were related to formal and perfunctory hygiene education, lack of HACCP education, lack of compliance of hygiene practice (cook's), lack of personal hygiene education and little effect of education (students'). 3) The problems of "production/delivery company" were related to hygiene of delivery truck and temperature control, hygiene of employee in the supplying company and control of non-accredited HACCP company. 4) The area of "food materials" cited were distrust of safety regarding to raw materials, fresh cut produces, and pre-treated food materials. 5) In addition, job stability/the salary can affect the occupational satisfaction and job commitment. And job stress can affect the performance and the hygiene practice. It is necessary for the government to allocate budget for facility and equipment, conduct field survey, improve hygiene training program and inspection, prepare certification system, improve working condition of employees, and introducing hygiene and layout consulting by experts. The results from this study can be used to prepare education programs and develop technology for improving food catering hygiene and providing information.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated long-term care hospital nurses' knowledge and practice of pain management and their attitudes towards the job with an ultimate aim to provide fundamental information for development of a pain education program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 120 nurses from four long-term care hospitals. Nurses' knowledge of and attitudes towards pain management was measured using a tool developed by Watt-Watson. To examine their pain management practice, an instrument was developed based on the pain management guidelines used by the long-term care settings. Results: For pain management knowledge, the participants gave an average of 26.2 (${\pm}13.10$) correct answers out of 40 questions. The most frequently missed question was one about subjectivity of pain, "Patients' physiological and behavioral reactions to pain hint at the presence and intensity of pain" (89.2%), and 56.7% of the nurses believed that increasing tolerance for a narcotic analgesic means addiction. Regarding attitudes towards and practice of pain management, 80.2% of the nurses used placebos to patients who complain about pain often. Conclusion: This study revealed poor level of pain management knowledge of and attitude among long-term care hospital nurses. This might negatively affect their pain management practice. From the educational perspective, nurses should be provided with education on pain management education with emphasis on the nature of pain and misuse of placebo drugs.