• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 2000

We give nine necessary and sufficient conditions for a metric space to be complete.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.520-520
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• 2006

• 월간산업보건
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• s.250
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• pp.48-54
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• 2009

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-384
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• 2013

One specimen (13.4 cm ML) of Chiroteuthis picteti belonging to the family Chiroteuthidae, firstly collected from Songjeong, Southeast coastal water of Korea on May 18, 2013. It was identified as C. picteti based on the following combination of morphological character: mantle slenderly cylindrical; fin oval shape, both lobes having no anterior free lobe, FL 58.2% of ML; arms long with a formula IV > III > II > I. We propose a new Korean name, "Kin-pal-o-jing-eo-gua", "Kin-pal-o-jing-eo-sok", and "Kin-pal-o-jing-eo" for the family, genus and species, respectively.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Since western mathematics and astronomy had been introduced in Chosun dynasty in the 17th century, most of Chosun mathematicians studied Shu li jing yun(數理精蘊) for the western mathematics. In the last two decades of the 19th century, Chosun scholars have studied them which were introduced by Japanese text books and western missionaries. The former dealt mostly with elementary arithmetic and the latter established schools and taught mathematics. Lee Sang Seol(1870~1917) is well known in Korea as a Confucian scholar, government official, educator and foremost Korean independence movement activist in the 20th century. He was very eager to acquire western civilizations and studied them with the minister H. B. Hulbert(1863~1949). He wrote a mathematics book Su Ri(數理, 1898-1899) which has two parts. The first one deals with the linear part(線部) and geometry in Shu li jing yun and the second part with algebra. Using Su Ri, we investigate the process of transmission of western mathematics into Chosun in the century and show that Lee Sang Seol built a firm foundation for the study of algebra in Chosun.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2010

Four promising biocontrol agents against Phytophthora capsici were selected from 507 bacterial isolates collected from rhizosphere soils and roots of pepper plants. In vitro experiment, these four biocontrol agents inhibited mycelial growth, germination of cystospores, and formation of zoosporangia and zoospores of Phytophthora capsici. In the pot experiment, the four biocontrol agents showed control efficiency higher than 70%. In greenhouse experiment, the isolates G28-6 gave the control value of 79.4%. These four biocontrol agents successfully colonized in the population density beyond 105 cfu/g on roots of pepper in vitro. The isolates G28-6 was identified as Pseudomonas aurantiaca, based on its cultural, morphological, and biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.250-263
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• 2001

Objective : I refered to oriental medical records to study on the use Ohaeng-acupuncture through compared ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ with . Methods : The original text about ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ was used ${\ll}$Nan Jing Ben YI${\gg}$, annotations were excerpted and record that were necessary for this study. The structural formula was composed together to compare ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ with . Results : ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ deals with fundamental medical theories and gives differentiation of syndromes of some diseases in the form of questions and answers. ${\ll}$The Sixty nineth Difficulty, Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ 'Xu Ze Bu Qi Mu(虛者補其母), Shi Ze Xie Qi Zi (實者瀉其子)' that united ${\ll}$Ling Shu(靈樞) - Jing Mai(經脈篇)${\gg}$ 'Sheng Ze Xie Zhi(盛則瀉之) Xu Ze Bu Zhi(虛則補之)' with Ohaeng-xiangsheng theory is the base of the 'Bu Xie (補瀉)'. ${\ll}$The seventy fifth Difficulty, Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ 'Xie Nan Huo (瀉南方火) Bu Bei Shui (補北方火)' that based Ohaeng-xiangke theory and the 'Qu Xue(取穴)' takes the form of the 'Bu Mu Xie Zi (補母瀉子)' in standard of internal organs which are etiologic al cause named 'Shi(實)'.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.721-727
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• 2002

Precipitation evapotranspiration and runoff are three key parameters of regional water balance. Problems exist in the traditional methods for calculating such factors , such as explaining of the geographic rationality of spatial interpolating methods and lacking of enough observation stations in many important area for bad natural conditions. With the development of modern spatial info-techniques, new efficient shifts arose for traditional studies. Guided by theories on energy flow and materials exchange within Soil-Atmosphere-Plant Continuant (SPAC), retrieval models of key hydrological parameters were established in the Yellow River basin using CMS-5 and FengYun-2 meteorological satellite data. Precipitation and evapotranspiration were then estimated: (1) Estimating tile amount of solar energy that is absorbed by the ground with surface reflectivity, which is measured in the visible wavelength band (VIS): (2) Assessing the partitioning of the absorbed energy between sensible and latent heat with the surface temperature, which was measured in the thermal infrared band (TIR), the latent heat representing the evapotranspiration of water; (3) Clouds are identified and cloud top levels are classified using both VIS and TIR data. Hereafter precipitation will be calculated pixel by pixel with retrieval model. Daily results are first obtained, which are then processed to decade, monthly and yearly products. Precipitation model has been has been and tested with ground truth data; meanwhile, the evapotranspiration result has been verified with Large Aperture Scintillometry (LAS) presented by Wageningen University of the Netherlands. Further studies may concentrate on the application of models, i.e., establish a hydrological model of the Yellow river basin to make the accurate estimation of river volume and even monitor the whole hydrological progress.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2022

Kriging metamodel, as a flexible machine learning method for approximating deterministic analysis models of an engineering system, has been widely used for efficiently estimating slope reliability in recent years. However, the autocorrelation function (ACF), a key input to Kriging that affects the accuracy of reliability estimation, is usually selected based on empiricism. This paper proposes an adaption of the Kriging method, named as Genetic Algorithm optimized Whittle-Matérn Kriging (GAWMK), for addressing this issue. The non-classical two-parameter Whittle-Matérn (WM) function, which can represent different ACFs in the Matérn family by controlling a smoothness parameter, is adopted in GAWMK to avoid subjectively selecting ACFs. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the WM model to adaptively select the optimal autocorrelation structure of the GAWMK model. Monte Carlo simulation is then performed based on GAWMK for a subsequent slope reliability analysis. Applications to one explicit analytical example and two slope examples are presented to illustrate and validate the proposed method. It is found that reliability results estimated by the Kriging models using randomly chosen ACFs might be biased. The proposed method performs reasonably well in slope reliability estimation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2006

Objectives : It is known that the five Su points are very useful clinically. The following study was undertaken in order to find out the general characteristic and the origin of the five Su points. Methods: We investigated the relation of symptoms that are treated by five Su points and Shi-Dong Suo-Sheng-Bing(是動 所生病). The main reference book was Zhen Jiu Jia Yi jing(鍼灸甲乙經) and the author took Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum(足厥陰肝經) as an example. Results : 1. Five Su point of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum(足厥陰肝經) treats Shi-Dong-Bing(是動病) of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum. It is peculiarity of Five Su point of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum, differed from the others acupoints. Symptoms of Shi-Dang-Bing appears with the abnormal pulsation of Merdian Gi(脈氣), and the special feature of Shi-Dang-Bing is the symptoms are consisted of disorders of whole body, trobles of an internal organ, and psychosomatic disorders. 2. In , it is described the part of pulse feeling for Shi-Dong-Bing(是動病) of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum(足厥陰肝經) as ‘A region that is 2 Chon(寸) from the basic digital joint of the first toe’. This region is agree with the acupoint of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum in , . And Haeng-gan(行間) Tae-chung(太衝), members of five Su-points of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum is situated the same region. So we suppose that the part of pulse feeling for Shi-Dong-Bing of Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum is transformed into Haeng-gan(行間) Tae-chung(太衝), among the five Su points.